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GENÇ HANS HOLBEIN’IN BAZI ESERLERİNDE “MEMENTO MORİ” KAVRAMI

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 46, 147 - 170, 31.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.1321491

Öz

Ölüm, insanlık tarihinin başlangıcından bu yana insanlar tarafından değerlendirilen, diğer varoluşsal sorunlarla birlikte anlamlandırılmaya çalışılan bir olgu olmuştur. Hayata dair her şeyde olduğu gibi ölüm de insanın yaşamına yön vermiş, insanın ortaya çıkardığı sanat eserlerine yansımıştır. Memento Mori, “Ölümü hatırla” veya “Ölümlü olduğunu hatırla” anlamlarına gelen Latince bir deyiştir. Antik Çağ kadar erken bir dönemde dahi karşımıza çıkan Memento Mori ve ona dair semboller hâlâ günümüzde sanatçılar tarafından kullanılmaya devam edilmektedir. Kavram, eserlere genel olarak ölümü sembolize eden kafatası, iskelet, kanatlı iskelet, kum saati vb. şeklinde yansımıştır. Memento Mori tarih boyunca çeşitli biçimlerde sanat eserlerine yansımış olsa da gerçek anlamda popülarite kazanması Rönesans Dönemi’nde gerçekleşmiştir. Bu çalışmada Kuzey Rönesansı’nın önemli sanatçılardan olan Genç Hans Holbein’ın eserlerinde yer verdiği Memento Mori kavramına yaklaşımı ve yorumlama biçimi ele alınmış ve değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma için sanatçının kavramı en iyi temsil ettiği düşünülen eserlerinden bazı örnekler seçilerek incelenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Batschmann, O. & Griener, P. (1997). Hans Holbein. Reaktion.
  • Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2017, Kasım 30). Book of hours. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/book-of-hours-prayer-book .
  • Cohen, K. (1973). Metamorphosis of a death symbol, the transi tomb in the late middle ages and the renaissance. University of California Press.
  • De Pascale, E. (2009). Death and resurrection in art. Getty Publications.
  • Ganz, P. (1925). Holbein. The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs, (47), 230-245.
  • Gertsman, E. (2006). Pleyinge and peyntynge: performing dance of death. Studies in Iconography, (27), 1-43.
  • H. S. F. (1929). Woodcuts: dance of death series by Hans Holbein the Younger. The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, 16(8), 141-144.
  • Hand, J. O. (1980). The portrait of sir Brian Tuke by Hans Holbein the Younger. Studies in the History of Art, (9), 33-49.
  • Herodotos. (1973). Herodot tarihi. (Çev: M. Ökmen), Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Hervey, M. F. S. (1900). Holbein’s “Ambassadors”; the picture and the man. George Bell and Sons.
  • Huizinga, J. (2019). Ortaçağın sonbaharı. (Çev: O. Düz), Alfa Basım Yayım Dağıtım.
  • Illich, I. (2004). Ölüme karşı ölüm. Cogito, (40), 107-121, Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Ivins, W. M. (1919). Hans Holbein’s dance of death. The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, 14(11), 231-235.
  • Janson, H. W. (1937). The putto with the death’s head. The Art Bulletin, 19(3), 423-449.
  • Kenaan, H. (2002). The “unusual character” of Holbein’s “Ambassadors”. Artibus et Historiae, 23(46), 61-75.
  • Marrow, J. H. (1983). In desen speigell: a new form of memento mori in fifteenth century netherlandish art. Essays in Northern European Art Presented to Egbert Haverkamp-Begemann. 154-163.
  • Pamir, H. & Sezgin, N. (2016). The sundial and convivium scene on the mosaic from the rescue excavation in a late antique house of antioch. Adalya, (19), 251-280.
  • Petronius (1925). Satyricon. (Çev: M. Heseltine), William Heinemann.
  • Rasmussen, M. (1995). The case of the flutes in Holbein’s “The Ambassadors”. Early Music, 23(1), 114-123.
  • Rittershaus, L. & Eschenberg, K. (2021). Black Death, Plagues, and the Danse Macabre. Depictions of Epidemics in Art. Historical Social Research / Historische Sozialforschung. Supplement, (33), 330-341.
  • Samuel, E. R. (1963). Death in the glass - a new view of Holbein’s “Ambassadors”, The Burlington Magazine, 105(727), 436-441.
  • Serdar Dinçer, P. (2020). Geç antik dönem kaynaklarında purpura kodeksler. H. Yalap, Y. Gökkaplan (Ed.), 4. Uluslararası İpek Yolu Akademik Çalışmalar Sempozyumu Kitabı içinde (308-319. ss.).
  • Van Heerkeren, V. S. (2016). A method and an object: An art historical approach applied to the “memento mori” mosaic from Pompeii. Italy International Journal of Student Research in Archaeology, 1(1), 115-123.
  • Weber, F. P. (1910). Aspects of death and their effects on the living, as illustrated by minor art, especially medals, engraved gems, jewels, &c. The Open Court Publishing Company.
  • Zadnikar, M. (1969). Romanesque architecture in Slovenia. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, 28(2), 99-114.

“Memento Mori” Concept in Some of Hans Holbein the Younger’s Artwork

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 46, 147 - 170, 31.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.1321491

Öz

Death has been a phenomenon that has been evaluated by people since the dawn of time and tried to be understood with other existential problems. As in everything related to life, death has given direction to people’s lives and is reflected in the works of art created by people. Memento Mori is a Latin phrase meaning “Remember death” or “Remember that you are mortal”. Memento Mori and its symbols, which appeared in art as early as antiquity, are still used by artists today. The concept is symbolized by a skull, skeleton, winged skeleton, hourglass, etc. Although Memento Mori has been reflected in works of art in various forms throughout history, it gained great popularity during the Renaissance. In this study, an important artist of the Northern Renaissance, Hans Holbein the Younger’s approach and interpretation of the matter, was discussed and evaluated. For the study, some examples of the artist’s works, which are thought to represent the concept best, were selected and examined.

Kaynakça

  • Batschmann, O. & Griener, P. (1997). Hans Holbein. Reaktion.
  • Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2017, Kasım 30). Book of hours. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/book-of-hours-prayer-book .
  • Cohen, K. (1973). Metamorphosis of a death symbol, the transi tomb in the late middle ages and the renaissance. University of California Press.
  • De Pascale, E. (2009). Death and resurrection in art. Getty Publications.
  • Ganz, P. (1925). Holbein. The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs, (47), 230-245.
  • Gertsman, E. (2006). Pleyinge and peyntynge: performing dance of death. Studies in Iconography, (27), 1-43.
  • H. S. F. (1929). Woodcuts: dance of death series by Hans Holbein the Younger. The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, 16(8), 141-144.
  • Hand, J. O. (1980). The portrait of sir Brian Tuke by Hans Holbein the Younger. Studies in the History of Art, (9), 33-49.
  • Herodotos. (1973). Herodot tarihi. (Çev: M. Ökmen), Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Hervey, M. F. S. (1900). Holbein’s “Ambassadors”; the picture and the man. George Bell and Sons.
  • Huizinga, J. (2019). Ortaçağın sonbaharı. (Çev: O. Düz), Alfa Basım Yayım Dağıtım.
  • Illich, I. (2004). Ölüme karşı ölüm. Cogito, (40), 107-121, Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Ivins, W. M. (1919). Hans Holbein’s dance of death. The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, 14(11), 231-235.
  • Janson, H. W. (1937). The putto with the death’s head. The Art Bulletin, 19(3), 423-449.
  • Kenaan, H. (2002). The “unusual character” of Holbein’s “Ambassadors”. Artibus et Historiae, 23(46), 61-75.
  • Marrow, J. H. (1983). In desen speigell: a new form of memento mori in fifteenth century netherlandish art. Essays in Northern European Art Presented to Egbert Haverkamp-Begemann. 154-163.
  • Pamir, H. & Sezgin, N. (2016). The sundial and convivium scene on the mosaic from the rescue excavation in a late antique house of antioch. Adalya, (19), 251-280.
  • Petronius (1925). Satyricon. (Çev: M. Heseltine), William Heinemann.
  • Rasmussen, M. (1995). The case of the flutes in Holbein’s “The Ambassadors”. Early Music, 23(1), 114-123.
  • Rittershaus, L. & Eschenberg, K. (2021). Black Death, Plagues, and the Danse Macabre. Depictions of Epidemics in Art. Historical Social Research / Historische Sozialforschung. Supplement, (33), 330-341.
  • Samuel, E. R. (1963). Death in the glass - a new view of Holbein’s “Ambassadors”, The Burlington Magazine, 105(727), 436-441.
  • Serdar Dinçer, P. (2020). Geç antik dönem kaynaklarında purpura kodeksler. H. Yalap, Y. Gökkaplan (Ed.), 4. Uluslararası İpek Yolu Akademik Çalışmalar Sempozyumu Kitabı içinde (308-319. ss.).
  • Van Heerkeren, V. S. (2016). A method and an object: An art historical approach applied to the “memento mori” mosaic from Pompeii. Italy International Journal of Student Research in Archaeology, 1(1), 115-123.
  • Weber, F. P. (1910). Aspects of death and their effects on the living, as illustrated by minor art, especially medals, engraved gems, jewels, &c. The Open Court Publishing Company.
  • Zadnikar, M. (1969). Romanesque architecture in Slovenia. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, 28(2), 99-114.
Toplam 25 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Resim Tarihi, Sanat Tarihi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Deniz Karakurum 0000-0003-0169-8319

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ocak 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 25 Sayı: 46

Kaynak Göster

APA Karakurum, D. (2024). GENÇ HANS HOLBEIN’IN BAZI ESERLERİNDE “MEMENTO MORİ” KAVRAMI. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 25(46), 147-170. https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.1321491