Özbek Türkçesinde Miratif (Beklenmeyen Bilgi) Kategorisi

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 15, 507 - 544, 28.04.2024

Bahar Türkyılmaz

https://doi.org/10.51531/korkutataturkiyat.1458860

Öz

Türkiye Türkçesine şaşkınlık, hayret, hayranlık, sürpriz, beklenmediklik veya beklenmeyen bilgi kavramları ile aktarabileceğimiz admirative/mirative/miratif kategorisi konuşurun ya da muhatabın daha önce farkında olmadığı, var olan algısıyla çatışacak kadar yeni, beklenmedik, sürpriz bir bilgiyle karşılaşması ve bu beklenmedikliğin karşısında da genellikle şaşkınlık ifadesiyle kodlanan dil bilimsel bir kategoridir. İlk çalışmalarda kanıtsallık içerisinde pragmatik bir uzantı olarak değerlendirilen miratif kategorisi özellikle DeLancey’in çalışmalarıyla birlikte ayrı bir kategori kimliği kazanmış ve pek çok araştırmacı tarafından da çeşitli dillerde tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada Özbek Türkçesinin miratif sistemi üzerinde durulmuş ve Özbek Türkçesinde miratif kategorisini işaretlemek üzere sınır sonrasılık (postterminal) biçimleri -ib(di) ve -gan ile ekan ve emish yapıları ekseninde bir inceleme yapılmıştır. İnceleme için toplamda otuz yedi eser taranmış olup taranan eserler 1936 ile 2022 yılları arasından seçilmiştir. Tarama sonucunda ise otuz yedi eserin yalnızca on üçünde miratif kodlama tespit edilebilmiştir. İncelemede elde edilen bulgulara göre özellikle enklitiklerin dil bilgisel ayırt ediciler şeklinde miratif anlamları kodlayabildiği, en çok kodlamanın ekan yapısıyla gerçekleştirildiği, -ib(di) biçimbiriminin -gan’a nazaran kodlamada daha fazla tercih edildiği, belirli fiillerin içerik olarak miratif anlama yatkın olduğu görülmüş ve ayrıca çeşitli sözlüksel araçların da cümlede yer alan miratif anlamı görünür kıldıkları saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Özbek Türkçesi, sürpriz, enklitik, ünlem, miratif.

Mirative Category in Uzbek Turkish

Öz

The admirative/mirative/mirative category, which can be translated into Turkish with the concepts of astonishment, amazement, admiration, surprise, unexpectedness or unexpected information, is a linguistic category in which the speaker or interlocutor encounters new, unexpected, surprising information that the speaker or interlocutor was not previously aware of, which is so new that it conflicts with his/her existing perception, and which is usually coded with the expression of surprise in the face of this unexpectedness. The category of mirative, which was considered a pragmatic extension of evidentiality in the first studies, has gained a separate category identity, especially with DeLancey's studies and has been identified by many researchers in various languages. In this study, the mirative system of Uzbek Turkish was emphasized and an analysis was made based on the postterminal forms -ib(di) and -gan and the structures ekan and emish to mark the mirative category in Uzbek Turkish. A total of thirty-seven works were scanned and the scanned works were selected between the years 1936 and 2022. As a result of the scanning, mirative coding could be detected in only thirteen of the thirty-seven works. According to the findings obtained in the analysis, it was seen that especially enclitics could encode mirative meanings in the form of grammatical markers, most encoding was carried out with the ekan structure, the morpheme -ib(di) was more preferred in encoding than -gan, certain verbs were prone to mirative meaning in terms of content, and it was also found that various lexical tools made the mirative meaning in the sentence visible.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Uzbek Turkish, surprise, enclitic, exclamation, mirative.

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