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PATIENT SAFETY CULTURE: THE CASE OF AN EDUCATION AND RESEARCH HOSPITAL

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 224 - 240, 31.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.55050/sarad.1297905

Öz

This study aims to examine the positive perception levels of patient safety culture among the healthcare workers of a training and research hospital. This study is research in cross-sectional and descriptive design. The study was conducted with 326 healthcare workers aged 19 to 63 years at a training and research hospital in İstanbul. Safety culture in the hospital was assessed using the Turkish version of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture developed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Convenience sampling method was used to select the study group. Before the research, the required sample size was examined using G*Power (3.1.9.7) program. According to the power analysis (95% confidence (1-α), 0.05 (α) significance level, 95% test power (1-β) and effect size=0.56, two-tailed), the smallest sample size was determined as 104. Based on the expectation of missing data or irregular response, data were collected from 326 participants. IBM’s SPSS version 24 package program for Windows was used for all statistical analyses. The results were evaluated at 95% confidence interval and α=0.05 significance level. The overall mean score for positive perception of patient safety culture was 50.62±13.3% (95% confidence interval: 50.62-52.07). Among the 12 dimensions, the dimension with the highest percentage of positive responses defining it as the only strength was teamwork within hospital units. The dimensions identified as weaknesses were staffing, non-punitive response to errors, frequency of reporting errors, keeping communication open, hospital interventions and change, and feedback and communication about errors, respectively. Many healthcare workers have negative perceptions of the patient safety culture in their organizations. Hospital managers must create a positive safety culture based on mutual trust and open communication, prioritizing patient safety and promoting preventive approaches.

Kaynakça

  • KAYNAKÇA AHRQ-Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (2012). Erişim Adresi: https://www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/professionals/quality-patient-safety/patientsafetyculture/hospital/2012/hospsurv121.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 08.03.2023.
  • Ajzen, İ. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179¬–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
  • Alonso-Sardón, M., Sáez-Lorenzo, M., Chamorro, A. J., Fernández-Martín, L. C., İglesias-de-Sena, H., González-Núñez, V., ... & Mirón-Canelo, J. A. (2022). Adverse Effects in Patients with İntellectual and Developmental Disabilities Hospitalized at the University Clinical Hospital. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 12(11), 1898. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12111898
  • Anderson, J. G., Ramanujam, R., Hensel, D. J., & Sirio, C. A. (2010). Reporting trends in a regional medication error data-sharing system. Health Care Management Science, 13, 74–83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10729-009-9111-1
  • Antonakos, I., Souliotis, K., Psaltopoulou, T., Tountas, Y., & Kantzanou, M. (2021). Patient safety culture assessment in primary care settings in Greece. In Healthcare (9), 7, 880. MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9070880
  • Arabloo, J., Rezapour, A., Ebadi, F. A. F., & Mobasheri, Y. (2012). Measuring patient safety culture in İran using the Hospital survey on patient safety culture (HSOPS): an exploration of survey reliability and validity. İnternational Journal of Hospital Research 1(1),15–27.
  • Astier-Peña, M. P., Torijano-Casalengua, M. L., Olivera-Cañadas, G., Silvestre-Busto, C., Agra-Varela, Y., & Maderuelo-Fernández, J. Á. (2015). Are Spanish primary care professionals aware of patient safety?. The European Journal of Public Health, 25(5), 781–787. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckv066
  • Badgery-Parker, T., Pearson, S. A., Dunn, S., & Elshaug, A. G. (2019). Measuring hospital-acquired complications associated with low-value care. JAMA Internal Medicine, 179(4), 499–505. https://10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.7464
  • Baker, G. R., Norton, P. G., Flintoft, V., Blais, R., Brown, A., Cox, J., ... & Tamblyn, R. (2004). The Canadian Adverse Events Study: the incidence of adverse events among hospital patients in Canada. Cmaj, 170(11), 1678–1686. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.1040498
  • Basson, T., Montoya, A., Neily, J., Harmon, L., & Watts, B. V. (2021). İmproving patient safety culture: a report of a multifaceted intervention. Journal of Patient Safety, 17(8), e1097–e1104.
  • Batalha, E. M. S. D. S., & Melleiro, MM. (2015). Cultura de segurança do paciente em um hospital de ensino: diferenças de percepção existentes nos diferentes cenários dessa instituição. Texto & Contexto-Enfermagem, 24, 432–441. https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-07072015000192014
  • Batalha, E. M. S. D. S., & Melleiro, MM. (2017). Gestão hospitalar e cultura de segurança do paciente na percepção da equipe de enfermagem. Rev. Baiana Saúde Pública, 40(2016). https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2016.v40.n0.a2670
  • Berber, N., & Sarı, M. (2010). Kavramsal değişime dayalı öğretim stratejilerinin fizik dersine yönelik bazı duyuşsal özelliklerin gelişimine etkisi. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2), 45–64.
  • Boan, D. M., Nadzam, D., & Clapp Jr, J. R. (2012). The impact of variance in perception of the organization on capacity to improve in hospital work groups. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 16(3), 206. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0028547
  • Bodur, S., & Filiz, E. (2010). Validity and reliability of Turkish version of hospital survey on patient safety culture and perception of patient safety in public hospitals in Turkey. BMC Health Services Research, 10, 28–39.
  • Carver, N., Gupta, V., & Hipskind, J. E. (2022). Medical error. İn StatPearls [İnternet]. Stat Pearls Publishing.
  • Clapper, T. C., & Ching, K. (2020). Debunking the myth that the majority of medical errors are attributed to communication. Medical Education, 54(1), 74–81. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.13821
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd Ed.). hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
  • Colla, J. B., Bracken, A. C., Kinney, L. M., & Weeks, W. B. (2005). Measuring patient safety climate: a review of surveys. BMJ Quality & Safety, 14(5), 364–366. https://doi.org/10.1136/qshc.2005.014217
  • Eltarhuni, A. S., Tawfeeq, H. O., & El-Abidi, J. S. (2020). Assessment of patient safety culture in benghazi children's hospital from the viewpoint of nursing staff. Libyan Journal of Medical Sciences, 4(4), 179.
  • Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A. G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G* Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior research methods, 41(4), 1149-1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
  • Frank JR, Brien S, (2008). The Safety Competencies: Enhancing Patient Safety Across the Health Professions. Ottawa, ON: Canadian Patient Safety Institute.
  • Frankel, A. S., Leonard, M. W., & Denham, C. R. (2006). Fair and just culture, team behavior, and leadership engagement: The tools to achieve high reliability. Health Services Research, 41(4p2), 1690–1709.
  • Frellick, M. (2016). Medical Error İs Third Leading Cause of Death in US Marcia Frellick. Medscape.
  • Gözlu, K., & Kaya, S. (2016). Patient safety culture as perceived by nurses in a Joint Commission İnternational Accredited Hospital in Turkey and its comparison with Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Data. Journal of Patient Safety & Quality İmprovement, 4(4), 441–449.
  • Griffiths, P., Dall’Ora, C., Simon, M., Ball, J., Lindqvist, R., Rafferty, A. M., ... & Aiken, L. H. (2014). Nurses’ shift length and overtime working in 12 European countries: the association with perceived quality of care and patient safety. Medical care, 52(11), 975. https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0000000000000233
  • Güneş, Ü. Y., Gürlek, Ö., & Sönmez, M. (2016). A survey of the patient safety culture of hospital nurses in Turkey. Collegian, 23(2), 225–232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2015.02.005
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HASTA GÜVENLİĞİ KÜLTÜRÜ: BİR EĞİTİM ARAŞTIRMA HASTANESİ ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 224 - 240, 31.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.55050/sarad.1297905

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı bir eğitim araştırma hastanesi sağlık çalışanlarının hasta güvenliği kültürü olumlu algı düzeylerini incelemektir. Bu çalışma kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı türde bir araştırmadır. Araştırma İstanbul ilinde bir eğitim ve araştırma hastanesinde çalışan yaşları 19 ile 63 yaş arasında değişen 326 sağlık çalışanı ile yürütülmüştür. Hastanedeki güvenlik kültürü, Sağlık Araştırma ve Kalite Ajansı (AHRQ) tarafından geliştirilen ve Hasta Güvenliği Kültürü Hastane Anketi Türkçe versiyonu kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma grubunun seçiminde olasılığa dayalı olmayan kolayda örnekleme yöntemi seçilmiştir. Araştırma öncesinde gerekli örneklem büyüklüğü G*Power (3.1.9.7) programı kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Güç analizinde %95 güven (1-α), 0,05 (α) anlamlılık düzeyinde, %95 test gücü (1-β) ve d=0.56 (orta etki) etki büyüklüğü, çift kuyruklu iki bağımsız ortalamalar arasındaki fark t testi (iki grup) analizine göre en küçük örnek sayısı 104 olarak belirlenmiştir. Eksik veri veya düzensiz yanıt beklentisine dayanarak 326 katılımcıdan veri toplanmıştır. Tüm istatistiksel analizler için Windows için IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) 24 sürümü paket programı kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar %95’lik güven aralığında, α=0.05 anlamlılık düzeyinde değerlendirilmiştir. Hasta güvenliği kültürüne ilişkin olumlu algı için genel ortalama puan %50,62±13,3(%95 güven aralığı: 50,62-52,07). 12 boyut arasında tek güçlü yön olarak tanımlayan olumlu yanıt yüzdesinin en yüksek olduğu boyut, hastane ünite içi ekip çalışmasıdır. Zayıf yönler olarak tanımlanan boyutlar ise sırası ile personel sağlama, hataya karşı cezalandırıcı olmayan yanıt, hataların raporlanma sıklığı, iletişimin açık tutulması, hastane müdahaleleri ve değişim ile hatalar hakkında geribildirim ve iletişimdir. Birçok sağlık çalışanı, kurumlarındaki hasta güvenliği kültürüne yönelik olumsuz algılara sahiptir. Hastane yöneticilerinin, hasta güvenliğine en yüksek önceliğin verilmesi ve önleyici yaklaşımların teşvik edilmesi yoluyla karşılıklı güvene dayalı, açık iletişimi esas alan pozitif bir güvenlik kültürü yaratmaları gerekir.

Kaynakça

  • KAYNAKÇA AHRQ-Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (2012). Erişim Adresi: https://www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/professionals/quality-patient-safety/patientsafetyculture/hospital/2012/hospsurv121.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 08.03.2023.
  • Ajzen, İ. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179¬–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
  • Alonso-Sardón, M., Sáez-Lorenzo, M., Chamorro, A. J., Fernández-Martín, L. C., İglesias-de-Sena, H., González-Núñez, V., ... & Mirón-Canelo, J. A. (2022). Adverse Effects in Patients with İntellectual and Developmental Disabilities Hospitalized at the University Clinical Hospital. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 12(11), 1898. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12111898
  • Anderson, J. G., Ramanujam, R., Hensel, D. J., & Sirio, C. A. (2010). Reporting trends in a regional medication error data-sharing system. Health Care Management Science, 13, 74–83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10729-009-9111-1
  • Antonakos, I., Souliotis, K., Psaltopoulou, T., Tountas, Y., & Kantzanou, M. (2021). Patient safety culture assessment in primary care settings in Greece. In Healthcare (9), 7, 880. MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9070880
  • Arabloo, J., Rezapour, A., Ebadi, F. A. F., & Mobasheri, Y. (2012). Measuring patient safety culture in İran using the Hospital survey on patient safety culture (HSOPS): an exploration of survey reliability and validity. İnternational Journal of Hospital Research 1(1),15–27.
  • Astier-Peña, M. P., Torijano-Casalengua, M. L., Olivera-Cañadas, G., Silvestre-Busto, C., Agra-Varela, Y., & Maderuelo-Fernández, J. Á. (2015). Are Spanish primary care professionals aware of patient safety?. The European Journal of Public Health, 25(5), 781–787. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckv066
  • Badgery-Parker, T., Pearson, S. A., Dunn, S., & Elshaug, A. G. (2019). Measuring hospital-acquired complications associated with low-value care. JAMA Internal Medicine, 179(4), 499–505. https://10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.7464
  • Baker, G. R., Norton, P. G., Flintoft, V., Blais, R., Brown, A., Cox, J., ... & Tamblyn, R. (2004). The Canadian Adverse Events Study: the incidence of adverse events among hospital patients in Canada. Cmaj, 170(11), 1678–1686. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.1040498
  • Basson, T., Montoya, A., Neily, J., Harmon, L., & Watts, B. V. (2021). İmproving patient safety culture: a report of a multifaceted intervention. Journal of Patient Safety, 17(8), e1097–e1104.
  • Batalha, E. M. S. D. S., & Melleiro, MM. (2015). Cultura de segurança do paciente em um hospital de ensino: diferenças de percepção existentes nos diferentes cenários dessa instituição. Texto & Contexto-Enfermagem, 24, 432–441. https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-07072015000192014
  • Batalha, E. M. S. D. S., & Melleiro, MM. (2017). Gestão hospitalar e cultura de segurança do paciente na percepção da equipe de enfermagem. Rev. Baiana Saúde Pública, 40(2016). https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2016.v40.n0.a2670
  • Berber, N., & Sarı, M. (2010). Kavramsal değişime dayalı öğretim stratejilerinin fizik dersine yönelik bazı duyuşsal özelliklerin gelişimine etkisi. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2), 45–64.
  • Boan, D. M., Nadzam, D., & Clapp Jr, J. R. (2012). The impact of variance in perception of the organization on capacity to improve in hospital work groups. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 16(3), 206. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0028547
  • Bodur, S., & Filiz, E. (2010). Validity and reliability of Turkish version of hospital survey on patient safety culture and perception of patient safety in public hospitals in Turkey. BMC Health Services Research, 10, 28–39.
  • Carver, N., Gupta, V., & Hipskind, J. E. (2022). Medical error. İn StatPearls [İnternet]. Stat Pearls Publishing.
  • Clapper, T. C., & Ching, K. (2020). Debunking the myth that the majority of medical errors are attributed to communication. Medical Education, 54(1), 74–81. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.13821
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd Ed.). hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
  • Colla, J. B., Bracken, A. C., Kinney, L. M., & Weeks, W. B. (2005). Measuring patient safety climate: a review of surveys. BMJ Quality & Safety, 14(5), 364–366. https://doi.org/10.1136/qshc.2005.014217
  • Eltarhuni, A. S., Tawfeeq, H. O., & El-Abidi, J. S. (2020). Assessment of patient safety culture in benghazi children's hospital from the viewpoint of nursing staff. Libyan Journal of Medical Sciences, 4(4), 179.
  • Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A. G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G* Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior research methods, 41(4), 1149-1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
  • Frank JR, Brien S, (2008). The Safety Competencies: Enhancing Patient Safety Across the Health Professions. Ottawa, ON: Canadian Patient Safety Institute.
  • Frankel, A. S., Leonard, M. W., & Denham, C. R. (2006). Fair and just culture, team behavior, and leadership engagement: The tools to achieve high reliability. Health Services Research, 41(4p2), 1690–1709.
  • Frellick, M. (2016). Medical Error İs Third Leading Cause of Death in US Marcia Frellick. Medscape.
  • Gözlu, K., & Kaya, S. (2016). Patient safety culture as perceived by nurses in a Joint Commission İnternational Accredited Hospital in Turkey and its comparison with Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Data. Journal of Patient Safety & Quality İmprovement, 4(4), 441–449.
  • Griffiths, P., Dall’Ora, C., Simon, M., Ball, J., Lindqvist, R., Rafferty, A. M., ... & Aiken, L. H. (2014). Nurses’ shift length and overtime working in 12 European countries: the association with perceived quality of care and patient safety. Medical care, 52(11), 975. https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0000000000000233
  • Güneş, Ü. Y., Gürlek, Ö., & Sönmez, M. (2016). A survey of the patient safety culture of hospital nurses in Turkey. Collegian, 23(2), 225–232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2015.02.005
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2013). Multivariate Data Analysis: Pearson Education Limited. Haugen, A. S., Søfteland, E., Eide, G. E., Nortvedt, M. W., Aase, K., & Harthug, S. (2010). Patient safety in surgical environments: cross-countries comparison of psychometric properties and results of the Norwegian version of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety. BMC Health Services Research, 10(1), 1–10.
  • Hellings, J., Schrooten, W., Klazinga, N., & Vleugels, A. (2007). Challenging patient safety culture: survey results. İnternational Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, 20(7), 620–632.
  • Helo, S., & Moulton, CE. (2017). Complications: acknowledging, managing, and coping with human error. Translational Andrology and Urology, 6(4), 773–782. https://doi.org/10.21037/tau.2017.06.28
  • Hofer, T. P., Kerr, E. A., & Hayward, R. A. (2000). What is an error?. Effective clinical practice, 3(6).
  • Joint Commission Resources, İnc. (2007). Front line of defense: the role of nurses in preventing sentinel events. Joint Commission on. 442. Erişim Adresi: https://store.jcrinc.com/front-line-of-defense-the-role-of-nurses-in-preventing-sentinel-events-3rd-edition/ Erişim Tarihi: 08.03.2023.
  • Kohn L.T., Corrigan J.M., & Donaldson M.S. (eds.): (2000) To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000.
  • Landrigan, C. P., Parry, G. J., Bones, C. B., Hackbarth, A. D., Goldmann, D. A., & Sharek, P. J. (2010). Temporal trends in rates of patient harm resulting from medical care. New England Journal of Medicine, 363(22), 2124–2134. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsa1004404
  • Makary, M.A., & Daniel, M. (2016). Medical error-the third leading cause of death in the US. BMJ, 353, i2139. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i2139
  • McFadden, K. L., Stock, G. N., Gowen, C. R., & Cook, P. (2006). Exploring strategies for reducing hospital errors. Journal of Healthcare Management, 51(2), 123.
  • Nieva, V. F., & Sorra, J. (2003). Safety culture assessment: a tool for improving patient safety in healthcare organizations. BMJ Quality & Safety, 12(2), ii17–ii23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/qhc.12.suppl_2.ii17
  • Norman, G. R., Monteiro, S. D., Sherbino, J., İlgen, J. S., Schmidt, H. G., & Mamede, S. (2017). The causes of errors in clinical reasoning: cognitive biases, knowledge deficits, and dual process thinking. Academic Medicine, 92(1), 23–30. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000001421
  • Olsen, E. (2008). Quality and safety improvement research: methods and research practice from the İnternational Quality İmprovement Research Network (QİRN).
  • Oyebode, F. (2013). Clinical errors and medical negligence. Medical Principles and Practice, 22(4), 323–333. https://doi.org/10.1159/000346296
  • Pagano RR. (2009). Understanding Statistics in the Behavioral Sciences. Belmont: Wadsworth, Cengage Learnin, p.267–277.
  • Pfeiffer, Y., & Manser, T. (2010). Development of the German version of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture: Dimensionality and psychometric properties. Safety Science, 48(10), 1452–1462.
  • Reis, C. T., Paiva, S. G., & Sousa, P. (2018). The patient safety culture: a systematic review by characteristics of hospital survey on patient safety culture dimensions. İnternational Journal for Quality in Health Care, 30(9), 660–677.https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzy080
  • Sandars, J., & Cook, G. (Eds.). (2009). ABC of patient safety. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Sarac, C., Flin, R., Mearns, K., & Jackson, J. (2011). Hospital survey on patient safety culture: psychometric analysis on a Scottish sample. BMJ Quality & Safety, 20(10), 842–848.
  • Schein, E. H. (1990). Organizational culture. American Psychological Association, 45(2), 109-19. http://ciow.org/docsB/Schein(1990)OrganizationalCulture.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 08.03.2023.
  • Smits, M., Christiaans-Dingelhoff, İ., Wagner, C., van der Wal, G., & Groenewegen, P. P. (2008). The psychometric properties of the'Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture'in Dutch hospitals. BMC Health Services Research, 8(1), 1–9.
  • Sorra, J. S., & Dyer, N. (2010). Research article Multilevel psychometric properties of the AHRQ hospital survey on patient safety culture.
  • Sorra, J., Famolaro, T., Dyer, N., Khanna, K., & Nelson, D. (2011). Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture 2011comparative database report, appendixes, parts İİ and İİİ (Appendixes for AHRQ Publication No. 11- 0030). (Prepared by Westat, Rockville, MD, under contract No. HHSA 290200710024C). Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; April 2011.
  • The İnstitute for Healthcare İmprovement-İHİ (2013). Patient Safety Dictionary, Natoinal Patient Safety Foundation. Erişim Adresi: http://www.npsf.org/?page=dictionarynz Erişim Tarihi: 07.03.2023.
  • Wami, S. D., Demssie, A. F., Wassie, M. M., & Ahmed, A. N. (2016). Patient safety culture and associated factors: A quantitative and qualitative study of healthcare workers’ view in Jimma zone Hospitals, Southwest Ethiopia. BMC health services research, 16(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-016-1757-z
  • Waterson, P., Griffiths, P., Stride, C., Murphy, J., & Hignett, S. (2010). Psychometric properties of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture: findings from the UK. Quality and Safety in Health Care, 19(5), e2–e2.
  • Weingart, N. S., Wilson, R. M., Gibberd, R. W., & Harrison, B. (2000). Epidemiology of medical error. BMJ, 320(7237), 774–777. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.320.7237.774
  • Weingart, S. N., & Page, D. (2004). İmplications for practice: challenges for healthcare leaders in fostering patient safety. BMJ Quality & Safety, 13( 2), ii52–ii56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/qshc.2003.009621
  • WHO (2009). Human Factors in patient safety: Review of topics and tools. 2009. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/patientsafety/research/methods_measures/human_factors/human_factors_review.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 23.03.2023.
  • WHO (2013). Patient Safety. Erişim Adresi: http://www.euro.who.int/en/what-we-do/health-topics/Health-systems/patient-safety Erişim Tarihi: 07.03.2023.
  • Yılmaz, A., & Duygulu, S. (2019). Hemşirelerin Hasta Güvenliği Kültürü Algılarının ve Etkileyen Faktörlerin İncelenmesi. Sağlık ve Hemşirelik Yönetimi Dergisi, 3(6), 171-185. https://doi.org/10.5222/SHYD.2019.79553
  • Yücenur, G. N., Demirel, N. C., Ceylan, C., & Demirel, T. (2011). Hizmet değerinin müşterilerin davranışsal niyetleri üzerindeki etkisinin yapısal eşitlik modeli ile ölçülmesi. Dogus University Journal, 12 (1), 156–168.
Toplam 58 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Psikolojide Davranış-Kişilik Değerlendirmesi, Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Arzu Bulut 0000-0001-7362-5667

Halil Şengül 0000-0001-5745-0369

Züleyha Çelik 0009-0005-4600-6760

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 8 Temmuz 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Temmuz 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Mayıs 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Bulut, A., Şengül, H., & Çelik, Z. (2023). HASTA GÜVENLİĞİ KÜLTÜRÜ: BİR EĞİTİM ARAŞTIRMA HASTANESİ ÖRNEĞİ. Sağlık Ve Sosyal Refah Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 224-240. https://doi.org/10.55050/sarad.1297905


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