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The Impact of Cyrus Adler on American Judaism

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 10, 85 - 95, 30.06.2020

Öz

Cyrus Adler (d. 1940) holds a unique place in American Judaism for nearly fifty years. Adler, who was one of the founders of the most important publication organization of American Jews, named "The Jewish Publication Society (JPS)", was also among the founders of the organization called "The American Jewish Historical Society" and was the president of this institution for more than twenty years. Adler, who played an important role in the establishment of the organization, which is called "The American Jewish Committee" in 1906, served as the head of this institution until his death between the years of 1929 and 1940. When he was the president (rector) of “Dropsie College”, which is a Jewish educational institution, Adler made this educational institution as one of the important higher education institutions of the United States in the field of Jewish education. While he was the president of the Jewish Theological Seminary (JTS), which is the main educational institution of Conservative Jews, for 25 years, at the same time, he continued his duty at "Dropsie College", He played an important role in the establishment of the synagogue union of the Conservative Jews, "The United Synagogue". Adler has been the sole editor of the annual book of “The American Jewish Year Book" that was published regularly by the American Jews, and "The Jewish Quarterly Review", in those years, which was the only English journal about Jewish studies. Briefly, Adler, as a prominent person with many abilities, has had significant effects on many areas of American Jewish life. In our study these effects of Adler will be emphasized.

Kaynakça

  • Adler, Cyrus. “Paul Haupt.” Journal of the American Oriental Society, Sayı 47 (1927): 1-2.
  • Braunstein, Baruch. “Cyrus Adler: A Biographical Sketch by Abraham A. Neuman.” The Journal of Religion, Sayı 24/3 (July 1944): 231.
  • Bridger, David. The New Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Behrman House, 1962.
  • Cohn–Sherbok, Dan. Dictionary of Jewish Biography. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.
  • Elazar, Daniel J. ve Rela Mintz Geffen. The Conservative Movement in Judaism Dilemmas and Opportunities. New York: State University of New York Press, 2000.
  • Gaustad, Edwin S.. “Response”, American Jewish History, Sayı 78/3 (March 1989): 395-398.
  • Gillman, Neil. Conservative Judaism: The New Century. New Jersey: Behrman House, 1993.
  • Golinkin, David. "Ginzberg, Louis", EJ. VII, ed. Michael Berenbaum ve Fred Skolnik, Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2007, 613 – 614. Karesh, Sara E. ve Mitchell M. Hurvitz. Encyclopedia of Judaism. ed. J. Gordon Melton, New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2006.
  • Kohut, George Alexander. “THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF CYRUS ADLER TO AMERICAN JEWISH HISTORY.” Publications of the American Jewish Historical Society, Sayı 33 (1934): 17 – 42.
  • Myers, David N.. “The Return of the Repressed: Modern Jewish Studies in "JQR." The Jewish Quarterly Review, Sayı 100/3 (Summer 2010): 345-348.
  • Nadell, Pamela S. ve Marc Lee Raphael. Conservative Judaism in America. New York: Greenwood Press, 1988.
  • Norwood, Stephen H. ve Eunice G. Pollack. Encyclopedia of American Jewish History. California: Santa Barbara, ABC- CLIO, I, 2008.
  • Panitz, Michael. “Schorsch, Ismar”, EJ. XVIII, ed. Michael Berenbaum ve Fred Skolnik, Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2007, 165.
  • Penkower, Monty Noam. “The Kishinev Pogrom of 1903: A Turning Point in Jewish History”. Modern Judaism, Sayı 24/3 (Oct., 2004): 187-225.
  • Robinson, Ira. Translating A Tradition: Studies in American Jewish History. Boston: Academic Studies Press, 2008.
  • Robinson, Ira. “Cyrus Adler: President of the Jewish Theological Seminary 1915 – 1940”, ed. J. Wertheimer, Tradition Renewed: A History of The Jewish Theological Seminary of America. I, New York: Jewish Theological Seminary of America (JTS) Press, 1997, 103 – 161.
  • Rosenblum, Herbert. Conservative Judaism: A Contemporary History. New York: United Synagogue of America, 1983.
  • Schorsch, Ismar. “Foreword”, ed. J. Wertheimer, Tradition Renewed: A History of The Jewish Theological Seminary of America. I. New York: Jewish Theological Seminary of America (JTS) Press, 1997, vii.
  • Werthheimer, Jack. “JTS and the Conservative Movement”, ed. J. Wertheimer, Tradition Renewed: A History of The Jewish Theological Seminary of America, II. New York: Jewish Theological Seminary of America (JTS) Press, 1997, 403 – 443.
  • Wigoder, Geoffrey. The New Standard Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Facts On File. Inc., 1992.
  • Wigoder, Geoffrey. The Encyclopedia of Judaism. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1989.
  • Web Siteleri:
  • University of Pennsylvania. “About.” Erişim 15 Mayıs 2020. https://www.upenn.edu/about.
  • Johns Hopkins University. “History.” Erişim 15 Mayıs 2020. https://www.jhu.edu/about/history/.
  • Urban Dictionary. “Semitic.” Erişim 15 Mayıs 2020. https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Semitic.
  • Jewish Virtual Library. “Cyrus Adler.” Erişim 14 Mayıs 2020. https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/cyrus-adler.
  • “American Jewish Historical Society.” Erişim 15 Mayıs 2020. https://www.ajhs.org/.
  • The Jewish Publication Society (JPS). “The JPS Story.” Erişim 15 Mayıs 2020. https://jps.org/about/the-jps-story/. University of Pennsylvania. “Cyrus Adler Papers.” Erişim 14 Mayıs 2020. http://dla.library.upenn.edu/dla/ead/ead.html?id=EAD_upenn_cajs_PUCJSARCMS26USUSUSPUCJS.
  • University of California. “Jewish Encyclopedia.” Erişim 16 Mayıs 2020. https://www.library.ucdavis.edu/database/jewish-encyclopedia/.

Cyrus Adler’in Amerikan Yahudiliğine Etkisi

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 10, 85 - 95, 30.06.2020

Öz

Cyrus Adler (ö. 1940), Amerikan Yahudiliğinde yaklaşık elli yıl süren, eşine az rastlanır bir yere sahiptir. Amerikan Yahudilerinin en önemli yayın organı olan “The Jewish Publication Society (JPS)”in kurucularından olan Adler, aynı zamanda, “The American Jewish Historical Society” adlı organizasyonda da yer almış ve yirmi yılı aşkın süre bu kurumun başkanlığını yapmıştır. 1906 yılında “The American Jewish Committee” adlı organizasyonun kurulmasında önemli bir role sahip olan Adler, 1929 yılından ölümüne (1940) kadar bu kurumun başkanı olarak görev yapmıştır. Adler, bir Yahudi eğitim kurumu olan “Dropsie College”da 32 yıl boyunca başkan (rektör) olduğu dönemde, bu eğitim kurumunu, Yahudilik eğitimi konusunda Amerika’nın önemli yüksek öğretim kurumları arasına sokmuştur. Muhafazakâr Yahudilerin ana eğitim kurumu olan “The Jewish Theological Seminary”de 25 yıl başkanlık (rektör) yaparken, aynı zamanda “Dropsie College”daki görevini de sürdürmüş, başkanlığını da yaptığı Muhafazakâr Yahudilerin sinagoglar birliği olan “The United Synagogue”un kurulmasında önemli rol üstlenmiştir. Adler, Amerikan Yahudilerinin düzenli olarak yayımladıkları yıllık kitap olan; “The American Jewish Year Book” ve (o yıllarda) Yahudi çalışmaları ile ilgili tek İngilizce dergi olan; “The Jewish Quarterly Review”in yıllarca tek başına editörlüğünü yapmıştır. Kısacası Adler, çok yönlü bir kişilik olarak, Amerikan Yahudi hayatının birçok sahasında önemli etkiler bırakmıştır. Çalışmamızda Adler’in bu etkileri üzerinde durulacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Adler, Cyrus. “Paul Haupt.” Journal of the American Oriental Society, Sayı 47 (1927): 1-2.
  • Braunstein, Baruch. “Cyrus Adler: A Biographical Sketch by Abraham A. Neuman.” The Journal of Religion, Sayı 24/3 (July 1944): 231.
  • Bridger, David. The New Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Behrman House, 1962.
  • Cohn–Sherbok, Dan. Dictionary of Jewish Biography. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.
  • Elazar, Daniel J. ve Rela Mintz Geffen. The Conservative Movement in Judaism Dilemmas and Opportunities. New York: State University of New York Press, 2000.
  • Gaustad, Edwin S.. “Response”, American Jewish History, Sayı 78/3 (March 1989): 395-398.
  • Gillman, Neil. Conservative Judaism: The New Century. New Jersey: Behrman House, 1993.
  • Golinkin, David. "Ginzberg, Louis", EJ. VII, ed. Michael Berenbaum ve Fred Skolnik, Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2007, 613 – 614. Karesh, Sara E. ve Mitchell M. Hurvitz. Encyclopedia of Judaism. ed. J. Gordon Melton, New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2006.
  • Kohut, George Alexander. “THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF CYRUS ADLER TO AMERICAN JEWISH HISTORY.” Publications of the American Jewish Historical Society, Sayı 33 (1934): 17 – 42.
  • Myers, David N.. “The Return of the Repressed: Modern Jewish Studies in "JQR." The Jewish Quarterly Review, Sayı 100/3 (Summer 2010): 345-348.
  • Nadell, Pamela S. ve Marc Lee Raphael. Conservative Judaism in America. New York: Greenwood Press, 1988.
  • Norwood, Stephen H. ve Eunice G. Pollack. Encyclopedia of American Jewish History. California: Santa Barbara, ABC- CLIO, I, 2008.
  • Panitz, Michael. “Schorsch, Ismar”, EJ. XVIII, ed. Michael Berenbaum ve Fred Skolnik, Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2007, 165.
  • Penkower, Monty Noam. “The Kishinev Pogrom of 1903: A Turning Point in Jewish History”. Modern Judaism, Sayı 24/3 (Oct., 2004): 187-225.
  • Robinson, Ira. Translating A Tradition: Studies in American Jewish History. Boston: Academic Studies Press, 2008.
  • Robinson, Ira. “Cyrus Adler: President of the Jewish Theological Seminary 1915 – 1940”, ed. J. Wertheimer, Tradition Renewed: A History of The Jewish Theological Seminary of America. I, New York: Jewish Theological Seminary of America (JTS) Press, 1997, 103 – 161.
  • Rosenblum, Herbert. Conservative Judaism: A Contemporary History. New York: United Synagogue of America, 1983.
  • Schorsch, Ismar. “Foreword”, ed. J. Wertheimer, Tradition Renewed: A History of The Jewish Theological Seminary of America. I. New York: Jewish Theological Seminary of America (JTS) Press, 1997, vii.
  • Werthheimer, Jack. “JTS and the Conservative Movement”, ed. J. Wertheimer, Tradition Renewed: A History of The Jewish Theological Seminary of America, II. New York: Jewish Theological Seminary of America (JTS) Press, 1997, 403 – 443.
  • Wigoder, Geoffrey. The New Standard Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Facts On File. Inc., 1992.
  • Wigoder, Geoffrey. The Encyclopedia of Judaism. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1989.
  • Web Siteleri:
  • University of Pennsylvania. “About.” Erişim 15 Mayıs 2020. https://www.upenn.edu/about.
  • Johns Hopkins University. “History.” Erişim 15 Mayıs 2020. https://www.jhu.edu/about/history/.
  • Urban Dictionary. “Semitic.” Erişim 15 Mayıs 2020. https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Semitic.
  • Jewish Virtual Library. “Cyrus Adler.” Erişim 14 Mayıs 2020. https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/cyrus-adler.
  • “American Jewish Historical Society.” Erişim 15 Mayıs 2020. https://www.ajhs.org/.
  • The Jewish Publication Society (JPS). “The JPS Story.” Erişim 15 Mayıs 2020. https://jps.org/about/the-jps-story/. University of Pennsylvania. “Cyrus Adler Papers.” Erişim 14 Mayıs 2020. http://dla.library.upenn.edu/dla/ead/ead.html?id=EAD_upenn_cajs_PUCJSARCMS26USUSUSPUCJS.
  • University of California. “Jewish Encyclopedia.” Erişim 16 Mayıs 2020. https://www.library.ucdavis.edu/database/jewish-encyclopedia/.
Toplam 29 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Yazıları
Yazarlar

Ismaıl Basaran 0000-0003-4408-0842

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Mayıs 2020
Kabul Tarihi 29 Haziran 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Sayı: 10

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Basaran, Ismaıl. “Cyrus Adler’in Amerikan Yahudiliğine Etkisi”. Mizanü’l-Hak: İslami İlimler Dergisi 10 (Haziran 2020), 85-95.