SUALTI ARKEOLOJİK KÜLTÜR VARLIKLARININ IN SITU KORUMA YÖNTEMLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 33, 191 - 214, 01.06.2024

Hiranur Gültekin Namık Kılıç

https://doi.org/10.18603/sanatvetasarim.1375920

Öz

Sualtı kültür varlıklarının in situ olarak korunması, 2001 yılından beri uluslararası projeler kapsamında etkileri değerlendirilen bir çalışma alanıdır. 2001 yılında kabul edilen, UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)’nun uluslararası ‘Sualtı Kültür Mirasının Korunması Sözleşmesi’nde in situ koruma yönteminin tercih edilmesi gereken ilk yöntem olması gerektiği yönünde öneriler bulunmaktadır. Bir sualtında in situ koruma yapılmasına karar verildiğinde sit alanında kültür varlıkları üzerinde etkili olan; fiziksel, kimyasal, biyolojik çevresel risk unsurları ile alanda etkili olan insan kaynaklı risk faktörleri, koruma yönteminin seçiminde önem taşımaktadır. Farklı çevresel koşullar farklı koruma yöntemlerinin korunmasını gerektirmektedir. Bu çalışmada; denizel ortamda kültür varlıkları üzerinde etkili olan fiziksel, kimyasal, biyolojil ve insan kaynaklı risk faktörleri incelenmiştir. Bu risk faktörlerine karşı in situ koruma konusunda kullanılan ve uluslararası projeler ile etkinlikleri test edilen koruma yöntemleri incelenerek bu yöntemlerin karşılaştırması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Böylece Türkiye’de in situ koruma çalışmaları yapan ya da yapacak olan uzmanlar için bir kaynak oluşturmak hedeflenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sualtı kültür varlıkları, in situ koruma, önleyici koruma, bozulma faktörleri, arkeolojik kültürel miras

Kaynakça

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