Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Gender Differences of Young People’s Altruistic Behaviors: A Public Goods Game Experiment

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 19, 2090 - 2106, 30.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.604333

Öz

Altruism, a social fact described as a
human-specific behavior which assumes observing others’ interest as much as
personal utility or self-sacrifice has recently come to forward as a sensitive
subject that deserves investigation due to expanding technological-based
socialization among the young generation. The present study- oriented on the
altruistic attitude of young people within the framework of experimental
economics and a survey method contained public goods game was applied to
measure altruistic behavior. Public goods game is based on the judgement of
participators regarding how much money they could donate to a fund that would
be shared equally among all participants. In economics science, rational and
selfish individuals are expected to exhibit preferences both to keep money in
their hand and the amount that would come from the public pool. In the study
survey, demographic and cultural characteristics of young people were
investigated in terms of their role on young people’s altruistic behaviors. It
was revealed that gender and fathers’ occupations were found to be
statistically significant in young people’s preferences. As a result of
findings exhibited that personal characteristics of participant young people
were effective on their tendency to show altruistic behavior accordingly on
their economic preferences.



 

Kaynakça

  • Anderson, S. P., Goeree, J.K. and Holt, C.A. (1998) A theoretical analysis of altruism and decision error in public goods games. Journal of Public Economics, 70, 297–323.
  • Anderson, L.R., DiTraglia, F.J. and Gerlach, J.R. (2011). Measuring Altruism in a public goods experiment: a comparison of U.S. and Czech Subjects. Springer Exp Econ, 14, 426–437 doi:10.1007/s10683-011-9274-8
  • Andreoni, J. (1988). Privately provided public goods in a large economy: The limits of altruism. Journal of Public Economics, 35, 57-73.
  • Andreoni, J. (1989). Giving with impure altruism: applications to charity and Ricardian equivalence. Journal of Political Economy, 97(6), 1447-1458.
  • Andreoni, J. (1993). An experimental test of the public goods crowding-out hypothesis. American Economic Review, 83, 1317–1327.
  • Andreoni, J. and Miller, J.H. (1993). Rational cooperation in the finitely repeated prisoner's dilemma: Experimental evidence. Economic Journal, 103, 570-85.
  • Aykırı, M. (2017). Ekonomik büyümenin sürdürülebilirliği ve orta gelir tuzağından çıkışta beşeri sermayenin önemi: yüksek ve üst-orta gelirli ülkeler üzerine bir uygulama. Uluslararası Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3 (4), 683-706.
  • Batson, C.D. (1988). Altruism and prosocial behavior. In Handbook of Social Psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Brañas-Garza, P. and Paz Espinosa, M. (2011). Unraveling public good games. Games, 2, 434-451; doi:10.3390/g2040434
  • Brief, P. and Motowidlo, S.J. (1986) Prosocial organizational behaviors. Academy of Management Review, 11(4), 710-725.
  • Cadsby, C.B. Hamaguchi, Y. Kawagoe, T. Maynes, E. and Fong, S. (2007). Cross-national gender differences in behavior in a threshold public goods game: Japan versus Canada. Journal of Economic Psychology, 28(2), 242–260.
  • Camerer, C. (2003). Behavioral game theory: Experiments in strategic interaction. Princeton University Press.
  • Cason, T. N. Tatsuyoshi, S. and Takehiko, Y. (2002). Voluntary participation and spite in public good provision experiments: An international comparison. Experimental Economics, 5, 133–153.
  • Chowdhury, S.M. and Young, J.J. (2014). Impure altruism or ınequality aversion?: An experimental investigation based on income effects. Journal of Public Economics, 118, 143-150. https://doi.org /10.1016/j.jpubeco.2014.07.003
  • Dilek, S. and Keskin, H. (2018). Paylaşmak güzeldir: Bir ültimatom oyunu uygulaması. BMIJ, 6(4), 822-834 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.-15295/bmij.v6i4.334
  • Erikson, K. and Strimling, P. (2014). Spontaneous associations and label framing have similar effects in the public goods game, Judgment and Decision Making, 9(5), 360-372.
  • Henrich, J. Boyd, R. Bowles, S. et al., (2005). “Economics Man” in cross-cultural perspective: behavioral experiments in 15 small-scale societies. Behavioral and Brian Science, 28(6), 795-815.
  • Herrmann, B. Thöni, C. and Gächter, S. (2008). Antisocial punishment across societies. Science, 319, 1362–1367.
  • Miller, P. J. and Kim, K.S. (1988). Human nature and the development of character: The clash of descriptive and normative elements in John Stuart Mill's educational theory. The Journal of Educational Thought (JET) / Revue de la Pensée Éducative, 22(2), 133-144
  • Lenyard, J. H. (1994). Public goods: A survey of experimental research, Public Economics, 111-193.
  • Moscovici, S. (1972). Society and theory in social psychology. In The Context of Social Psychology: A Critical Assessment. London: Academic Press.
  • Nozick, R. (1974). Anarchy, State, and Utopia. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
  • Offerman, T. Sonnemans, J. and Schram, A. (1996). Value orientations and voluntary contributions in public goods. Economic Journal, 106, 817–845.
  • Offerman, T. (1997). Beliefs and decision rules in public good games – theory and experiments. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business.
  • Vriend, N. (1996). Rational behavior and economic theory. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 29, 263-285.

Gençlerin Diğerkâmlık Davranışında Cinsiyet Farklılıkları: Bir Kamu Malı Oyunu Deneyi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 19, 2090 - 2106, 30.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.604333

Öz

Başkalarının yararını da kendi yararı kadar gözetme
yani fedakârlık olarak da nitelendirilebilecek insana özgü bir olgu olan
diğerkâmlık davranışı, genç neslin teknolojik yeniliklerle birlikte giderek
sosyalleştiği günümüz koşullarında araştırılması gereken hassas bir konu olmuştur.
Gençlerin diğerkâmlık tutumunun, deneysel iktisat kapsamında incelenmesi bu
çalışmanın ana hedefi olmuş ve diğerkâm davranışı ölçmek amacıyla kamu malı
oyunun yer aldığı anket yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Kamu malı oyunu; daha sonra eşit
şekilde paylaşılacak bir toplam meblağ için katılımcıların ellerindeki paranın
ne kadarını vereceklerini tercih etmeleri üzerine kurulurken, ekonomi biliminde
rasyonel davranan ve bencil olan bireylerin hem ellerindeki paraya, hem de
ortak havuzdan gelecek olan tutara sahip olacak tercihlerde bulunması beklenir.
Ankette, gençlerin demografik ve kültürel özelliklerinin diğerkâm
davranışlarındaki rolü de ölçülmüştür. Katılımcıların cinsiyeti ve babalarının
meslek durumunun, tercihlerinde istatistiki olarak anlamlı etkisi olduğu sonucuna
ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular; ankete katılan gençlerin bireysel
özelliklerinin, diğerkâm davranış sergilemesinde ve dolayısıyla ekonomik
tercihlerinde etkili olduğunu göstermiştir.
 

Kaynakça

  • Anderson, S. P., Goeree, J.K. and Holt, C.A. (1998) A theoretical analysis of altruism and decision error in public goods games. Journal of Public Economics, 70, 297–323.
  • Anderson, L.R., DiTraglia, F.J. and Gerlach, J.R. (2011). Measuring Altruism in a public goods experiment: a comparison of U.S. and Czech Subjects. Springer Exp Econ, 14, 426–437 doi:10.1007/s10683-011-9274-8
  • Andreoni, J. (1988). Privately provided public goods in a large economy: The limits of altruism. Journal of Public Economics, 35, 57-73.
  • Andreoni, J. (1989). Giving with impure altruism: applications to charity and Ricardian equivalence. Journal of Political Economy, 97(6), 1447-1458.
  • Andreoni, J. (1993). An experimental test of the public goods crowding-out hypothesis. American Economic Review, 83, 1317–1327.
  • Andreoni, J. and Miller, J.H. (1993). Rational cooperation in the finitely repeated prisoner's dilemma: Experimental evidence. Economic Journal, 103, 570-85.
  • Aykırı, M. (2017). Ekonomik büyümenin sürdürülebilirliği ve orta gelir tuzağından çıkışta beşeri sermayenin önemi: yüksek ve üst-orta gelirli ülkeler üzerine bir uygulama. Uluslararası Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3 (4), 683-706.
  • Batson, C.D. (1988). Altruism and prosocial behavior. In Handbook of Social Psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Brañas-Garza, P. and Paz Espinosa, M. (2011). Unraveling public good games. Games, 2, 434-451; doi:10.3390/g2040434
  • Brief, P. and Motowidlo, S.J. (1986) Prosocial organizational behaviors. Academy of Management Review, 11(4), 710-725.
  • Cadsby, C.B. Hamaguchi, Y. Kawagoe, T. Maynes, E. and Fong, S. (2007). Cross-national gender differences in behavior in a threshold public goods game: Japan versus Canada. Journal of Economic Psychology, 28(2), 242–260.
  • Camerer, C. (2003). Behavioral game theory: Experiments in strategic interaction. Princeton University Press.
  • Cason, T. N. Tatsuyoshi, S. and Takehiko, Y. (2002). Voluntary participation and spite in public good provision experiments: An international comparison. Experimental Economics, 5, 133–153.
  • Chowdhury, S.M. and Young, J.J. (2014). Impure altruism or ınequality aversion?: An experimental investigation based on income effects. Journal of Public Economics, 118, 143-150. https://doi.org /10.1016/j.jpubeco.2014.07.003
  • Dilek, S. and Keskin, H. (2018). Paylaşmak güzeldir: Bir ültimatom oyunu uygulaması. BMIJ, 6(4), 822-834 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.-15295/bmij.v6i4.334
  • Erikson, K. and Strimling, P. (2014). Spontaneous associations and label framing have similar effects in the public goods game, Judgment and Decision Making, 9(5), 360-372.
  • Henrich, J. Boyd, R. Bowles, S. et al., (2005). “Economics Man” in cross-cultural perspective: behavioral experiments in 15 small-scale societies. Behavioral and Brian Science, 28(6), 795-815.
  • Herrmann, B. Thöni, C. and Gächter, S. (2008). Antisocial punishment across societies. Science, 319, 1362–1367.
  • Miller, P. J. and Kim, K.S. (1988). Human nature and the development of character: The clash of descriptive and normative elements in John Stuart Mill's educational theory. The Journal of Educational Thought (JET) / Revue de la Pensée Éducative, 22(2), 133-144
  • Lenyard, J. H. (1994). Public goods: A survey of experimental research, Public Economics, 111-193.
  • Moscovici, S. (1972). Society and theory in social psychology. In The Context of Social Psychology: A Critical Assessment. London: Academic Press.
  • Nozick, R. (1974). Anarchy, State, and Utopia. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
  • Offerman, T. Sonnemans, J. and Schram, A. (1996). Value orientations and voluntary contributions in public goods. Economic Journal, 106, 817–845.
  • Offerman, T. (1997). Beliefs and decision rules in public good games – theory and experiments. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business.
  • Vriend, N. (1996). Rational behavior and economic theory. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 29, 263-285.
Toplam 25 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Kıymet Yavuzaslan 0000-0002-3016-3084

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2019
Kabul Tarihi 12 Eylül 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 19

Kaynak Göster

APA Yavuzaslan, K. (2019). Gender Differences of Young People’s Altruistic Behaviors: A Public Goods Game Experiment. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 13(19), 2090-2106. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.604333