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ENERJİ ARZ GÜVENLİĞİ BAĞLAMINDA AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ’NİN GÜNEY GAZ KORİDORU VE TÜRKİYE’NİN KONUMU

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3, 288 - 306, 30.12.2019

Öz

Avrupa Birliği (AB) ülkeleri,
dünyanın en büyük enerji tüketicilerinden birisidir. Avrupa kıtası, enerji
kaynaklarından yoksunluğu ile ağırlıklı olarak enerjiyi ithal etmektedir.
Yaşamsal fonksiyonların ana unsurunu oluşturan enerji kaynaklarından birisi de
doğal gazdır. Doğal gaz tüketiminde önemli oranda Rus doğal gaz ithalatına
bağımlı olan AB, Ukrayna Krizi’nde görüldüğü gibi enerji kesintilerine maruz
kalmaktadır. AB ülkelerinin enerji arz güvenliği, Rusya tarafından
gerçekleştirilen doğal gaz kesintilerinden oldukça olumsuz etkilenmektedir. Bu
nedenle, topluluğunun çeşitli enerji politikaları benimsediği görülmektedir.
Bunların başında enerji kaynaklarını çeşitlendirme politikaları gelmektedir.
Avrupa Komisyonu, enerji kaynaklarını çeşitlendirme politikaları kapsamında
Güney Gaz Koridoru projesini benimsemiştir. Bu projenin ana güzergahı Türkiye
üzerinden geçmektedir. Türkiye’nin önemli bir transit ülke olması ve enerji
koridoru olarak tanımlanması, ülkenin AB ve Güney Gaz Koridoru adına önemini
arttırmaktadır.



Bu çalışmada, AB’nin enerji arz
güvenliğini sağlamak adına benimsediği enerji kaynaklarını çeşitlendirme
politikası kapsamında Güney Gaz Koridoru; buna ilişkin Türkiye ve AB’nin konumu
ile projenin hedefleri gerçekleştirme dinamikleri değerlendirilmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Arslan, T. (1989). Avrupa Birliği'nin Enerjide Rusya'ya Bağımlılığı Sorunsalında; Türkiye ve Doğu Akdeniz, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ufuk Üniversitesi SBE. Ankara.
  • Bhattacharyya, S. C. (2011). Energy Economics : Concepts, Issues, Markets and Governance. London: Springer London.
  • BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2019. (2019). BP. https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2019-full-report.pdf (1 Haziran 2019)
  • Carlson, S. (2016). Pivoting energy relations in the Eastern Mediterranean. Turkish Policy Quarterly, 15(1), 76.
  • Caşın, M. H. (2015). A New Geopolitical Game in Mediterranean Hydrocarbons: Windows of Opportunities or New Challenges?. Journal of Caspian Affairs, 1(1), 52.
  • Çelikpala, M. (2013). Enerji Güvenliği: NATO’nun Yeni Tehdit Algısı. İstanbul : İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Çeviköz, Ü. (2016). Could Turkey become a new energy trade hub in South East Europe. Turkish Policy Quarterly, 15(2), 67-76.
  • Demir, N., & Tekir, O. (2017). Sharing Energy Resources of Eastern Mediterranean: Regional and Global Dynamics. Economic and Environmental Studies, 17(44), 651-674.
  • Diversification of Gas Supply Sources And Routes. (25 Şubat 2015). European Union European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/topics/energy-security/diversification-of-gas-supply-sources-and-routes (1 Haziran 2019)
  • Doğal Gaz Piyasası Sektör Raporu. (2017). EPDK. https://www.epdk.org.tr/Detay/Icerik/3-0-94/dogal-gazyillik-sektor-raporu (1 Haziran 2019)
  • Georgopoulou, M. (2015). The Greek Turkish Relations in Terms of the Natural Gas Networks in Southeastern Europe and The Eastern Mediterranean. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. İstanbul.
  • Grigoriadis, I. N. (2014). Energy discoveries in the Eastern Mediterranean: conflict or cooperation?. Middle East Policy, 21(3), 124-133.
  • Hakkımızda. (2019). TANAP. https://www.tanap.com/kurumsal/hakkimizda/ (1 Haziran 2019)
  • Kakışım, C. (2017). Türkiye'nin Enerji Merkezi Ülke Olma Hedefi Açısından Bölgesel Riskler ve Bölgesel Fırsatlar. Journal of Suleyman Demirel University Institute of Social Sciences, 28(3).
  • Kandiyoti, R. (2015). Powering Europe : Russia, Ukraine, and the Energy Squeeze. New York, NY; Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire : Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Khashan, H. (2014). The Energy Factor in Eastern Mediterranean Relations. Études helléniques/Hellenic Studies. 22(2), 159-177.
  • Khatinoglu, D. ve İlham S. (2 Nisan 2019). Baku Cuts Adb Loan As Sgc Costs Drop. Naturasl Gas World. https://www.naturalgasworld.com/baku-cuts-adb-loan-as-sgc-costs-drop-69099 (1 Haziran 2019)
  • Kontakos, P., & Zhelyazkova, V. (2015). Energy Infrastructure Projects of Common Interest in the SEE, Turkey, and Eastern Mediterranean and Their Investment Challenges. In Energy Systems and Management (pp. 261-267). Springer, Cham.
  • Major Shareholder In The Project Of The Century!. (2019). TANAP. https://www.tanap.com/media/press-releases/major-shareholder-in-the-project-of-the-century/ (1 Haziran 2019)
  • Martinez, M., Murdock, H., & Schaeffer, F. (2013). Geopolitics of Gas in the Mediterranean. Eurogroupconsulting/SciencesPo, June, 18.
  • Muller-Kraenner, S. (2015). Energy security. Routledge.
  • Pamir, N. (2015). Enerjinin İktidarı Enerji Kaynaklarını Elinde Tutan, Dünyayı Elinde Tutar. Istanbul: hayykitap.
  • Project Progress. (2019). Trans Adriatic Pipeline (TAP). https://www.tap-ag.com/pipeline-construction/project-progress (1 Haziran 2019)
  • Roberts, J. (Ekim 2018). Europe’s Southern Gas Corridor: The Italian (Dis)connection. Atlantic Council. http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/images/publications/Europe_s_Southern_Gas_Corridor_101018.pdf (1 Haziran 2019)
  • Smith, P. A. (2013). Turkey, the New Energy Hub of the Mediterranean. Current Contents of Periodicals On The Middle East. No. 443.
  • South Caucasus Pipeline (SCP), Georgia, Turkey, Azerbaijan. (2019). Hydrocarbons Technology. https://www.hydrocarbons-technology.com/projects/south-caucasus-pipeline-scp-georgia-turkey-azerbaijan/ (1 Haziran 2019)
  • South Caucasus Pipeline. (2019). BP. https://www.bp.com/en_az/caspian/operationsprojects/pipelines/SCP.html (1 Haziran 2019)
  • South Caucasus Pipeline. (2019). Southern Gas Corridor. https://www.sgc.az/en/project/scp (1 Haziran 2019)
  • Southern Gas Corridor Project Attracts $750 Mln Syndicated Loan. (2018). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/energy-azerbaijan-gas/southern-gas-corridor-project-attracts-750-mln-syndicated-loan-idUSL8N1TW0KA (1 Haziran 2019)
  • Stergiou, A. (2017). Energy security in the Eastern Mediterranean. International Journal of Global Energy Issues, 40(5), 320-334.
  • T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Avrupa Birliği Başkanlığı. (2019). Fasıl 15-Enerji. https://www.ab.gov.tr/fasil-15-enerji_80.html (20 Eylül 2019)
  • T.C. Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanlığı, (2019) Doğal Gaz Boru Hatları ve Projeleri, https://www.enerji.gov.tr/tr-TR/Sayfalar/Dogal-Gaz-Boru-Hatlari-ve-Projeleri (1 Haziran 2019)
  • TANAP Resmen Açılıyor. (11 Haziran 2018). Enerji Günlüğü. https://www.enerjigunlugu.net/tanap-resmen-aciliyor-27656h.htm (1 Haziran 2019)
  • TANAP. (2019). TANAP. http://www.tanap.com/content/file/TANAP_WEB_201812.pdf (1 Haziran 2019)
  • TANAP. (2019). TANAP. https://www.tanap.com/ (1 Haziran 2019)
  • TANAP'tan Bir Yılda 1,8 Milyar Metreküp Gaz Geldi. (11 Haziran 2019). Bloomberg HT. https://www.bloomberght.com/tanap-tan-bir-yilda-1-8-milyar-metrekup-gaz-geldi-2224282 (13 Haziran 2019)
  • TAP Project Schedule. (2019). Trans Adriatic Pipeline (TAP). https://www.tap-ag.com/the-pipeline/project-timeline (1 Haziran 2019)
  • TAP’s Shareholders. (2019) Trans Adriatic Pipeline (TAP). https://www.tap-ag.com/about-us/our-shareholders (1 Haziran 2019)
  • The EU Status. (2019) Trans Adriatic Pipeline (TAP). https://www.tap-ag.com/the-pipeline/the-big-picture/the-eu-status (1 Haziran 2019)
  • The Southern Gas Corridor. (2019). BP. https://www.bp.com/en_az/caspian/operationsprojects/Shahdeniz/SouthernCorridor.html (1 Haziran 2019)
  • Trans Adriatic Pipeline Route. (2019) Trans Adriatic Pipeline (TAP). https://www.tap-ag.com/the-pipeline/route-map (1 Haziran 2019)
  • Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline Project. (2019). The World Bank. http://projects.worldbank.org/P157416?lang=en 1 Haziran 2019)
  • Türk Akımı Doğalgaz Boru Hattı. (Kasım 2018). Sputnik News. https://tr.sputniknews.com/infografik/201811201036245122-turk-akimi-dogalgaz-gazprom-rusya-turkiye/ (1 Haziran 2019)
  • Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanlığı. (2017). Dünya ve Türkiye Enerji Ve Tabii Kaynaklar Görünümü. https://www.enerji.gov.tr/File/?path=ROOT%2f1%2fDocuments%2fEnerji%20ve%20Tabii%20Kaynaklar%20G%C3%B6r%C3%BCn%C3%BCm%C3%BC%2fSayi_15.pdf ( 1 Haziran 2019)
  • Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanlığı. (2019). Petrol. https://www.enerji.gov.tr/tr-TR/Sayfalar/Petrol (1 Haziran 2019)
  • What is Southern Gas Corridor?. (2019). Southern Gas Corridor. https://www.sgc.az/en (1 Haziran 2019)
  • Winrow, Gareth M. (2016). The Anatomy of a Possible Pipeline: The Case of Turkey and Leviathan and Gas Politics in the Eastern Mediterranean. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, Vol. 18, No. 5, 2016. ss.431-447.
  • Yergin, D. (2011). The quest: Energy, security, and the remaking of the modern world. Penguin.
  • Zeniewski, P. (2019). Commentary: A long-term view of natural gas security in the European Union. IEA. https://www.iea.org/newsroom/news/2019/march/a-long-term-view-of-natural-gas-security-in-the-european-union.html (1 Haziran 2019)

EUROPEAN UNIONS’S SOUTHERN GAS CORRIDOR AND TURKEY’S POSITION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE ENERGY SUPPLY SECURITY

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3, 288 - 306, 30.12.2019

Öz

The European Union (EU) countries
are one of the largest energy consumers in the world. The Europe imports energy
mainly due to the lack of energy resources. Natural gas is one of the main resources
for human life. The EU, which is heavily dependent on Russian natural gas
imports on natural gas consumption, experiences energy interruptions as seen in
the Ukrainian Crisis. The EU’s energy supply security is affected negatively by
natural gas interruptions by Russia. Therefore, it is seen that the EU has
adopted various energy policies. Most important of them is diversification of
energy resources policy. The European Commission has adopted the Southern Gas
Corridor project as part of it’s energy diversification policies. This
project's main route passes through Turkey. Turkey is a major transit country
and is defined as an energy corridor. Turkey’s role as an transit country and
energy corridor has increased by Southern Gas Corridor.



In this study, the Southern Gas
Corridor is analyzed within the scope of EU's policy of diversification of
energy resources which was adopted in order to provide energy supply security.
Turkey and the EU’s role in the Southern Gas Corridor Project project are
evaluated.

Kaynakça

  • Arslan, T. (1989). Avrupa Birliği'nin Enerjide Rusya'ya Bağımlılığı Sorunsalında; Türkiye ve Doğu Akdeniz, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ufuk Üniversitesi SBE. Ankara.
  • Bhattacharyya, S. C. (2011). Energy Economics : Concepts, Issues, Markets and Governance. London: Springer London.
  • BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2019. (2019). BP. https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2019-full-report.pdf (1 Haziran 2019)
  • Carlson, S. (2016). Pivoting energy relations in the Eastern Mediterranean. Turkish Policy Quarterly, 15(1), 76.
  • Caşın, M. H. (2015). A New Geopolitical Game in Mediterranean Hydrocarbons: Windows of Opportunities or New Challenges?. Journal of Caspian Affairs, 1(1), 52.
  • Çelikpala, M. (2013). Enerji Güvenliği: NATO’nun Yeni Tehdit Algısı. İstanbul : İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Çeviköz, Ü. (2016). Could Turkey become a new energy trade hub in South East Europe. Turkish Policy Quarterly, 15(2), 67-76.
  • Demir, N., & Tekir, O. (2017). Sharing Energy Resources of Eastern Mediterranean: Regional and Global Dynamics. Economic and Environmental Studies, 17(44), 651-674.
  • Diversification of Gas Supply Sources And Routes. (25 Şubat 2015). European Union European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/topics/energy-security/diversification-of-gas-supply-sources-and-routes (1 Haziran 2019)
  • Doğal Gaz Piyasası Sektör Raporu. (2017). EPDK. https://www.epdk.org.tr/Detay/Icerik/3-0-94/dogal-gazyillik-sektor-raporu (1 Haziran 2019)
  • Georgopoulou, M. (2015). The Greek Turkish Relations in Terms of the Natural Gas Networks in Southeastern Europe and The Eastern Mediterranean. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. İstanbul.
  • Grigoriadis, I. N. (2014). Energy discoveries in the Eastern Mediterranean: conflict or cooperation?. Middle East Policy, 21(3), 124-133.
  • Hakkımızda. (2019). TANAP. https://www.tanap.com/kurumsal/hakkimizda/ (1 Haziran 2019)
  • Kakışım, C. (2017). Türkiye'nin Enerji Merkezi Ülke Olma Hedefi Açısından Bölgesel Riskler ve Bölgesel Fırsatlar. Journal of Suleyman Demirel University Institute of Social Sciences, 28(3).
  • Kandiyoti, R. (2015). Powering Europe : Russia, Ukraine, and the Energy Squeeze. New York, NY; Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire : Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Khashan, H. (2014). The Energy Factor in Eastern Mediterranean Relations. Études helléniques/Hellenic Studies. 22(2), 159-177.
  • Khatinoglu, D. ve İlham S. (2 Nisan 2019). Baku Cuts Adb Loan As Sgc Costs Drop. Naturasl Gas World. https://www.naturalgasworld.com/baku-cuts-adb-loan-as-sgc-costs-drop-69099 (1 Haziran 2019)
  • Kontakos, P., & Zhelyazkova, V. (2015). Energy Infrastructure Projects of Common Interest in the SEE, Turkey, and Eastern Mediterranean and Their Investment Challenges. In Energy Systems and Management (pp. 261-267). Springer, Cham.
  • Major Shareholder In The Project Of The Century!. (2019). TANAP. https://www.tanap.com/media/press-releases/major-shareholder-in-the-project-of-the-century/ (1 Haziran 2019)
  • Martinez, M., Murdock, H., & Schaeffer, F. (2013). Geopolitics of Gas in the Mediterranean. Eurogroupconsulting/SciencesPo, June, 18.
  • Muller-Kraenner, S. (2015). Energy security. Routledge.
  • Pamir, N. (2015). Enerjinin İktidarı Enerji Kaynaklarını Elinde Tutan, Dünyayı Elinde Tutar. Istanbul: hayykitap.
  • Project Progress. (2019). Trans Adriatic Pipeline (TAP). https://www.tap-ag.com/pipeline-construction/project-progress (1 Haziran 2019)
  • Roberts, J. (Ekim 2018). Europe’s Southern Gas Corridor: The Italian (Dis)connection. Atlantic Council. http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/images/publications/Europe_s_Southern_Gas_Corridor_101018.pdf (1 Haziran 2019)
  • Smith, P. A. (2013). Turkey, the New Energy Hub of the Mediterranean. Current Contents of Periodicals On The Middle East. No. 443.
  • South Caucasus Pipeline (SCP), Georgia, Turkey, Azerbaijan. (2019). Hydrocarbons Technology. https://www.hydrocarbons-technology.com/projects/south-caucasus-pipeline-scp-georgia-turkey-azerbaijan/ (1 Haziran 2019)
  • South Caucasus Pipeline. (2019). BP. https://www.bp.com/en_az/caspian/operationsprojects/pipelines/SCP.html (1 Haziran 2019)
  • South Caucasus Pipeline. (2019). Southern Gas Corridor. https://www.sgc.az/en/project/scp (1 Haziran 2019)
  • Southern Gas Corridor Project Attracts $750 Mln Syndicated Loan. (2018). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/energy-azerbaijan-gas/southern-gas-corridor-project-attracts-750-mln-syndicated-loan-idUSL8N1TW0KA (1 Haziran 2019)
  • Stergiou, A. (2017). Energy security in the Eastern Mediterranean. International Journal of Global Energy Issues, 40(5), 320-334.
  • T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Avrupa Birliği Başkanlığı. (2019). Fasıl 15-Enerji. https://www.ab.gov.tr/fasil-15-enerji_80.html (20 Eylül 2019)
  • T.C. Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanlığı, (2019) Doğal Gaz Boru Hatları ve Projeleri, https://www.enerji.gov.tr/tr-TR/Sayfalar/Dogal-Gaz-Boru-Hatlari-ve-Projeleri (1 Haziran 2019)
  • TANAP Resmen Açılıyor. (11 Haziran 2018). Enerji Günlüğü. https://www.enerjigunlugu.net/tanap-resmen-aciliyor-27656h.htm (1 Haziran 2019)
  • TANAP. (2019). TANAP. http://www.tanap.com/content/file/TANAP_WEB_201812.pdf (1 Haziran 2019)
  • TANAP. (2019). TANAP. https://www.tanap.com/ (1 Haziran 2019)
  • TANAP'tan Bir Yılda 1,8 Milyar Metreküp Gaz Geldi. (11 Haziran 2019). Bloomberg HT. https://www.bloomberght.com/tanap-tan-bir-yilda-1-8-milyar-metrekup-gaz-geldi-2224282 (13 Haziran 2019)
  • TAP Project Schedule. (2019). Trans Adriatic Pipeline (TAP). https://www.tap-ag.com/the-pipeline/project-timeline (1 Haziran 2019)
  • TAP’s Shareholders. (2019) Trans Adriatic Pipeline (TAP). https://www.tap-ag.com/about-us/our-shareholders (1 Haziran 2019)
  • The EU Status. (2019) Trans Adriatic Pipeline (TAP). https://www.tap-ag.com/the-pipeline/the-big-picture/the-eu-status (1 Haziran 2019)
  • The Southern Gas Corridor. (2019). BP. https://www.bp.com/en_az/caspian/operationsprojects/Shahdeniz/SouthernCorridor.html (1 Haziran 2019)
  • Trans Adriatic Pipeline Route. (2019) Trans Adriatic Pipeline (TAP). https://www.tap-ag.com/the-pipeline/route-map (1 Haziran 2019)
  • Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline Project. (2019). The World Bank. http://projects.worldbank.org/P157416?lang=en 1 Haziran 2019)
  • Türk Akımı Doğalgaz Boru Hattı. (Kasım 2018). Sputnik News. https://tr.sputniknews.com/infografik/201811201036245122-turk-akimi-dogalgaz-gazprom-rusya-turkiye/ (1 Haziran 2019)
  • Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanlığı. (2017). Dünya ve Türkiye Enerji Ve Tabii Kaynaklar Görünümü. https://www.enerji.gov.tr/File/?path=ROOT%2f1%2fDocuments%2fEnerji%20ve%20Tabii%20Kaynaklar%20G%C3%B6r%C3%BCn%C3%BCm%C3%BC%2fSayi_15.pdf ( 1 Haziran 2019)
  • Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanlığı. (2019). Petrol. https://www.enerji.gov.tr/tr-TR/Sayfalar/Petrol (1 Haziran 2019)
  • What is Southern Gas Corridor?. (2019). Southern Gas Corridor. https://www.sgc.az/en (1 Haziran 2019)
  • Winrow, Gareth M. (2016). The Anatomy of a Possible Pipeline: The Case of Turkey and Leviathan and Gas Politics in the Eastern Mediterranean. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, Vol. 18, No. 5, 2016. ss.431-447.
  • Yergin, D. (2011). The quest: Energy, security, and the remaking of the modern world. Penguin.
  • Zeniewski, P. (2019). Commentary: A long-term view of natural gas security in the European Union. IEA. https://www.iea.org/newsroom/news/2019/march/a-long-term-view-of-natural-gas-security-in-the-european-union.html (1 Haziran 2019)
Toplam 49 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makale
Yazarlar

Zekiye Nazlı Kansu 0000-0003-1165-3720

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Kansu, Z. N. (2019). ENERJİ ARZ GÜVENLİĞİ BAĞLAMINDA AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ’NİN GÜNEY GAZ KORİDORU VE TÜRKİYE’NİN KONUMU. Kırklareli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 3(3), 288-306.