Road kills of amphibian and reptile species in Edirne and Kırklareli Provinces of Turkey
Yıl 2019,
Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 109 - 121, 18.12.2019
Ufuk Bülbül
,
Ali İhsan Eroğlu
Bilal Kutrup
,
Muammer Kurnaz
,
Halime Koç
,
Yasemin Odabaş
Öz
Many wild animals are exposed to
road-kills in the world. Amphibians and reptiles which live near the roads are
the most endangered groups among vertebrates related to the road-kills. However,
there are only few studies related road-kills of amphibians and reptiles in
Turkey. We recorded 23 individuals (6 amphibian individuals belonging to 2
species and 17 reptile individuals belonging to 9 species) exposed to
road-kills on the E87 highway on 18-22 June of 2016 in Kırklareli province
while we found 134 individuals (114 amphibian individuals belonging to 3
species and 20 reptile individuals belonging to 8 species) killed on the E90
highway on 22-25 June of the same year in Edirne province The individuals
killed more often belonged to Pelophylax
ridibundus and Bufotes variabilis
in Edirne province while the species more affected by road-kills were Pelophylax ridibundus, Lacerta trilineata, Dolichophis caspius and Testudo
graeca in Kırklareli province. The
results of this short-term study show that there is a need for long-term
studies to show that amphibians and reptiles exposed to road-kills are very
common.
Kaynakça
- [1] Gibbons JW, Scott DE, Ryan TJ, Buhlmann KA, Tuberville TD, Metts BS, Greene JL, Mills T, Leiden Y, Poppy S, Winne CT, 2000. The global decline of reptiles, Déjà Vu Amphibians: reptile species are declining on a global scale. Six significant threats to reptile populations are habitat loss and degradation, introduced invasive species, environmental pollution, disease, unsustainable use, and global climate change Bioscience, 50: 653-66.
- [2] Meek R, 2009. Patterns of reptile road-kills in the Vendée region of western France Herpetologıcal Journal, 19: 135-142.
- [3] Beebee TJC, 2013. Effects of Road Mortality and Mitigation Measures on Amphibian Populations Conservation Biology, doi:10.1111/cobi.12063/ abstract.
- [4] Andrews KM, Langen TA, Struijk RPJH, 2015. Reptiles: overlooked but often at risk from roads Handbook road ecology. West Sussex: Wiley.
- [5] Rytwinski T, Fahrig L, 2015. The impacts of roads and traffic on terrestrial animal populations. Handbook road ecology West Sussex: Wiley.
- [6] Forman RT, Sperling D, Bissonette JA, Clevenger AP, Cutshall CD, Dale VH, Fahrig L, France R, Goldman CR, Heanue K, Jones JA, Swanson FJ, Turrentine T, Winter TC, 2003. Road ecology: science and solutions Washington: Island Press.
- [7] Maschio GF, Santos-Costa MC, Prudente AL, 2016. Road-kills of snakes in a tropical rainforest in the Central Amazon Basin, Brazil South American Journal of Herpetology, 11: 46-53.
- [8] Rosen PC, Lowe CH, 1994. Highway mortality of snakes in the Sonoran Desert of southern Arizona Biological Conservation, 68: 143-148.
- [9] Seiler A, Helldin J, Seiler C, 2004. Road mortality in Swedish mammals: results of a drivers’ questionnaire, Wildlife Biology, 10(3): 225-233.
- [10] Caceres NC, 2011. Biological characteristics influence mammal road kill in an Atlantic Forest-Cerrado interface in south-western Brazil Italian Journal of Zoology, 78(3): 379-389.
- [11] Kiziroğlu İ, Erdoğan A, Turan L, 2013. Biological diversity and its threats in Turkey Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 21(3): 770-778.
- [12] Goodman SM, Pidgeon M, O’Connor SO, 1994. Mass mortality of Madagascar radiated tortoise caused by road construction Oryx, 28: 115-118.
- [13] Haxton T, 2000. Road mortality of snapping turtles, Chelydra serpentina, in central Ontario during their nesting period Canadian Field Naturalist, 114: 106-110.
- [14] Gibbs JW, Shriver WG, 2002. Estimating the effects of road mortality on turtle populations Conservation Biology, 16: 1647-1652.
- [15] Szerlag S, McRobert SP, 2006. Road occurrence and mortality of the northern diamond back terrapin Applied Herpetology, 3: 27-37.
- [16] Row JR, Blouin-Demers G, Weatherhead PJ, 2007. Demographic effects of road mortality in black rat snakes (Elaphe obsolete) Biological Conservation, 137: 117-124.
- [17] Oxley DJ, Fenton MB, Carmody GR, 1974. The Effects of Roads on Populations of Small Mammals Journal of Applied Ecology, 11(1): 51-59.
- [18] Clarke GP, White PCL, Harris S, 1998. Effects of roads on badger Meles meles populations in south-west England Biological Conservation, 86: 117-124.
- [19] Trombulak SC, Frissell CA, 2000. Review of ecological effects of roads on terrestrial and aquatic communities Conservation Biology, 14: 18-30.
- [20] Clevenger AP, Chruszcz B, Gunson KE, 2003. Spatial patterns and factors influencing small vertebrate fauna road-kill aggregations, Biological Conservation, 109: 15-26.
- [21] Jaeger J, Fahrig L, 2004. Effects of road fencing on population persistence Conservation Biology, 18(6): 1651-1657.
- [22] Pinowski J, 2005. Road kills of Vertebrates in Venezuela Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 22(1): 191-196.
- [23] Rico A, Kindlmann P, Sedláček F, 2007. Barrier effects of roads on movements of small mammals Folia Zoologica, 56(1): 1-12.
- [24] Coffin AW, 2007. From roadkill to road ecology: a review of the ecological effects of roads, Journal of Transport Geography, 15: 396-406.
- [25] Fahrig L, Rytwinski T, 2009. Effects of roads on animal abundance: an empirical review and synthesis Ecology and Society, 14: 21.
- [26] Van Langevelde F, Van Dooremalen C, Jaarsma CF, 2009. Traffic mortality and the role of minor roads Journal of Environmental Management, 90: 660-667.
- [27] Benítez-López A, Alkemade R, Verweij PA, 2010. The impacts of roads and other infrastructure on mammal and bird populations: a meta-analysis Biological Conservation, 143: 1307-1316.
- [28] Tok CV, Ayaz D, Çiçek K, 2011. Road mortality of amphibians and reptiles in the Anatolian part of Turkey Turkish Journal of Zoology, 35(6): 851-857.
- [29] Saklaurs M, Baltmanis R, 2014. The Effect of Roads on the Movement of Large and Mid-sized Mammals Environmental and Climate Technologies, 23-29.
- [30] Özcan AU, Özkazanç NK, 2017. Identifying the hotspots of wildlife-vehicle collision on the Çankırı-Kırıkkale highway during summer Turkish Journal of Zoology, 41: 722-730.
- [31] Sillero N, 2008. Amphibian mortality levels on Spanish country roads: descriptive and spatial analysis Amphibia Reptilia, 29: 337-47.
- [32] Shepard DB, Dreslik MJ, Jellen BC, Phillips CA, 2008. Reptile road mortality around an oasis in the Illinois Corn Desert with emphasis on the endangered eastern massasauga Copeia, 2008: 350-359.
- [33] Matos C, Sillero N, Argana E, 2012. Spatial analysis of amphibian road mortality levels in northern Portugal country roads Amphibia Reptilia, 33: 469-83.
- [34] Cosentino BJ, Marsh DM, Jones KS, Apodaca JJ, Bates C, Beach J, Beard KH, Becklin K, Bell JM, Crockett C, Fawson G, Fjelsted J, Forys EA, Genet KS, Grover M, Holmes J, Indeck K, Karraker NE, Kilpatrick ES, Langen TA, Mugel SG, Molina A, Vonesh JR, Weaver RJ, Willey A, 2014. Citizen science reveals widespread negative effects of roads on amphibian distributions Biological Conservation, 180: 31-38.
- [35] Köhler G, Cedeño-Vázquez JR, Beutelspacher-García PM, 2016. The chetumal snake census: generating biological data from road-killed snakes. Part, 1 Mesoamerican Herpetology 3: 640-660.
- [36] López-Herrera DF, León-Yusti M, Guevara-Molina SC, Vargas-Salinas F, 2016. Reptiles en corredores biológicos y mortalidad por atropellamiento vehicular en Barbas-Bremen, departamento del Quindío, Colombia Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, 40: 484-493.
- [37] Heigl F, Laaha G, Zaller J, 2017. Amphibian and reptile road-kills on tertiary roads in relation to landscape structure: Using a citizen science approach with open-access land cover data BMC Ecology, 17: 24.
- [38] Ramos E, Meza-Joya FL, 2018. Reptile road mortality in a fragmented landscape of the middle Magdalena Valley, Colombia Herpetology Notes, 11: 81-91.
- [39] Glista DJ, DeVault TL, DeWoody JA, 2007. Vertebrate road mortality predominantly impacts amphibians Herpetological Conservation and Biology, 3(1): 77-87.
- [40] Garrah E, Danby RK, Eberhardt E, Cunnington GM, Mitchell S 2015. Hot spots and hot times: wildlife road mortality in a regional conservation corridor Environmental Management, 56(4): 874-889.
- [41] Ciesiołkiewicz J, Orłowski G, Elżanowski A, 2006. High juvenile mortality of grass snakes Natrix natrix (L.) on a suburban road Polish Journal of Ecology, 54(3): 465-472.
- [42] Orłowski G, 2007. Spatial distribution and seasonal pattern in road mortality of the common toad Bufo bufo in an agricultural landscape of south-western Poland Amphibia- Reptilia, 28(1): 25-31.
- [43] Santos X, Llorente GA, Montori A, Carretero MA, Franch M, Garriga N, Richter-Boix A, 2007. Evaluating factors affecting amphibian mortality on roads: the case of the Common Toad Bufo bufo, near a breeding place Animal Biodiversity and Conservation, 30(1): 97-104.
- [44] Elzanowski A, Ciesiołkiewicz J, Kaczor M, Radwańska J, Urban R, 2009. Amphibian road mortality in Europe: a meta-analysis with new data from Poland European Journal of Wildlife Research, 55: 33-43.
- [45] Brzeziński M, Eliava G, Żmihorski M, 2012. Road mortality of pond-breeding amphibians during spring migrations in the Mazurian Lakeland, NE Poland European Journal of Wildlife Research, 58: 685-693.
- [46] Hartel T, Moga IC, Öllerer K, Puky M, 2009. Spatial and temporal distribution of amphibian road mortality with a Rana dalmatina and Bufo bufo predominance along the middle section of the Târnava Mare basin, Romania North-Western Journal of Zoology, 5(1): 130-141.
- [47] Cicort-Lucaciu AŞ, Covaciu-Marcov SD, Bogdan HV, Sas I, 2012. Implication upon herpetofauna of a Road and its Reconstruction in Carei Plain Natural Protected Area (Romania) Ecologia Balkanica, 4(1): 99-105.
- [48] Covaciu-Marcov SD, Ferenţi S, Ghira I, Sas I, 2012. High road mortality of Dolichophis caspius in southern Romania. Is this a problem? What can we do? North-Western Journal of Zoology, 8(2): 370-373.
- [49] Ashley PE, Robinson JT, 1996. Road Mortality of Amphibian, Reptile and Other Wildlife on the Long Point Causeway, Lake Erie, Ontario Canadian Field-Naturalist, 110(3): 403-412.
- [50] Gryz J, Krauze D, 2008. Mortality of vertebrates on a road crossing Biebrza Valley (NE Poland) European Journal of Wildlife Research, 54: 709-714.
- [51] Goldingay RL, Taylor BD, 2006. How many frogs are killed on a road in North-east New South Wales Australian Zoologist, 33(3): 332-336.
- [52] De la Ossa Nadjar O, De la Ossa-VJ, 2013. Fauna silvestre atropellada en dos vías principales que rodean los Montes de María, Sucre, Colombia Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal, 5: 158-164.
- [53] De la Ossa-Nadjar D, De La Ossa-VJ, 2015. Vehicle collisions with wild fauna on the two roads that pass through the Montes de María, Sucre, Colombia Revista UDCA Actualidad and Divulgación Científica, 18: 503-511.
- [54] De la Ossa-VJ, Galván-Guevara S, 2015. Registro de mortalidad de fauna silvestre por colisión vehicular en la carretera Toluviejo–ciénaga La Caimanera, Sucre, Colombia Biota Colombiana, 16: 67-77.
- [55] Monroy MC, 2015. Tasa de atropellamiento de fauna silvestre en la vía San Onofre María la baja, Caribe Colombiano Revista de la Asociacion Colombiana de Ciencias Biologicas, 27: 88-95.
Türkiye’nin Edirne ve Kırklareli İllerindeki Amfibi ve Sürüngen Türlerinin Yol Ölümleri
Yıl 2019,
Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 109 - 121, 18.12.2019
Ufuk Bülbül
,
Ali İhsan Eroğlu
Bilal Kutrup
,
Muammer Kurnaz
,
Halime Koç
,
Yasemin Odabaş
Öz
Dünyada birçok yaban hayvanı yol ölümlerine maruz kalmaktadır. Omurgalılar arasında yol ölümleri ile ilgili olarak en fazla tehlike altında olan hayvan grupları yol kenarlarında yaşayan amfibi ve sürüngenlerdir. Ancak, amfibi ve sürüngenlerin Türkiye’deki yol ölümleri ile ilgili az sayıda çalışma vardır. Kırklareli ilinde E87 karayolunda 18-22 Haziran 2016 tarihlerinde yol ölümüne maruz kalan 23 ölü bireyi (2 türe ait 6 amfibi bireyi ve 9 türe ait 17 sürüngen bireyi) kayıt altına alırken, Edirne ilindeki Enez-İpsala karayolunda ise aynı yılın 22-25 Haziran günlerinde 134 bireyi (3 amfibi türüne ait 114 birey ve 8 sürüngen türüne ait 20 birey) ölü olarak bulduk. Edirne ilinde en fazla ölü bireyi bulunan türler Pelophylax ridibundus ve Bufotes variabilis olurken, Kırklareli ilinde yol ölümlerinden en fazla etkilenen türler Pelophylax ridibundus, Lacerta trilineata, Dolichophis caspius ve Testudo graeca’dır. Kısa süreli bir dönemde gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmanın sonuçları, yol ölümlerine maruz kalan amfibi ve sürüngenlerin çok olduğunu gösterecek uzun dönemli çalışmaların yapılmasına ihtiyaç olduğunu göstermektedir
Kaynakça
- [1] Gibbons JW, Scott DE, Ryan TJ, Buhlmann KA, Tuberville TD, Metts BS, Greene JL, Mills T, Leiden Y, Poppy S, Winne CT, 2000. The global decline of reptiles, Déjà Vu Amphibians: reptile species are declining on a global scale. Six significant threats to reptile populations are habitat loss and degradation, introduced invasive species, environmental pollution, disease, unsustainable use, and global climate change Bioscience, 50: 653-66.
- [2] Meek R, 2009. Patterns of reptile road-kills in the Vendée region of western France Herpetologıcal Journal, 19: 135-142.
- [3] Beebee TJC, 2013. Effects of Road Mortality and Mitigation Measures on Amphibian Populations Conservation Biology, doi:10.1111/cobi.12063/ abstract.
- [4] Andrews KM, Langen TA, Struijk RPJH, 2015. Reptiles: overlooked but often at risk from roads Handbook road ecology. West Sussex: Wiley.
- [5] Rytwinski T, Fahrig L, 2015. The impacts of roads and traffic on terrestrial animal populations. Handbook road ecology West Sussex: Wiley.
- [6] Forman RT, Sperling D, Bissonette JA, Clevenger AP, Cutshall CD, Dale VH, Fahrig L, France R, Goldman CR, Heanue K, Jones JA, Swanson FJ, Turrentine T, Winter TC, 2003. Road ecology: science and solutions Washington: Island Press.
- [7] Maschio GF, Santos-Costa MC, Prudente AL, 2016. Road-kills of snakes in a tropical rainforest in the Central Amazon Basin, Brazil South American Journal of Herpetology, 11: 46-53.
- [8] Rosen PC, Lowe CH, 1994. Highway mortality of snakes in the Sonoran Desert of southern Arizona Biological Conservation, 68: 143-148.
- [9] Seiler A, Helldin J, Seiler C, 2004. Road mortality in Swedish mammals: results of a drivers’ questionnaire, Wildlife Biology, 10(3): 225-233.
- [10] Caceres NC, 2011. Biological characteristics influence mammal road kill in an Atlantic Forest-Cerrado interface in south-western Brazil Italian Journal of Zoology, 78(3): 379-389.
- [11] Kiziroğlu İ, Erdoğan A, Turan L, 2013. Biological diversity and its threats in Turkey Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 21(3): 770-778.
- [12] Goodman SM, Pidgeon M, O’Connor SO, 1994. Mass mortality of Madagascar radiated tortoise caused by road construction Oryx, 28: 115-118.
- [13] Haxton T, 2000. Road mortality of snapping turtles, Chelydra serpentina, in central Ontario during their nesting period Canadian Field Naturalist, 114: 106-110.
- [14] Gibbs JW, Shriver WG, 2002. Estimating the effects of road mortality on turtle populations Conservation Biology, 16: 1647-1652.
- [15] Szerlag S, McRobert SP, 2006. Road occurrence and mortality of the northern diamond back terrapin Applied Herpetology, 3: 27-37.
- [16] Row JR, Blouin-Demers G, Weatherhead PJ, 2007. Demographic effects of road mortality in black rat snakes (Elaphe obsolete) Biological Conservation, 137: 117-124.
- [17] Oxley DJ, Fenton MB, Carmody GR, 1974. The Effects of Roads on Populations of Small Mammals Journal of Applied Ecology, 11(1): 51-59.
- [18] Clarke GP, White PCL, Harris S, 1998. Effects of roads on badger Meles meles populations in south-west England Biological Conservation, 86: 117-124.
- [19] Trombulak SC, Frissell CA, 2000. Review of ecological effects of roads on terrestrial and aquatic communities Conservation Biology, 14: 18-30.
- [20] Clevenger AP, Chruszcz B, Gunson KE, 2003. Spatial patterns and factors influencing small vertebrate fauna road-kill aggregations, Biological Conservation, 109: 15-26.
- [21] Jaeger J, Fahrig L, 2004. Effects of road fencing on population persistence Conservation Biology, 18(6): 1651-1657.
- [22] Pinowski J, 2005. Road kills of Vertebrates in Venezuela Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 22(1): 191-196.
- [23] Rico A, Kindlmann P, Sedláček F, 2007. Barrier effects of roads on movements of small mammals Folia Zoologica, 56(1): 1-12.
- [24] Coffin AW, 2007. From roadkill to road ecology: a review of the ecological effects of roads, Journal of Transport Geography, 15: 396-406.
- [25] Fahrig L, Rytwinski T, 2009. Effects of roads on animal abundance: an empirical review and synthesis Ecology and Society, 14: 21.
- [26] Van Langevelde F, Van Dooremalen C, Jaarsma CF, 2009. Traffic mortality and the role of minor roads Journal of Environmental Management, 90: 660-667.
- [27] Benítez-López A, Alkemade R, Verweij PA, 2010. The impacts of roads and other infrastructure on mammal and bird populations: a meta-analysis Biological Conservation, 143: 1307-1316.
- [28] Tok CV, Ayaz D, Çiçek K, 2011. Road mortality of amphibians and reptiles in the Anatolian part of Turkey Turkish Journal of Zoology, 35(6): 851-857.
- [29] Saklaurs M, Baltmanis R, 2014. The Effect of Roads on the Movement of Large and Mid-sized Mammals Environmental and Climate Technologies, 23-29.
- [30] Özcan AU, Özkazanç NK, 2017. Identifying the hotspots of wildlife-vehicle collision on the Çankırı-Kırıkkale highway during summer Turkish Journal of Zoology, 41: 722-730.
- [31] Sillero N, 2008. Amphibian mortality levels on Spanish country roads: descriptive and spatial analysis Amphibia Reptilia, 29: 337-47.
- [32] Shepard DB, Dreslik MJ, Jellen BC, Phillips CA, 2008. Reptile road mortality around an oasis in the Illinois Corn Desert with emphasis on the endangered eastern massasauga Copeia, 2008: 350-359.
- [33] Matos C, Sillero N, Argana E, 2012. Spatial analysis of amphibian road mortality levels in northern Portugal country roads Amphibia Reptilia, 33: 469-83.
- [34] Cosentino BJ, Marsh DM, Jones KS, Apodaca JJ, Bates C, Beach J, Beard KH, Becklin K, Bell JM, Crockett C, Fawson G, Fjelsted J, Forys EA, Genet KS, Grover M, Holmes J, Indeck K, Karraker NE, Kilpatrick ES, Langen TA, Mugel SG, Molina A, Vonesh JR, Weaver RJ, Willey A, 2014. Citizen science reveals widespread negative effects of roads on amphibian distributions Biological Conservation, 180: 31-38.
- [35] Köhler G, Cedeño-Vázquez JR, Beutelspacher-García PM, 2016. The chetumal snake census: generating biological data from road-killed snakes. Part, 1 Mesoamerican Herpetology 3: 640-660.
- [36] López-Herrera DF, León-Yusti M, Guevara-Molina SC, Vargas-Salinas F, 2016. Reptiles en corredores biológicos y mortalidad por atropellamiento vehicular en Barbas-Bremen, departamento del Quindío, Colombia Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, 40: 484-493.
- [37] Heigl F, Laaha G, Zaller J, 2017. Amphibian and reptile road-kills on tertiary roads in relation to landscape structure: Using a citizen science approach with open-access land cover data BMC Ecology, 17: 24.
- [38] Ramos E, Meza-Joya FL, 2018. Reptile road mortality in a fragmented landscape of the middle Magdalena Valley, Colombia Herpetology Notes, 11: 81-91.
- [39] Glista DJ, DeVault TL, DeWoody JA, 2007. Vertebrate road mortality predominantly impacts amphibians Herpetological Conservation and Biology, 3(1): 77-87.
- [40] Garrah E, Danby RK, Eberhardt E, Cunnington GM, Mitchell S 2015. Hot spots and hot times: wildlife road mortality in a regional conservation corridor Environmental Management, 56(4): 874-889.
- [41] Ciesiołkiewicz J, Orłowski G, Elżanowski A, 2006. High juvenile mortality of grass snakes Natrix natrix (L.) on a suburban road Polish Journal of Ecology, 54(3): 465-472.
- [42] Orłowski G, 2007. Spatial distribution and seasonal pattern in road mortality of the common toad Bufo bufo in an agricultural landscape of south-western Poland Amphibia- Reptilia, 28(1): 25-31.
- [43] Santos X, Llorente GA, Montori A, Carretero MA, Franch M, Garriga N, Richter-Boix A, 2007. Evaluating factors affecting amphibian mortality on roads: the case of the Common Toad Bufo bufo, near a breeding place Animal Biodiversity and Conservation, 30(1): 97-104.
- [44] Elzanowski A, Ciesiołkiewicz J, Kaczor M, Radwańska J, Urban R, 2009. Amphibian road mortality in Europe: a meta-analysis with new data from Poland European Journal of Wildlife Research, 55: 33-43.
- [45] Brzeziński M, Eliava G, Żmihorski M, 2012. Road mortality of pond-breeding amphibians during spring migrations in the Mazurian Lakeland, NE Poland European Journal of Wildlife Research, 58: 685-693.
- [46] Hartel T, Moga IC, Öllerer K, Puky M, 2009. Spatial and temporal distribution of amphibian road mortality with a Rana dalmatina and Bufo bufo predominance along the middle section of the Târnava Mare basin, Romania North-Western Journal of Zoology, 5(1): 130-141.
- [47] Cicort-Lucaciu AŞ, Covaciu-Marcov SD, Bogdan HV, Sas I, 2012. Implication upon herpetofauna of a Road and its Reconstruction in Carei Plain Natural Protected Area (Romania) Ecologia Balkanica, 4(1): 99-105.
- [48] Covaciu-Marcov SD, Ferenţi S, Ghira I, Sas I, 2012. High road mortality of Dolichophis caspius in southern Romania. Is this a problem? What can we do? North-Western Journal of Zoology, 8(2): 370-373.
- [49] Ashley PE, Robinson JT, 1996. Road Mortality of Amphibian, Reptile and Other Wildlife on the Long Point Causeway, Lake Erie, Ontario Canadian Field-Naturalist, 110(3): 403-412.
- [50] Gryz J, Krauze D, 2008. Mortality of vertebrates on a road crossing Biebrza Valley (NE Poland) European Journal of Wildlife Research, 54: 709-714.
- [51] Goldingay RL, Taylor BD, 2006. How many frogs are killed on a road in North-east New South Wales Australian Zoologist, 33(3): 332-336.
- [52] De la Ossa Nadjar O, De la Ossa-VJ, 2013. Fauna silvestre atropellada en dos vías principales que rodean los Montes de María, Sucre, Colombia Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal, 5: 158-164.
- [53] De la Ossa-Nadjar D, De La Ossa-VJ, 2015. Vehicle collisions with wild fauna on the two roads that pass through the Montes de María, Sucre, Colombia Revista UDCA Actualidad and Divulgación Científica, 18: 503-511.
- [54] De la Ossa-VJ, Galván-Guevara S, 2015. Registro de mortalidad de fauna silvestre por colisión vehicular en la carretera Toluviejo–ciénaga La Caimanera, Sucre, Colombia Biota Colombiana, 16: 67-77.
- [55] Monroy MC, 2015. Tasa de atropellamiento de fauna silvestre en la vía San Onofre María la baja, Caribe Colombiano Revista de la Asociacion Colombiana de Ciencias Biologicas, 27: 88-95.