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Sedation and analgesia in patients who need mechanical ventilation in intensive care unit

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 183 - 189, 01.06.2018
https://doi.org/10.21601/ortadogutipdergisi.321197

Öz

Entubated
patients in intensive care unit usually needs medical support to  be in harmony with mechanical ventilation.
Failure to apply proper sedation will result in treatment failure in these
patients. For this reason, intensive care physicians may apply to some agents
to provide sedation and analgesia. The choice of agents is based on many factors
such as the patient's hemodynamics, intracranial pressure, airway dynamics,
drug metabolism. In this review, the most commonly used agents for this purpose
and the reasons why agents are preferred or not will be mentioned.

Kaynakça

  • KAYNAKLAR 1. Walder, B. and M.R. Tramèr, Analgesia and sedation in critically ill patients. Swiss medical weekly, 2004. 134(23/24): p. 333-346.
  • 2. Puntillo, K.A., et al., Symptoms experienced by intensive care unit patients at high risk of dying. Critical care medicine, 2010. 38(11): p. 2155.
  • 3. Desbiens, N.A., et al., Pain and satisfaction with pain control in seriously ill hospitalized adults: findings from the SUPPORT research investigations. Critical care medicine, 1996. 24(12): p. 1953-1961.
  • 4. Novaes, M., et al., Stressors in ICU: patients’ evaluation. Intensive Care Medicine, 1997. 23(12): p. 1282-1285.
  • 5. Ahlers, S.J., et al., Comparison of different pain scoring systems in critically ill patients in a general ICU. Critical Care, 2008. 12(1): p. 1.
  • 6. Brook, A.D., et al., Effect of a nursing-implemented sedation protocol on the duration of mechanical ventilation. Critical care medicine, 1999. 27(12): p. 2609-2615.
  • 7. Brattebø, G., et al., Effect of a scoring system and protocol for sedation on duration of patients’ need for ventilator support in a surgical intensive care unit. Quality and Safety in Health Care, 2004. 13(3): p. 203-205.
  • 8. Bernard De Jonghe, M., et al., Sedation algorithm in critically ill patients without acute brain injury. Crit Care Med, 2005. 33(1): p. 120-27.
  • 9. Chanques, G., et al., Impact of systematic evaluation of pain and agitation in an intensive care unit. Critical care medicine, 2006. 34(6): p. 1691-1699.
  • 10. Redmond Jr, D. and J. Krystal, Multiple mechanisms of withdrawal from opioid drugs. Annual review of neuroscience, 1984. 7(1): p. 443-478.
  • 11. Cox, B., M. Ginsburg, and O. Osman, Acute tolerance to narcotic analgesic drugs in rats. British journal of pharmacology and chemotherapy, 1968. 33(2): p. 245-256. 12. Kissin, I., P.T. Brown, and E. Bradley Jr, Magnitude of acute tolerance to opioids is not related to their potency. Anesthesiology, 1991. 75(5): p. 813-816.
  • 13. Tagaito, Y., S. Isono, and T. Nishino, Upper airway reflexes during a combination of propofol and fentanyl anesthesia. The Journal of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, 1998. 88(6): p. 1459-1466.
  • 14. Yaster, M., S. Kost-Byerly, and L.G. Maxwell, Opioid agonists and antagonists. Pain in infants, children, and adolescents. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2003: p. 181-224.
  • 15. drugs.com. Morphine. https://www.drugs.com/morphine.html 2016 [cited 2016 24.11.2016].
  • 16. Smith, M., Neuroexcitatory effects of morphine and hydromorphone: evidence implicating the 3‐glucuronide metabolites. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, 2000. 27(7): p. 524-528.
  • 17. Brown, B.R., et al., Narcotic analgesics in anuric patients. The Journal of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, 1975. 42(6): p. 745-747.
  • 18. Hanna, M., et al., Analgesic efficacy and CSF pharmacokinetics of intrathecal morphine-6-glucuronide: comparison with morphine. British journal of anaesthesia, 1990. 64(5): p. 547-550.
  • Primary Sources Secondary Sources Uncategorized References 1. Walder, B. and M.R. Tramèr, Analgesia and sedation in critically ill patients. Swiss medical weekly, 2004. 134(23/24): p. 333-346. 2. Puntillo, K.A., et al., Symptoms experienced by intensive care unit patients at high risk of dying. Critical care medicine, 2010. 38(11): p. 2155. 3. Desbiens, N.A., et al., Pain and satisfaction with pain control in seriously ill hospitalized adults: findings from the SUPPORT research investigations. Critical care medicine, 1996. 24(12): p. 1953-1961. 4. Novaes, M., et al., Stressors in ICU: patients’ evaluation. Intensive Care Medicine, 1997. 23(12): p. 1282-1285. 5. Ahlers, S.J., et al., Comparison of different pain scoring systems in critically ill patients in a general ICU. Critical Care, 2008. 12(1): p. 1. 6. Brook, A.D., et al., Effect of a nursing-implemented sedation protocol on the duration of mechanical ventilation. Critical care medicine, 1999. 27(12): p. 2609-2615. 7. Brattebø, G., et al., Effect of a scoring system and protocol for sedation on duration of patients’ need for ventilator support in a surgical intensive care unit. Quality and Safety in Health Care, 2004. 13(3): p. 203-205. 8. Bernard De Jonghe, M., et al., Sedation algorithm in critically ill patients without acute brain injury. Crit Care Med, 2005. 33(1): p. 120-27. 9. Chanques, G., et al., Impact of systematic evaluation of pain and agitation in an intensive care unit. Critical care medicine, 2006. 34(6): p. 1691-1699. 10. Redmond Jr, D. and J. Krystal, Multiple mechanisms of withdrawal from opioid drugs. Annual review of neuroscience, 1984. 7(1): p. 443-478. 11. Cox, B., M. Ginsburg, and O. Osman, Acute tolerance to narcotic analgesic drugs in rats. British journal of pharmacology and chemotherapy, 1968. 33(2): p. 245-256. 12. Kissin, I., P.T. Brown, and E. Bradley Jr, Magnitude of acute tolerance to opioids is not related to their potency. Anesthesiology, 1991. 75(5): p. 813-816. 13. Tagaito, Y., S. Isono, and T. Nishino, Upper airway reflexes during a combination of propofol and fentanyl anesthesia. The Journal of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, 1998. 88(6): p. 1459-1466. 14. Yaster, M., S. Kost-Byerly, and L.G. Maxwell, Opioid agonists and antagonists. Pain in infants, children, and adolescents. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2003: p. 181-224. 15. drugs.com. Morphine. https://www.drugs.com/morphine.html 2016 [cited 2016 24.11.2016]. 16. Smith, M., Neuroexcitatory effects of morphine and hydromorphone: evidence implicating the 3‐glucuronide metabolites. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, 2000. 27(7): p. 524-528. 17. Brown, B.R., et al., Narcotic analgesics in anuric patients. The Journal of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, 1975. 42(6): p. 745-747. 18. Hanna, M., et al., Analgesic efficacy and CSF pharmacokinetics of intrathecal morphine-6-glucuronide: comparison with morphine. British journal of anaesthesia, 1990. 64(5): p. 547-550. 19. Lindena, G., H. Arnau, and J. Liefhold, Hydromorphon–pharmakologische Eigenschaften und therapeutische Wirksamkeit. Der Schmerz, 1998. 12(3): p. 195-204. 20. Hidromorfonn 2016 17.11.2016; Available from: http://reference.medscape.com/drug/dilaudid-hydromorphone-343313.
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Yoğun bakımda mekanik ventilasyon uygulanan hastalarda sedasyon ve analjezi

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 183 - 189, 01.06.2018
https://doi.org/10.21601/ortadogutipdergisi.321197

Öz


Yoğun bakımda
entübe takip edilen hastaların mekanik ventilasyona uyum sağlamaları çoğu zaman
medikal destek gerektirir. Uygun sedasyonun uygulanmaması bu hastalarda tedavi
başarısızlığına neden olacaktır.  Bu nedenle
yoğun bakım hekimleri sedasyon ve analjezi sağlamak için bazı ajanlara
başvurabilirler. Ajanların seçimleri hastanın hemodinamisi, kafa içi
basıncı,  havayolu dinamikleri, ilacı
metabolize edebilme durumu gibi birçok durum göz önünde bulundurularak yapılır.
Bu derlemede bu amaçla en sık kullanılan ajanlar ve ajanların tercih edilme ya
da edilmeme nedenlerinden bahsedilecektir.

Kaynakça

  • KAYNAKLAR 1. Walder, B. and M.R. Tramèr, Analgesia and sedation in critically ill patients. Swiss medical weekly, 2004. 134(23/24): p. 333-346.
  • 2. Puntillo, K.A., et al., Symptoms experienced by intensive care unit patients at high risk of dying. Critical care medicine, 2010. 38(11): p. 2155.
  • 3. Desbiens, N.A., et al., Pain and satisfaction with pain control in seriously ill hospitalized adults: findings from the SUPPORT research investigations. Critical care medicine, 1996. 24(12): p. 1953-1961.
  • 4. Novaes, M., et al., Stressors in ICU: patients’ evaluation. Intensive Care Medicine, 1997. 23(12): p. 1282-1285.
  • 5. Ahlers, S.J., et al., Comparison of different pain scoring systems in critically ill patients in a general ICU. Critical Care, 2008. 12(1): p. 1.
  • 6. Brook, A.D., et al., Effect of a nursing-implemented sedation protocol on the duration of mechanical ventilation. Critical care medicine, 1999. 27(12): p. 2609-2615.
  • 7. Brattebø, G., et al., Effect of a scoring system and protocol for sedation on duration of patients’ need for ventilator support in a surgical intensive care unit. Quality and Safety in Health Care, 2004. 13(3): p. 203-205.
  • 8. Bernard De Jonghe, M., et al., Sedation algorithm in critically ill patients without acute brain injury. Crit Care Med, 2005. 33(1): p. 120-27.
  • 9. Chanques, G., et al., Impact of systematic evaluation of pain and agitation in an intensive care unit. Critical care medicine, 2006. 34(6): p. 1691-1699.
  • 10. Redmond Jr, D. and J. Krystal, Multiple mechanisms of withdrawal from opioid drugs. Annual review of neuroscience, 1984. 7(1): p. 443-478.
  • 11. Cox, B., M. Ginsburg, and O. Osman, Acute tolerance to narcotic analgesic drugs in rats. British journal of pharmacology and chemotherapy, 1968. 33(2): p. 245-256. 12. Kissin, I., P.T. Brown, and E. Bradley Jr, Magnitude of acute tolerance to opioids is not related to their potency. Anesthesiology, 1991. 75(5): p. 813-816.
  • 13. Tagaito, Y., S. Isono, and T. Nishino, Upper airway reflexes during a combination of propofol and fentanyl anesthesia. The Journal of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, 1998. 88(6): p. 1459-1466.
  • 14. Yaster, M., S. Kost-Byerly, and L.G. Maxwell, Opioid agonists and antagonists. Pain in infants, children, and adolescents. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2003: p. 181-224.
  • 15. drugs.com. Morphine. https://www.drugs.com/morphine.html 2016 [cited 2016 24.11.2016].
  • 16. Smith, M., Neuroexcitatory effects of morphine and hydromorphone: evidence implicating the 3‐glucuronide metabolites. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, 2000. 27(7): p. 524-528.
  • 17. Brown, B.R., et al., Narcotic analgesics in anuric patients. The Journal of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, 1975. 42(6): p. 745-747.
  • 18. Hanna, M., et al., Analgesic efficacy and CSF pharmacokinetics of intrathecal morphine-6-glucuronide: comparison with morphine. British journal of anaesthesia, 1990. 64(5): p. 547-550.
  • Primary Sources Secondary Sources Uncategorized References 1. Walder, B. and M.R. Tramèr, Analgesia and sedation in critically ill patients. Swiss medical weekly, 2004. 134(23/24): p. 333-346. 2. Puntillo, K.A., et al., Symptoms experienced by intensive care unit patients at high risk of dying. Critical care medicine, 2010. 38(11): p. 2155. 3. Desbiens, N.A., et al., Pain and satisfaction with pain control in seriously ill hospitalized adults: findings from the SUPPORT research investigations. Critical care medicine, 1996. 24(12): p. 1953-1961. 4. Novaes, M., et al., Stressors in ICU: patients’ evaluation. Intensive Care Medicine, 1997. 23(12): p. 1282-1285. 5. Ahlers, S.J., et al., Comparison of different pain scoring systems in critically ill patients in a general ICU. Critical Care, 2008. 12(1): p. 1. 6. Brook, A.D., et al., Effect of a nursing-implemented sedation protocol on the duration of mechanical ventilation. Critical care medicine, 1999. 27(12): p. 2609-2615. 7. Brattebø, G., et al., Effect of a scoring system and protocol for sedation on duration of patients’ need for ventilator support in a surgical intensive care unit. Quality and Safety in Health Care, 2004. 13(3): p. 203-205. 8. Bernard De Jonghe, M., et al., Sedation algorithm in critically ill patients without acute brain injury. Crit Care Med, 2005. 33(1): p. 120-27. 9. Chanques, G., et al., Impact of systematic evaluation of pain and agitation in an intensive care unit. Critical care medicine, 2006. 34(6): p. 1691-1699. 10. Redmond Jr, D. and J. Krystal, Multiple mechanisms of withdrawal from opioid drugs. Annual review of neuroscience, 1984. 7(1): p. 443-478. 11. Cox, B., M. Ginsburg, and O. Osman, Acute tolerance to narcotic analgesic drugs in rats. British journal of pharmacology and chemotherapy, 1968. 33(2): p. 245-256. 12. Kissin, I., P.T. Brown, and E. Bradley Jr, Magnitude of acute tolerance to opioids is not related to their potency. Anesthesiology, 1991. 75(5): p. 813-816. 13. Tagaito, Y., S. Isono, and T. Nishino, Upper airway reflexes during a combination of propofol and fentanyl anesthesia. The Journal of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, 1998. 88(6): p. 1459-1466. 14. Yaster, M., S. Kost-Byerly, and L.G. Maxwell, Opioid agonists and antagonists. Pain in infants, children, and adolescents. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2003: p. 181-224. 15. drugs.com. Morphine. https://www.drugs.com/morphine.html 2016 [cited 2016 24.11.2016]. 16. Smith, M., Neuroexcitatory effects of morphine and hydromorphone: evidence implicating the 3‐glucuronide metabolites. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, 2000. 27(7): p. 524-528. 17. Brown, B.R., et al., Narcotic analgesics in anuric patients. The Journal of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, 1975. 42(6): p. 745-747. 18. Hanna, M., et al., Analgesic efficacy and CSF pharmacokinetics of intrathecal morphine-6-glucuronide: comparison with morphine. British journal of anaesthesia, 1990. 64(5): p. 547-550. 19. Lindena, G., H. Arnau, and J. Liefhold, Hydromorphon–pharmakologische Eigenschaften und therapeutische Wirksamkeit. Der Schmerz, 1998. 12(3): p. 195-204. 20. Hidromorfonn 2016 17.11.2016; Available from: http://reference.medscape.com/drug/dilaudid-hydromorphone-343313.
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Toplam 85 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Özlem Özkan Kuşcu

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Özkan Kuşcu Ö. Yoğun bakımda mekanik ventilasyon uygulanan hastalarda sedasyon ve analjezi. otd. 2018;10(2):183-9.

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