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An Assessment of the Memorandum of Understanding between the United Kingdom and Rwanda for the Provision of An Asylum Partnership Arrangement in the Context of the United Kingdom’s Immigration Policies

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 1, 26 - 48, 01.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.17153/oguiibf.1331220

Öz

Abstract
In this study, the Memorandum of Understanding between the United Kingdom (UK) and Rwanda for the provision of an asylum partnership arrangement is examined both in the context of the legal regulations on refugees and asylum seekers and the UK’s immigration policies. This study aims to reveal the significance of the asylum partnership regarding the UK’s immigration policies and its compliance with the UK’s international legal obligations. According to the findings, while the UK’s intention to transfer asylum seekers to Rwanda is problematic in terms of legal, humanitarian, and ethical dimensions, it serves the UK’s long-term goal of controlling migration.

Kaynakça

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Birleşik Krallık – Ruanda Sığınma Ortaklığı Mutabakatı’nın Birleşik Krallık’ın Göç Politikaları Çerçevesinde Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 1, 26 - 48, 01.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.17153/oguiibf.1331220

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Birleşik Krallık ile Ruanda arasında imzalanan ve göçle küresel anlamda mücadelede öncü bir adım olarak sunulan Sığınma Ortaklığı Mutabakatı, mülteci ve sığınmacılara ilişkin yasal düzenlemeler bağlamında ele alınarak, Birleşik Krallık’ın göçe yönelik politikaları çerçevesinde Birleşik Krallık perspektifinden incelenmektedir. Çalışma, Sığınma Ortaklığı Mutabakatı’nın Birleşik Krallık’ın göç politikaları çerçevesindeki yerini ve Birleşik Krallık’ın uluslararası hukuktan doğan yasal yükümlülüklerine uygun olup olmadığını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre, Birleşik Krallık’ın Sığınma Ortaklığı Mutabakatı kapsamında Ruanda’ya sığınmacı transferi yapması yasal, insani ve etik boyutlarıyla problemli olmakla birlikte, Birleşik Krallık açısından göçün kontrol edilmesi yönündeki uzun vadeli hedefe hizmet etmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Acer, Y.; Kaya, İ. (2014), Uluslararası Hukuk: Temel Ders Kitabı, 5.Baskı, Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Amnesty International UK (2022), “UK: Banishing people seeking asylum to Rwanda is “appalling””, https://www.amnesty.org.uk/press-releases/uk-banishing-people-seeking-asylum-rwanda-appalling, (Erişim: 13.07.2023).
  • Asylum Aid (t.y.), “Rwanda Policiy- Our Legal Fight to Prevent Injustice”, https://www.asylumaid.org.uk/what-we-do/rwanda-litigation, (Erişim: 13.07.2023).
  • Basok, T. (1996), “Refugee Policy: Globalization, Radical Challenge, or State Control?”, Studies in Political Economy, C.50, S. 1: 133-166.
  • Başkan, B; Mehmet E. K. (2022), “Sunuş”, Uluslararası Göç ve Mültecilik, (Ed. B. Başkan ve M. E. Kula), Siyasal Kitapevi: Ankara: 11-14.
  • Bayrak, M. E. (2021), “Uluslararası Hukukta Bağlayıcılık Meselesi: Mutabakat Muhtırası”, Selçuk Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, C. 29, S. 3: 1623-1657.
  • Beirens, H.; Davidoff-Gore, S. (2022), “The UK-Rwanda Agreement Represents Another Blow to Territorial Asylum”, https://www.migrationpolicy.org/news/uk-rwanda-asylum-agreement, (Erişim: 10.07.2023).
  • Bail for Immigration Detainees (2022), “BID and 150+ organisations oppose plans to send people seeking asylum to Rwanda”, https://www.biduk.org/articles/bid-and-150-organisations-oppose-plans-to-send-people-seeking-asylum-to-rwanda-, (Erişim: 10.07.2023).
  • BBC NEWS (2022), “One-way ticket to Rwanda for some UK asylum seekers”, https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-61097114, (Erişim: 23.03.2023).
  • BBC NEWS (2023a), “What is the UK plan to send asylum seekers to Rwanda?”, https://www.bbc.com/news/explainers-61782866, (Erişim: 13.07.2023).
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  • GOV.UK (2022f), “Migration and economic develeopment partnership: ministerial direction”, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/migration-and-economic-development-partnership-ministerial-direction, (Erişim: 23.03.2023).
  • GOV.UK (2022g), “Borders Act to overhaul asylum system becomes law”, https://www.gov.uk/government/news/borders-act-to-overhaul-asylum-system-becomes-law (Erişim: 10.07.2023).
  • GOV.UK (2022h), “Guidance: Country policy and information note: Rwanda, asssessment, May 2022 (accessible)”, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/rwanda-country-policy-and-information-notes/country-policy-and-information-note-rwanda-assessment-may-2022-accessible, (Erişim: 13.07.2023).
  • GOV.UK (2022i), “First migrants set for Rwanda to be given final notice”, https://www.gov.uk/government/news/first-migrants-set-for-rwanda-to-be-given-final-notice (Erişim: 13.07.2023).
  • GOV.UK (2022j), “Treaties and MOUs: Guidance on Practice and Procedures”, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/treaties-and-mous-guidance-on-practice-and-procedures (Erişim: 30.08.2023).
  • GOV.UK (2023), “Official Statistics: Irregular migration to the UK, year ending December 2022”, https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/irregular-migration-to-the-uk-year-ending-december-2022/irregular-migration-to-the-uk-year-ending-december-2022, (Erişim: 04.03.2023).
  • Gower, M.; Butchart, P.; Mcinney, CJ. (2022), “The UK- Rwanda Migration and Economic Development Partnership”, https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-9568/, (Erişim: 11.07.2023).
  • Gregory, J; Seddon, S. (2023), “Rwanda policy: Government committed to deportation plan- Braverman”, https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-66051292, (Erişim: 13.07.2023).
  • Güler, A. “Mülteci Sorunu ve 1951Mültecilerin Hukuki Durumuna İlişkin Sözleşme: Siyasi Gerçeklik ve Normatif Düzen İkilemi”, Uluslararası İlişkiler, C.13, S.51:41-61.
  • Human Rights Watch (2022), “World Report 2022: Rwanda Events of 2021”, https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2022/country-chapters/rwanda#780257, (Erişim: 18.06.2023).
  • Huysmans, J. (2000), “The European Union and the Securitization of Migration”, Journal of Common Market Studies, C.38, S.5: 751-777.
  • International Organization for Migration (2021), “Missing Migrant Project: Annual Regional Overview – Europe (Ocak-Aralık 2021)”, https://missingmigrants.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl601/files/publication/file/MMP%20annual%20regional%20overview%202021%20Europe.pdf, (Erişim: 03.04.2023).
  • Lee, J.; Faulkner, D. (2022), “Rwanda asylum flight cancelled after legal action”, https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-61806383, (Erişim: 13.07.2023).
  • Rojas, J-P. F. (2022), “Migrant crossings: PM defends Rwanda Plan as “the morally right thing to do”, https://news.sky.com/story/migrant-crossings-royal-navy-to-take-over-operational-command-in-channel-from-today-12589851, (Erişim: 10.07.2023).
  • Sabin, L. (2022), “First group of migrants to be told this week they could be deported to Rwanda”, https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/rwanda-deportation-migrants-uk-b2075096.html, (Erişim: 04.04.2023).
  • Sen, P.; Crowley, G.; Arnel, P.; Katona, C.; Pillay, M.; Waterman, L. Z.; Forrester, A. (2022), “The UK’s exportation of asylum obligations to Rwanda: A challenge to mental health, ethics and the law”, Medicine, Science and the Law, C.62, S.3:165-167.
  • Sepli, Ayçe (2022), “Birleşik Krallık’ta Avrupa Şüpheciliği: 2016 Avrupa Birliği Referandumu”, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, Trabzon.
  • Sironi, A.; Bauloz, C.; Emmanuel, M. (2019), International Migration Law: Glossary on Migration, International Organization for Migration (IOM): Geneva.
  • Ssuuna, I; Burke, J. (2022), “Rwandan opposition criticises deal to accept UK’s asylum seekers”, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/apr/14/rwandan-opposition-criticises-deal-to-accept-uks-asylum-seekers, (Erişim: 13.07.2023).
  • Swales, K. (2016), “Understanding the Leave Vote”, https://natcen.ac.uk/our-research/research/understanding-the-leave-vote/, (Erişim: 17.05.2019).
  • Şemşit, S. (2018), “Avrupa Birliği Politikaları Bağlamında Uluslararası Göç Olgusu ve Türleri: Kavramsal Bakış”, Yönetim ve Ekonomi, C.25, S.1:269-289.
  • Taylor, D. (2023b), “Judges urged to block Home Office plans to send refugees to Rwanda”, https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/apr/27/judges-urged-to-block-home-office-plans-to-send-refugees-to-rwanda, (Erişim: 13.07.2023).
  • Taylor, D. (2023b), “Proposed UK laws are labelling refugees as criminals, says European report”, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/25/proposed-uk-laws-are-labelling-refugees-as-criminals-says-european-report, (Erişim: 13.07.2023).
  • Teney, C.; Lacewell, O. P.; De Wilde, P. (2014), “Winners and losers of globalization in Europe: attitudes and ideologies”, European Political Science Review, C.6: 575-595.
  • The Electoral Commission (2016), “The 2016 EU referandum: Report on the 23 June 2016 referendum on the UK’s membership of the European Union”, https://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/who-we-are-and-what-we-do/elections-and-referendums/past-elections-and-referendums/eu-referendum/report-23-june-2016-referendum-uks-membership-european-union, (Erişim: 10.07.2023).
  • Ulusal İstatistik Ofisi (2020), “Dataset: Long-term international migration 2.00, citizenship, UK”,https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/internationalmigration/datasets/longterminternationalmigration200citizenshipuk, (Erişim: 09.07.2023).
  • UNHCR (t.y.), “UNHCR master glossary of terms”, https://www.unhcr.org/glossary, (Erişim: 06.03.2023).
  • UNHCR (2011), “The 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol”, https://www.unhcr.org/about-us/background/4ec262df9/1951-convention-relating-status-refugees-its-1967-protocol.html, (Erişim: 03.04.2023).
  • UNHCR (2013), “Guidance Note on bilateral and/or multilateral transfer arrangements of asylum-seekers”, https://www.refworld.org/docid/51af82794.html, (Erişim: 15.07.2023).
  • UNHCR (2016), ““Refugees” and “Migrants”- Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)”, https://www.unhcr.org/news/stories/refugees-and-migrants-frequently-asked-questions-faqs, (Erişim: 13.04.2023).
  • UNHCR (2022a), “UN Refugee Agency opposes UK plan to export asylum”, https://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2022/4/62585e814/un-refugee-agency-opposes-uk-plan-export-asylum.html (Erişim: 23.03.2023).
  • UNHCR (2022b), “UNHCR Analysis of the Legality and Appropriateness of the Transfer of Asylum Seekers under the UK-Rwanda arrangement”, https://www.unhcr.org/62a317d34, (Erişim: 03.04.2023).
  • UNHCR (2022c). https://twitter.com/Refugees/status/1514699018500292617?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1514699018500292617%7Ctwgr%5Eee60ac16b05657167f3ce79ffb34d98312e191d2%7Ctwcon%5Es1_c10&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Ftr.euronews.com%2F2022%2F04%2F15%2Fbm-ingiltere-nin-duzensiz-gocmenleri-ruanda-ya-gonderme-plan-na-kars-c-kt, (Erişim: 23.03.2023).
  • UNHCR (2023a), “Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2022”, https://www.unhcr.org/global-trends-report-2022, (Erişim: 17.06.2023).
  • United Nations Instraw (2007), “Feminization of Migration”, Gender, Remittances and Development, Working Paper 1, https://www.renate-europe.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Feminization_of_Migration-INSTRAW2007.pdf, (Erişim: 29.08.2023).
  • United Nations Network on Migration (2018), “The principle of non-refoulement under international human rights law”, https://migrationnetwork.un.org/resources/principle-non-refoulement-under-international-human-rights-law, (Erişim: 13.04.2023).
  • UK Parliament (2010), “Controlling Migraiton: Volume 519: debated on Tuesday 23 November 2010”, https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/2010-11-23/debates/10112333000003/ControllingMigration#contribution-101123330001, (Erişim: 09.07.2023).
  • Uygun, A. G. (2022), “Birleşik Krallık’ın Sığınma Politikası: Birleşik Krallık- Ruanda Sığınma Mutabakatı”, (Ed. Seyfettin Aslan, Ömer Taylan ve Ahmet Vedat Koçal), Siyasal Bağlamda Dijitalleşme ve Göç Çalışmaları, Sonçağ Akademi: Ankara: 137-154.
  • Ünlütürk-Ulutaş, Ç.; Kalfa, A. (2009), “Göçün kadınlaşması ve göçmen kadınların örgütlenme deneyimleri,” Fe Dergi: Feminist Eleştiri, C: 1, S:2: 13-28, https://dspace.ankara.edu.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/20.500.12575/62734/13174.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y, (Erişim: 29.08.2023).
  • Vasilopoulou, S. (2016), “UK Euroscepticsm and the Brexit Referandum”, The Political Quarterly, C.87, S.2: 219-227. Vote Leave (2016a), “Michael Gove: ‘The Facts of Life Say Leave’”, http://www.voteleavetakecontrol.org/michael_gove_the_facts_of_life_say_leave.html, (Erişim: 08.04.2021).
  • Vote Leave (2016b), “Restoring public trust in immigration policy - a points-based non-discriminatory immigration system: Statement by Michael Gove, Boris Johnson, Priti Patel, and Gisela Stuart”, http://www.voteleavetakecontrol.org/restoring_public_trust_in_immigration_policy_a_points_based_non_discriminatory_immigration_system.html, (Erişim: 08.04.2021).
  • Vote Leave (2016c), “Vote Leave for a Fairer Britain”, http://www.voteleavetakecontrol.org/vote_leave_for_a_fairer_britain.html, (Erişim: 02.02.2023).
  • Weis, P. (1982), “The Development of Refugee Law”, Michigan Journal of International Law, C.3, S.1: 27-42.
Toplam 70 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Uluslararası Siyaset
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ayçe Sepli 0000-0002-6648-4242

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Nisan 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Temmuz 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Sepli, A. (2024). Birleşik Krallık – Ruanda Sığınma Ortaklığı Mutabakatı’nın Birleşik Krallık’ın Göç Politikaları Çerçevesinde Değerlendirilmesi. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 19(1), 26-48. https://doi.org/10.17153/oguiibf.1331220