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Effects of adapted exercise education on physical fitness in children with autism

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 1, 25 - 32, 01.04.2009

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Filipek PA, Accardo PJ, Baranek GT, et al. The screening and diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorders. J Autism Dev Disord. 1999;29:439-484.
  • Emmons PG, Anderson LM. Understanding Sensory Dysfunction Learning, Development and Sensory Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorders, ADHD, Learning Disabilities and Bipolar Disorder. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers; 2005.
  • Reid G. Understanding physical activity in youths with autism spectrum disorders. Palaestra. 2005;21:6- 7.
  • Sandt DDR, Frey GC. Comparison of physical activity levels between children with and without autistic spectrum disorders. Adapt Phys Activ Q. 2005;22:146-159.
  • Miller-Kuhaneck H. Autism: A Comprehensive Occupational Therapy Approach Maryland: AOTA; 2001.
  • Todd T Reid G. Increasing physical activity in individuals with autism. Focus Autism Other Dev Disabl. 2006;21:167-176.
  • Orsmond GI, Krauss MW, Seltzer MM. Peer relationships and social and recreational activities among adolescents and adult with autism. J Autism Dev Disord. 2004;34:245-256.
  • Yilmaz I, Yanardağ M, Birkan B, et al. Effects of swimming training on physical fitness and water orientation in autism, Pediatr Int. 2004;46:624-626.
  • Yanardağ M, Arikan H, Yilmaz I, et al. Comparison of the physical fitness levels of mentally retarded and non-disabled women. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2003;74:81.
  • Cahalin LP, Mathier MA, Semigran MJ, et al. The six-minute walk test predicts peak oxygen uptake and survival in patients with advanced heart failure. Chest. 1996;110:325-332.
  • Roberts EB, Li FKW, Sykes K. Validity of the 6- minute walk test for assessing heart rate recovery after an exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation programme. Brit J Physiotherapy. 2006;92: 116- 121.
  • Short FX, Winnick JP. Test items and standards related to muscle strength and endurance on the brockport physical fitness test. Adapt Phys Activ Q. 2005;22:371-400.
  • Bruininks RH. Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Examiner’s Manual. Minnesota: American Gidance Service; 1978.
  • Short FX, Winnick JP. Test items and standards related to flexibility/range of motion on the brockport physical fitness test. Adapt Phys Activ Q. 2005;22:401-417.
  • Short FX, Winnick JP. Test items and standards related to body composition on the Brockport physical fitness test. Adapt Phys Activ Q. 2005;22:356-370.
  • Batu S, Ergenekon Y, Erbaş D, et al. Teaching pedestrian skills to individuals with developmental disabilities. Journal of Behavioral Education. 2004; 13:147-164.
  • Connolly BH, Michael BT. Performance of retarded children, with and without down syndrome, on the bruininks-oseretsky test of motor proficiency. Phys Ther. 1986; 66: 344- 348.
  • Pan CY, Frey GC.. Physical activity patterns in youth with autism spectrum disorders. J Autism Dev Disord. 2006;36:597-606.
  • Baranek GT. Efficacy of sensory and motor interventions for children with autism. J Autism Dev Disord. 2002;32:397-422.
  • Pitetti KH, Yarmer DA, Fernhall B. Cardiovascular fitness and body composition in children and adolescents with and without mental retardation. Adapt Phys Activ Q. 2001;18:127-141.
  • Fernhall B, Pitetti KH. Limitations to physical work capacity in individuals with mental retardation. Clinical Exercise Physiology. 2001;3:176-185.
  • Pitetti KH, Jongmans B, Fernhall B. Reliability of a treadmill test for youth with multiple disabilities. Adapt Phys Activ Q. 1999;16:362-371.
  • Yılmaz I, Ergun N, Konukman F, et al. Effects of a 10 week water exercise and swimming program on the physical fitness of mentally retarded children. Res Q Exerc Sport.2002; 73:108.
  • Pitetti KH, Rendoff AD, Grover T, et al. The efficacy of a 9- month treadmill walking program on the exercise capacity and weight reduction for adolescents with severe autism. J Autism Dev Disord. 2007;37: 997-1006.
  • Ellis DN, MacLean WE Jr, Gazdag G.. The effects of exercise and cardiovascular fitness on stereotyped bodyrocking. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 1989;20: 251-256.
  • Lotan M, Isakov E, Merrick J. Improving functional skills and physical fitness in children with rett syndrome. J Intellect Disabil Res. 2004;48:730-735.

Otistik çocuklarda adapte edilmiş egzersiz eğitiminin fiziksel uygunluk düzeyine etkisi

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 1, 25 - 32, 01.04.2009

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı otistik çocuklarda adapte edilmiş egzersiz eğitiminin fiziksel uygunluk düzeyine etkisini saptamaktı. Gereç ve yöntem: Çalışmaya 5-7 yaşlarında 8 otistik erkek alındı ve olgular 2 gruba ayrıldı: Grup 1: Havuz grubu (N=4): yaş ortalaması 6.25±0.5 yıl, Grup 2: Kara grubu (N=4): yaş ortalaması 6.0±1.15 yıl. Tüm olgulara, kardiyovasküler endurans, kavrama kuvveti, hız ve çeviklik, esneklik ve vücut kompozisyonu değerlendirmeleri egzersiz eğitimi öncesi ve sonrasında yapıldı. Eğitim programında; egzersiz becerileri, yanlışsız öğretim yöntemlerinden biri olan “ipucunun giderek azaltılmasıyla öğretim” yöntemi kullanılarak, 12 hafta boyunca, haftada 3 gün ve günde 40 dakika süre ile uygulandı. Kara grubunun eğitim programı; koşu bandında yürüyüş, trambolinde zıplama, hedefe top atma ve oyuncak ata binme, havuz grubunun ise su içi egzersizler ve oyunlardan oluştu. Sonuçlar: Çalışma sonucunda, her iki grupta eğitim öncesi ve sonrası, 6 dakikalık yürüme testi mesafesi (m), O2tüketim miktarı (peak VO2) ve yüzdesi (% VO2), hız ve çeviklik koşusu, kavrama kuvveti ve oturuzan testi değerlendirme sonuçları fark bulundu (p0.05). Tartışma: Çalışma sonuçları, her iki egzersiz programının da otistik çocukların fiziksel uygunluk düzeylerini geliştirdiğini göstermektedir. İletişim ve sosyal ortama uyum göstermede sınırlılıkları olan otistik çocuklarla çalışan fizyoterapistlerin, adapte edilmiş bu programlar ve benzer egzersiz programları ile yararlı sonuçlar elde edebileceği düşünülmektedir

Kaynakça

  • Filipek PA, Accardo PJ, Baranek GT, et al. The screening and diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorders. J Autism Dev Disord. 1999;29:439-484.
  • Emmons PG, Anderson LM. Understanding Sensory Dysfunction Learning, Development and Sensory Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorders, ADHD, Learning Disabilities and Bipolar Disorder. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers; 2005.
  • Reid G. Understanding physical activity in youths with autism spectrum disorders. Palaestra. 2005;21:6- 7.
  • Sandt DDR, Frey GC. Comparison of physical activity levels between children with and without autistic spectrum disorders. Adapt Phys Activ Q. 2005;22:146-159.
  • Miller-Kuhaneck H. Autism: A Comprehensive Occupational Therapy Approach Maryland: AOTA; 2001.
  • Todd T Reid G. Increasing physical activity in individuals with autism. Focus Autism Other Dev Disabl. 2006;21:167-176.
  • Orsmond GI, Krauss MW, Seltzer MM. Peer relationships and social and recreational activities among adolescents and adult with autism. J Autism Dev Disord. 2004;34:245-256.
  • Yilmaz I, Yanardağ M, Birkan B, et al. Effects of swimming training on physical fitness and water orientation in autism, Pediatr Int. 2004;46:624-626.
  • Yanardağ M, Arikan H, Yilmaz I, et al. Comparison of the physical fitness levels of mentally retarded and non-disabled women. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2003;74:81.
  • Cahalin LP, Mathier MA, Semigran MJ, et al. The six-minute walk test predicts peak oxygen uptake and survival in patients with advanced heart failure. Chest. 1996;110:325-332.
  • Roberts EB, Li FKW, Sykes K. Validity of the 6- minute walk test for assessing heart rate recovery after an exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation programme. Brit J Physiotherapy. 2006;92: 116- 121.
  • Short FX, Winnick JP. Test items and standards related to muscle strength and endurance on the brockport physical fitness test. Adapt Phys Activ Q. 2005;22:371-400.
  • Bruininks RH. Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Examiner’s Manual. Minnesota: American Gidance Service; 1978.
  • Short FX, Winnick JP. Test items and standards related to flexibility/range of motion on the brockport physical fitness test. Adapt Phys Activ Q. 2005;22:401-417.
  • Short FX, Winnick JP. Test items and standards related to body composition on the Brockport physical fitness test. Adapt Phys Activ Q. 2005;22:356-370.
  • Batu S, Ergenekon Y, Erbaş D, et al. Teaching pedestrian skills to individuals with developmental disabilities. Journal of Behavioral Education. 2004; 13:147-164.
  • Connolly BH, Michael BT. Performance of retarded children, with and without down syndrome, on the bruininks-oseretsky test of motor proficiency. Phys Ther. 1986; 66: 344- 348.
  • Pan CY, Frey GC.. Physical activity patterns in youth with autism spectrum disorders. J Autism Dev Disord. 2006;36:597-606.
  • Baranek GT. Efficacy of sensory and motor interventions for children with autism. J Autism Dev Disord. 2002;32:397-422.
  • Pitetti KH, Yarmer DA, Fernhall B. Cardiovascular fitness and body composition in children and adolescents with and without mental retardation. Adapt Phys Activ Q. 2001;18:127-141.
  • Fernhall B, Pitetti KH. Limitations to physical work capacity in individuals with mental retardation. Clinical Exercise Physiology. 2001;3:176-185.
  • Pitetti KH, Jongmans B, Fernhall B. Reliability of a treadmill test for youth with multiple disabilities. Adapt Phys Activ Q. 1999;16:362-371.
  • Yılmaz I, Ergun N, Konukman F, et al. Effects of a 10 week water exercise and swimming program on the physical fitness of mentally retarded children. Res Q Exerc Sport.2002; 73:108.
  • Pitetti KH, Rendoff AD, Grover T, et al. The efficacy of a 9- month treadmill walking program on the exercise capacity and weight reduction for adolescents with severe autism. J Autism Dev Disord. 2007;37: 997-1006.
  • Ellis DN, MacLean WE Jr, Gazdag G.. The effects of exercise and cardiovascular fitness on stereotyped bodyrocking. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 1989;20: 251-256.
  • Lotan M, Isakov E, Merrick J. Improving functional skills and physical fitness in children with rett syndrome. J Intellect Disabil Res. 2004;48:730-735.
Toplam 26 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Nisan 2009
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2009 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 1