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Holştayn Süt İneklerinde Doğum Sonrası Sıvı-Elektrolit Ve Enerji Katkısının Fertilite Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1, 68 - 75, 31.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.1417561

Öz

Bu çalışmada süt ineklerinin doğumlarından hemen sonra üç gün boyunca içirilen sıvı-elektrolit ve enerji desteğinin bazı metabolik ve fertilite parametreleri üzerine etkisi araştırıldı. Ticari bir süt işletmesinde aynı çiftlik yönetimi ve besleme programı altında barındırılan Holştayn süt inekleri deneme (n=70) ve kontrol (n=75) olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı. Deneme grubundaki ineklere üç gün boyunca ağızdan 5 kg/gün sıvı-elektrolit ve 20 litre ılık suda eritilmiş enerji takviyesi verilirken, kontrol grubundaki ineklere sadece 20 litre ılık su verildi. Çalışmada kullanılan tüm ineklerin kulak küpesi numaraları kayıt altına alındı ve bir sonraki doğuma kadar takip edildi. Bütün hayvanların kuyruk venalarından postpartum 4. günde kan örnekleri alındı. Deneme grubundaki kan βHBA konsantrasyonunun kontrol grubuna göre daha düşük olduğu belirlendi (p<0.01). Ancak kan NEFA ve glikoz konsantrasyonları deneme ve kontrol grupları arasında farklılık göstermedi (p>0.05). Senkronizasyon oranının deneme grubunda kontrol grubuna göre daha düşük olduğu görüldü (p<0.05). Gebelik oranı gruplar arasında farklılık göstermedi (p>0.05). Kontrol grubunda ise gebelik başına tohumlama sayısı deneme grubuna göre daha yüksek görüldü (p<0.001). Benzer şekilde doğum-gebe kalma aralığı ve buzağılama aralığı da kontrol grubunda daha yüksek olduğu izlendi (p<0.05). Deneme grubunda laktasyon süt veriminin kontrol grubuna göre daha yüksek olduğu belirlendi (p<0.05). Sonuç olarak Holştayn süt ineklerinde doğumdan hemen sonra oral olarak verilen sıvı-elektrolit ve enerji takviyesinin fertilite parametrelerini iyileştirdiği kanısına varıldı.

Etik Beyan

Hayvanlar üzerindeki tüm uygulamalar bölgesel etik kurul kurulu onayına istinaden yapılmıştır (AKUHADYEK 49533702/24).

Kaynakça

  • Akhtar, M. U., Hifzulrahman, Pasha, T. N., Avais, M., Khan, N., Chishti, G. A., Ali, M., Imran, M., Tahir, M. N., & Naveed-Ul-Haque, M. (2023). Effects of peripartal glucose precursor supplementation on lactation performance and metabolic health of primiparous and multiparous dairy cows. Animal Bioscience, 36(6), 869-878.
  • Ammerman., C. B., & Goodrich, R. D. (1983). Advances in mineral nutrition in ruminants. Journal of Animal Sciences, 57 (Suppl 2), 519-533.
  • Ataman, M. B., Erdem, H., Bülbül, B., Haliloğlu, S., Çınar, M., & Aköz, M. (2010). Plasma β-carotene, vitamin A and vitamin C levels in cyclic and pregnant cows. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(4), 579-584.
  • Churakov, M., Karlsson, J., Rasmussen, A. E., & Holtenius, K. (2021). Milk fatty acids as indicators of negative energy balance of dairy cows in early lactation. Animal, 15(7), 100253.
  • Collard, B. L., Boettcher, P. J., Dekkers, J. C. M., Petitclerc, D., & Schaeffer, L. R. (2000). Relationships between energy balance and health traits of dairy cattle in early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science, 83, 2683-2690.
  • Çolakoğlu, H., Yazlik, M., Kaya, U., Kurt, S., Bayramoglu, R., Vural, R., & Kuplulu, S. (2020). Relationship between body condition score, blood metabolites and oxidative stress in transition period and reproductive performance of dairy cows. Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society, 71(1), 2041-2046.
  • Dohoo, I. R., & Martin, S. W. (1984). Subclinical ketosis: Prevalence and associations with production and disease. Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine, 48,1-5.
  • Doreau, M., Journet, M., Marquis, B., Ollier, A., Flechet, J., LeFaivre, R. & Sornet, R. (1981). Variations de la digestibilité de la ration et de quelques paramétres sanguint chez la vache laitiére á proximité do vélage. Bulletine Technique du CRZV Theix, INRA, 44, 17-22.
  • Drackley, J. K., Veenhuizen, J. J., Richard, M. J., & Young, J. W. (1991). Metabolic changes in blood and liver of dairy cows during either feed restriction or administration of 1, 3-butanediol. Journal of Dairy Science, 74(12), 4254-4264.
  • Drackley, J. K. (1999). ADSA Foundation Scholar Award: Biology of dairy cows during the transition period: The final frontier? Journal of Dairy Science, 82, 2259–2273.
  • Duffield, T. (2000). Subclinical ketosis in lactating dairy cattle. Veterinary Clinics of North America, Food Animal Practice, 16(2), 231-253.
  • Enemark, J. M. D., Schimidt, H. B., Jcobsen, J., & Enevoldsen, C. (2009). Failure to improve energy balance or dehydration by drenching transition cows with water and electrolytes at calving. Veterinary Research Communications, 33, 123-137.
  • Goff, J.P., & Horst, R.L. (1994). Calcium salts for treating hypocalcemia: Carrier effects, acid-base balance, and oral versus rectal administration. Journal of Dairy Science, 77, 1451–1456.
  • Gordon, J. L., LeBlanc, S. J., & Duffield, T. F. (2013). Ketosis treatment in lactating dairy cattle. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 29, 433-445.
  • Grummer, R. R. (1995). Impact of changes in organic nutrient metabolism on feeding the transition cow. Journal of Animal Science, 73, 2820–2833.
  • Grummer, R. R. (2007). Strategies to improve fertility of high yielding dairy farms: management of the dry period. Theriogenology, 68, S281-S288.
  • Garverick, H. A., Harris, M. N., Vogel-Bluel, R., Sampson, J. D., Bader, J., Lamberson, W. R., Spain, J. N., Lucy, M. C., & Youngquist, R. S. (2013). Concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids and glucose in blood of periparturient dairy cows are indicative of pregnancy success at first insemination. Journal of Dairy Science, 96(1), 181–188.
  • Herdt, T. H. (2000). Ruminant adaptation to negative energy balance. Influences on the etiology of ketosis and fatty liver. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 16, 215–230.
  • Iwersen, M., Falkenberg, U., Voigtsberger, R., Forderung, D., & Heuwieser, W. (2009). Evaluation of an electronic cowside test to detect subclinical ketosis in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 92, 2618–2624.
  • Jeong, J. K., Choi, I. S., Kang, H. G., Hur, T. Y., Jung, Y. H., & Kim, I. H. (2015) Relationship between serum metabolites, body condition, periand post-partum health and resumption of post-partum cyclicity in dairy cows. Livestock Science, 181, 31–37.
  • Konkol, K., Godden, S., Rapnicki, P., & Overton, M. (2009). Validation of a rapid cow-side test for the measurement of blood beta hydroxybutyrate in fresh cows. In Proceedings 42nd Annual Conference of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners, Omaha, NE. VM Publishing Co., Stillwater, OK , p 190.
  • Lei, M. A. C., & Simões, J. (2021). Invited review: ketosis diagnosis and monitoring in high-producing dairy cows. Dairy, 2(2), 303-325.
  • Lucy, M. C., Staples, L. M. & Thatcher, W. W. (1992). Energy balance and size of and number of ovarian follicles detected by ultrasonography in early postpartum dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 74, 473-482.
  • Mair, B., Drillich M., Klein-Jobstl D. Kanz, P., Borchardt, S., Meyer, L., Schwendenwein, I., & Iwersen, M. (2016). Glucose concentration in capillary blood of dairy cows obtained by a minimally invasive lancet technique and determined with three different hand-held devices, BMC Veterinary Research, 12, 34.
  • McArt, J. A. A., Nydam, D. V., & Oetzel, G. R. (2012). Epidemiology of subclinical ketosis in early lactation dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 95(9), 5056-5066.
  • McArt, J. A. A., Nydam, D. V., Ospina, P. A., & Oetzel, G. R. (2011). A field trial on the effect of propylene glycol on milk yield and resolution of ketosis in fresh cows diagnosed with subclinical ketosis. Journal of Dairy Science, 94, 6011-6020.
  • McLennan, M. W., & Willoughby, R. A. (1973). Observations of serum protein values of cows during oestrus, lactation, parturition and milk fever Canadian. The Veterinary Journal, 14, 233-242.
  • Miyoshi, S., Pate J. L., & Palmquist, D. L. (2001). Effect of propylene glycol drenching on energy balance, plasma glucose, plasma insulin, ovarian function and conception in dairy cows. Animal Reproduction Science, 68, 29-43.
  • Molefe, K., & Mwanza, M. (2020). Effects of mineral supplementation on reproductive performance of pregnant cross-breed Bonsmara cows: An experimental study. Reproduction Domestic Animals, 55, 301-308. National Research Council (2001). Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. National Academies Press.
  • Oetzel, G. R. (2007). Herd-level ketosis–diagnosis and risk factors. In Preconference seminar 7C. Dairy Herd Problem Investigation Strategies: Transition Cow Troubleshooting, American association of bovine practitioners 40th Annual Conference, pp. 67-91, September 19, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
  • Ospina, P. A., Nydam, D. V., Stokol, T., & Overton, T. R. (2010). Association between the proportion of sampled transition cows with increased nonesterified fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyrate and disease incidence, pregnancy rate, and milk production at the herd level. Journal of Dairy Science, 93(8), 3595-3601.
  • Ospina, P. A., Nydam, D. V., Stokol, T., & Overton, T. R. (2010). Associations of elevated nonesterified fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations with early lactation reproductive performance and milk production in transition dairy cattle in the northeastern United States. Journal of Dairy Science, 93(4), 1596-1603.
  • Overton, T. R., McArt, J. A. A., & Nydam, D. V. (2017). A 100-Year Review: Metabolic health indicators and management of dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 100(12), 10398-10417.
  • Overton, T. R., & Waldron, M. R. (2004). Nutritional management of transition dairy cows: strategies to optimize metabolic health. Journal of Dairy Science, 87, E105-E119.
  • Reist, M., Erdin, D. K., von Euw, D., Tschümperlin, K. M., Leuenberger, H., Hammon, H. M., & Blum, J. W. (2003). Postpartum reproductive function: association with energy, metabolic and endocrine status in high yielding dairy cows. Theriogenology, 59(8), 1707-1723.
  • Rutherford, A. J. Oikonomou, G., & Smith, R. F. (2016). The effect of subclinical ketosis on activity at estrus and reproductive performance in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 99(6), 4808-4815.
  • Staples, C. R., Thatcher, W. W. & Clark, J. H. (1990). Relationship between ovarian activity and energy status during the early postpartum period of high producing dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 73(4), 938-947.
  • Stokes, S. R., & Goff, J. P. (2001). Evaluation of calcium propionate and propylene glycol administered into the esophagus of dairy cattle at calving. The Professional Animal Scientist, 17(2), 115-122.
  • Studer, V.A., Grummer, R. R., Bertics, S. J., & Reynolds, C. K. (1993). Effect of propylene glycol administration on periparturient fatty liver in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 76, 2931-2939.
  • Uyarlar, C., Çetingül, S., Gültepe, E. E., Sial, A. R., & Bayram, İ. (2018). Effects of subclinical and clinical ketosis on the incidence of mastitis, metritis, culling rate and some hematological parameters in dairy cows. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 11(2), 186-193.
  • Veena M. P., Gowrakkal, M., Kumar, V. G., Gupta, P., & Swamy, M. N. (2015). Relation of various physiological blood parameters with the postpartum reproductive efficiency in cattle. International Journal of Biomedical Research, 6(10), 780-785.
  • Likittrakulwong, W., Poolprasert, P., Hanthongkul, W., & Roytrakul, S. (2022). Effects of Intramuscular Injections of Vitamins AD3E and C in Combination on Fertility, Immunity, and Proteomic and Transcriptomic Analyses of Dairy Cows during Early Gestation. Biotech (Basel), 11(2), 20.
  • Yazlik, M., Vural, M. R., Küplülü, Ş., & Pekcan, M. (2021). Effect of injectable vitamin and trace element administrations during transition period on fertility in brown Swiss dairy cows. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 14(1), 113-122.
  • Yilmaz, C., Yilmaz, O., & Ucar, M. (2011). Effect of PGF2α and GnRH injections applied before ovsynch on pregnancy rates in cows and heifers. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(4), 641-644.

Effect of Postpartum Drenching of Fluid-Electrolyte and Energy Supplement on Fertility Parameters in Holstein Dairy Cows

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1, 68 - 75, 31.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.1417561

Öz

In this study, the effect of orally given fluid-electrolyte and energy supplementation immediately after the delivery on some metabolic and fertility parameters was investigated. Holstein dairy cows which were housed in a private dairy company under identical management and feeding programs were divided into two groups as experiment (n=70) and control (n=75). Cows in the experiment group were treated by orally given 5 kg fluid-electrolyte and energy supplementation dissolved in 20 litres lukewarm water for three consecutive days, whereas the control group received only the 20 litres of lukewarm water. The ear tag numbers of all cows used in the study were recorded and monitored until next delivery. Blood samples were collected from the coccygeal vein of the cows on the postpartum 4th day. It was determined that the concentrations of βHBA in the experiment group were lower than in the control group (p<0.01). However, the concentrations of NEFA and glucose did not differ between the experiment and the control groups (p>0.05). It was seen that the synchronization rate was lower in the experiment group than that detected in the control group (p<0.05). The pregnancy rate did not differ between groups (p>0.05). Nevertheless, the service number per pregnancy displayed a higher incidence in the control group as compared to the experiment group (p<0.001). Similarly, calving to pregnancy interval and the calving interval was higher in the control group (p<0.05). Total lactation milk yield in the experiment group was higher as compared to the control group (p<0.05). In conclusion, it was observed that orally given fluid-electrolyte and energy supplementation immediately after delivery improved the fertility parameters in Holstein dairy cows.

Etik Beyan

All animal-related procedures were approved by the local ethic committee (approval AKUHADYEK 49533702/24).

Kaynakça

  • Akhtar, M. U., Hifzulrahman, Pasha, T. N., Avais, M., Khan, N., Chishti, G. A., Ali, M., Imran, M., Tahir, M. N., & Naveed-Ul-Haque, M. (2023). Effects of peripartal glucose precursor supplementation on lactation performance and metabolic health of primiparous and multiparous dairy cows. Animal Bioscience, 36(6), 869-878.
  • Ammerman., C. B., & Goodrich, R. D. (1983). Advances in mineral nutrition in ruminants. Journal of Animal Sciences, 57 (Suppl 2), 519-533.
  • Ataman, M. B., Erdem, H., Bülbül, B., Haliloğlu, S., Çınar, M., & Aköz, M. (2010). Plasma β-carotene, vitamin A and vitamin C levels in cyclic and pregnant cows. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(4), 579-584.
  • Churakov, M., Karlsson, J., Rasmussen, A. E., & Holtenius, K. (2021). Milk fatty acids as indicators of negative energy balance of dairy cows in early lactation. Animal, 15(7), 100253.
  • Collard, B. L., Boettcher, P. J., Dekkers, J. C. M., Petitclerc, D., & Schaeffer, L. R. (2000). Relationships between energy balance and health traits of dairy cattle in early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science, 83, 2683-2690.
  • Çolakoğlu, H., Yazlik, M., Kaya, U., Kurt, S., Bayramoglu, R., Vural, R., & Kuplulu, S. (2020). Relationship between body condition score, blood metabolites and oxidative stress in transition period and reproductive performance of dairy cows. Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society, 71(1), 2041-2046.
  • Dohoo, I. R., & Martin, S. W. (1984). Subclinical ketosis: Prevalence and associations with production and disease. Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine, 48,1-5.
  • Doreau, M., Journet, M., Marquis, B., Ollier, A., Flechet, J., LeFaivre, R. & Sornet, R. (1981). Variations de la digestibilité de la ration et de quelques paramétres sanguint chez la vache laitiére á proximité do vélage. Bulletine Technique du CRZV Theix, INRA, 44, 17-22.
  • Drackley, J. K., Veenhuizen, J. J., Richard, M. J., & Young, J. W. (1991). Metabolic changes in blood and liver of dairy cows during either feed restriction or administration of 1, 3-butanediol. Journal of Dairy Science, 74(12), 4254-4264.
  • Drackley, J. K. (1999). ADSA Foundation Scholar Award: Biology of dairy cows during the transition period: The final frontier? Journal of Dairy Science, 82, 2259–2273.
  • Duffield, T. (2000). Subclinical ketosis in lactating dairy cattle. Veterinary Clinics of North America, Food Animal Practice, 16(2), 231-253.
  • Enemark, J. M. D., Schimidt, H. B., Jcobsen, J., & Enevoldsen, C. (2009). Failure to improve energy balance or dehydration by drenching transition cows with water and electrolytes at calving. Veterinary Research Communications, 33, 123-137.
  • Goff, J.P., & Horst, R.L. (1994). Calcium salts for treating hypocalcemia: Carrier effects, acid-base balance, and oral versus rectal administration. Journal of Dairy Science, 77, 1451–1456.
  • Gordon, J. L., LeBlanc, S. J., & Duffield, T. F. (2013). Ketosis treatment in lactating dairy cattle. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 29, 433-445.
  • Grummer, R. R. (1995). Impact of changes in organic nutrient metabolism on feeding the transition cow. Journal of Animal Science, 73, 2820–2833.
  • Grummer, R. R. (2007). Strategies to improve fertility of high yielding dairy farms: management of the dry period. Theriogenology, 68, S281-S288.
  • Garverick, H. A., Harris, M. N., Vogel-Bluel, R., Sampson, J. D., Bader, J., Lamberson, W. R., Spain, J. N., Lucy, M. C., & Youngquist, R. S. (2013). Concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids and glucose in blood of periparturient dairy cows are indicative of pregnancy success at first insemination. Journal of Dairy Science, 96(1), 181–188.
  • Herdt, T. H. (2000). Ruminant adaptation to negative energy balance. Influences on the etiology of ketosis and fatty liver. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 16, 215–230.
  • Iwersen, M., Falkenberg, U., Voigtsberger, R., Forderung, D., & Heuwieser, W. (2009). Evaluation of an electronic cowside test to detect subclinical ketosis in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 92, 2618–2624.
  • Jeong, J. K., Choi, I. S., Kang, H. G., Hur, T. Y., Jung, Y. H., & Kim, I. H. (2015) Relationship between serum metabolites, body condition, periand post-partum health and resumption of post-partum cyclicity in dairy cows. Livestock Science, 181, 31–37.
  • Konkol, K., Godden, S., Rapnicki, P., & Overton, M. (2009). Validation of a rapid cow-side test for the measurement of blood beta hydroxybutyrate in fresh cows. In Proceedings 42nd Annual Conference of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners, Omaha, NE. VM Publishing Co., Stillwater, OK , p 190.
  • Lei, M. A. C., & Simões, J. (2021). Invited review: ketosis diagnosis and monitoring in high-producing dairy cows. Dairy, 2(2), 303-325.
  • Lucy, M. C., Staples, L. M. & Thatcher, W. W. (1992). Energy balance and size of and number of ovarian follicles detected by ultrasonography in early postpartum dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 74, 473-482.
  • Mair, B., Drillich M., Klein-Jobstl D. Kanz, P., Borchardt, S., Meyer, L., Schwendenwein, I., & Iwersen, M. (2016). Glucose concentration in capillary blood of dairy cows obtained by a minimally invasive lancet technique and determined with three different hand-held devices, BMC Veterinary Research, 12, 34.
  • McArt, J. A. A., Nydam, D. V., & Oetzel, G. R. (2012). Epidemiology of subclinical ketosis in early lactation dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 95(9), 5056-5066.
  • McArt, J. A. A., Nydam, D. V., Ospina, P. A., & Oetzel, G. R. (2011). A field trial on the effect of propylene glycol on milk yield and resolution of ketosis in fresh cows diagnosed with subclinical ketosis. Journal of Dairy Science, 94, 6011-6020.
  • McLennan, M. W., & Willoughby, R. A. (1973). Observations of serum protein values of cows during oestrus, lactation, parturition and milk fever Canadian. The Veterinary Journal, 14, 233-242.
  • Miyoshi, S., Pate J. L., & Palmquist, D. L. (2001). Effect of propylene glycol drenching on energy balance, plasma glucose, plasma insulin, ovarian function and conception in dairy cows. Animal Reproduction Science, 68, 29-43.
  • Molefe, K., & Mwanza, M. (2020). Effects of mineral supplementation on reproductive performance of pregnant cross-breed Bonsmara cows: An experimental study. Reproduction Domestic Animals, 55, 301-308. National Research Council (2001). Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. National Academies Press.
  • Oetzel, G. R. (2007). Herd-level ketosis–diagnosis and risk factors. In Preconference seminar 7C. Dairy Herd Problem Investigation Strategies: Transition Cow Troubleshooting, American association of bovine practitioners 40th Annual Conference, pp. 67-91, September 19, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
  • Ospina, P. A., Nydam, D. V., Stokol, T., & Overton, T. R. (2010). Association between the proportion of sampled transition cows with increased nonesterified fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyrate and disease incidence, pregnancy rate, and milk production at the herd level. Journal of Dairy Science, 93(8), 3595-3601.
  • Ospina, P. A., Nydam, D. V., Stokol, T., & Overton, T. R. (2010). Associations of elevated nonesterified fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations with early lactation reproductive performance and milk production in transition dairy cattle in the northeastern United States. Journal of Dairy Science, 93(4), 1596-1603.
  • Overton, T. R., McArt, J. A. A., & Nydam, D. V. (2017). A 100-Year Review: Metabolic health indicators and management of dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 100(12), 10398-10417.
  • Overton, T. R., & Waldron, M. R. (2004). Nutritional management of transition dairy cows: strategies to optimize metabolic health. Journal of Dairy Science, 87, E105-E119.
  • Reist, M., Erdin, D. K., von Euw, D., Tschümperlin, K. M., Leuenberger, H., Hammon, H. M., & Blum, J. W. (2003). Postpartum reproductive function: association with energy, metabolic and endocrine status in high yielding dairy cows. Theriogenology, 59(8), 1707-1723.
  • Rutherford, A. J. Oikonomou, G., & Smith, R. F. (2016). The effect of subclinical ketosis on activity at estrus and reproductive performance in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 99(6), 4808-4815.
  • Staples, C. R., Thatcher, W. W. & Clark, J. H. (1990). Relationship between ovarian activity and energy status during the early postpartum period of high producing dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 73(4), 938-947.
  • Stokes, S. R., & Goff, J. P. (2001). Evaluation of calcium propionate and propylene glycol administered into the esophagus of dairy cattle at calving. The Professional Animal Scientist, 17(2), 115-122.
  • Studer, V.A., Grummer, R. R., Bertics, S. J., & Reynolds, C. K. (1993). Effect of propylene glycol administration on periparturient fatty liver in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 76, 2931-2939.
  • Uyarlar, C., Çetingül, S., Gültepe, E. E., Sial, A. R., & Bayram, İ. (2018). Effects of subclinical and clinical ketosis on the incidence of mastitis, metritis, culling rate and some hematological parameters in dairy cows. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 11(2), 186-193.
  • Veena M. P., Gowrakkal, M., Kumar, V. G., Gupta, P., & Swamy, M. N. (2015). Relation of various physiological blood parameters with the postpartum reproductive efficiency in cattle. International Journal of Biomedical Research, 6(10), 780-785.
  • Likittrakulwong, W., Poolprasert, P., Hanthongkul, W., & Roytrakul, S. (2022). Effects of Intramuscular Injections of Vitamins AD3E and C in Combination on Fertility, Immunity, and Proteomic and Transcriptomic Analyses of Dairy Cows during Early Gestation. Biotech (Basel), 11(2), 20.
  • Yazlik, M., Vural, M. R., Küplülü, Ş., & Pekcan, M. (2021). Effect of injectable vitamin and trace element administrations during transition period on fertility in brown Swiss dairy cows. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 14(1), 113-122.
  • Yilmaz, C., Yilmaz, O., & Ucar, M. (2011). Effect of PGF2α and GnRH injections applied before ovsynch on pregnancy rates in cows and heifers. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(4), 641-644.
Toplam 44 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Veteriner Doğum ve Jinekoloji
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ
Yazarlar

Cangir Uyarlar 0000-0002-7803-2454

Oktay Yılmaz 0000-0002-9722-5155

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 11 Mart 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mart 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Ocak 2024
Kabul Tarihi 6 Mart 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Uyarlar, C., & Yılmaz, O. (2024). Effect of Postpartum Drenching of Fluid-Electrolyte and Energy Supplement on Fertility Parameters in Holstein Dairy Cows. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 17(1), 68-75. https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.1417561
AMA Uyarlar C, Yılmaz O. Effect of Postpartum Drenching of Fluid-Electrolyte and Energy Supplement on Fertility Parameters in Holstein Dairy Cows. kvj. Mart 2024;17(1):68-75. doi:10.30607/kvj.1417561
Chicago Uyarlar, Cangir, ve Oktay Yılmaz. “Effect of Postpartum Drenching of Fluid-Electrolyte and Energy Supplement on Fertility Parameters in Holstein Dairy Cows”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 17, sy. 1 (Mart 2024): 68-75. https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.1417561.
EndNote Uyarlar C, Yılmaz O (01 Mart 2024) Effect of Postpartum Drenching of Fluid-Electrolyte and Energy Supplement on Fertility Parameters in Holstein Dairy Cows. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 17 1 68–75.
IEEE C. Uyarlar ve O. Yılmaz, “Effect of Postpartum Drenching of Fluid-Electrolyte and Energy Supplement on Fertility Parameters in Holstein Dairy Cows”, kvj, c. 17, sy. 1, ss. 68–75, 2024, doi: 10.30607/kvj.1417561.
ISNAD Uyarlar, Cangir - Yılmaz, Oktay. “Effect of Postpartum Drenching of Fluid-Electrolyte and Energy Supplement on Fertility Parameters in Holstein Dairy Cows”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 17/1 (Mart 2024), 68-75. https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.1417561.
JAMA Uyarlar C, Yılmaz O. Effect of Postpartum Drenching of Fluid-Electrolyte and Energy Supplement on Fertility Parameters in Holstein Dairy Cows. kvj. 2024;17:68–75.
MLA Uyarlar, Cangir ve Oktay Yılmaz. “Effect of Postpartum Drenching of Fluid-Electrolyte and Energy Supplement on Fertility Parameters in Holstein Dairy Cows”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, c. 17, sy. 1, 2024, ss. 68-75, doi:10.30607/kvj.1417561.
Vancouver Uyarlar C, Yılmaz O. Effect of Postpartum Drenching of Fluid-Electrolyte and Energy Supplement on Fertility Parameters in Holstein Dairy Cows. kvj. 2024;17(1):68-75.

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