Araştırma Makalesi
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Cultural Heritage Collections as Data

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 37 Sayı: 3, 191 - 214, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.24146/tk.1317445

Öz

Purpose: In today’s digital humanities research, the main data/information sources used by researchers are collections consisting of digitized documents and data with high resolution, along with machine-readable and actionable metadata associated with these collections. The purpose of this research is to determine the needs and expectations of digital humanities researchers for “collections as data” and to find out to what extent cultural memory institutions meet these needs and expectations.


Method: Qualitative methods were used within the scope of the research. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 digital humanities researchers and 16 representatives of cultural memory institutions. The researchers and the representatives of the institutions were asked 20 and 23 questions, respectively, and all interview records were transcribed and their contents were analyzed using MaxQDA, a qualitative data analysis software.


Findings: Researchers need access to collections as datasets in machine-readable and machine-actionable formats. While there are a few institutions that can share their collections through protocols or upon request, no institution has yet made their collections available in machine-readable and actionable formats suitable for computational access. To convert their collections, institutions need qualified staff, budget, technical infrastructure, administrative support, cooperation, time, and guidelines.


Implications: In order for institutions to organize metadata, digitize collections, and make them accessible to researchers as collections as data, they should create awareness in this regard, receive technical, administrative and financial support, and train qualified personnel.


Originality: This study is the first of its kind that identifies the needs, expectations, and barriers regarding the “collections as data” service in Turkey from the perspectives of researchers and cultural memory institutions.

Kaynakça

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  • Aladağ, F. (2020). Cities and administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire in the early 16th century: a case study for the application of digital history to Ottoman studies. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi, İstanbul. http://t.ly/NsOV1
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  • Bekman, B. (2020). XIX. yüzyılın dönüşen İstanbul’unda mahalleler, kollar ve belediyeler: bir envanter ve haritalama çalışması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul. http://t.ly/hV1V_
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Veri Olarak Kültürel Miras Koleksiyonları

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 37 Sayı: 3, 191 - 214, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.24146/tk.1317445

Öz

Amaç: Günümüzde dijital insani bilimler araştırmalarında kullanılan ana veri/bilgi kaynakları dijital ortama aktarılmış çözünürlüğü yüksek belgeler ve verilerden oluşan koleksiyonlar ile bu koleksiyonlara ait makinece okunabilir ve işlem yapılabilir üstverilerdir. Bu araştırmanın amacı dijital insani bilimler araştırmacılarının “veri olarak koleksiyonlara” yönelik ihtiyaç ve beklentilerini ve kültürel bellek kurumlarının bu ihtiyaç ve beklentileri ne ölçüde karşıladıklarını saptamaktır.


Yöntem: Araştırma kapsamında nitel yöntemler kullanılmış, 10 dijital insani bilimler araştırmacısı ve 16 kültürel bellek kurumu temsilcisi ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmacılara 20, kurum temsilcilerine 23 soru sorulmuş, tüm görüşme kayıtları çözümlenmiş (transkribe edilmiş) ve MaxQDA nitel veri analiz yazılımı aracılığıyla görüşme kayıtlarının içerik analizi yapılmıştır.

Bulgular: Araştırmacılar koleksiyonlara makinece okunabilir ve işlem yapılabilir formatlarda veri setleri halinde erişmeye ihtiyaç duymaktadırlar. Protokol karşılığında veya talep olduğunda koleksiyonlarını bu şekilde paylaşabilecek az sayıda kurum olsa da henüz hiçbir kurum makinece okunabilir formatlarda ve bilişimsel erişime uygun biçimde dijital koleksiyonlarını hizmete açmamıştır. Kurumların koleksiyonlarını dönüştürmek için nitelikli personele, bütçeye, teknik altyapıya, yönetim desteğine, işbirliğine, zamana ve konuya ilişkin bir rehbere ihtiyaçları bulunmaktadır.

Sonuç: Kurumlar, üstverileri düzenlemek, koleksiyonları dijitalleştirmek ve bu koleksiyonları veri olarak koleksiyon yaklaşımına uygun olarak araştırmacıların erişimine açmak için bu konuda farkındalık oluşturmalı, teknik, idari ve maddi yönlerden desteklenmeli ve nitelikli personel yetiştirmelidir.


Özgünlük: Bu çalışma hem araştırmacıların hem de kültürel bellek kurumlarının bakış açılarından Türkiye’de veri olarak koleksiyonlar hizmetine yönelik gereksinimleri, beklentileri ve engelleri saptayan ilk araştırmadır.

Teşekkür

Bu araştırmaya yaptıkları değerli katkılar için görüştüğümüz dijital insani bilimler araştırmacılarına ve kurum temsilcilerine teşekkür ederiz.

Kaynakça

  • Adamlink Project. (2022). https://adamlink.nl/
  • Akça, S. (2018). Dijital insanî bilimler: Yeni bir yaklaşım. Türk Kütüphaneciliği, 32(3), 193-207. https://doi.org/10.24146/tkd.2018.37
  • Aladağ, F. (2020). Cities and administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire in the early 16th century: a case study for the application of digital history to Ottoman studies. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi, İstanbul. http://t.ly/NsOV1
  • Ames, S. (2021). Transparency, provenance and collections as data: The National Library of Scotland’s Data Foundry. Liber Quarterly, 31, 1-13. doi:10.18352/LQ.10371
  • Amsterdam Time Machine. (2022). https://www.amsterdamtimemachine.nl/about-atm/
  • ANAMED Kütüphanesi. (2021). Osmanlı Epir’ini haritalandırmak. A. Yaycıoğlu, A. Atçıl, F. Öncel. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AUAtSB43p2s&ab_channel=ANAMEDLibrary
  • Bekman, B. (2020). XIX. yüzyılın dönüşen İstanbul’unda mahalleler, kollar ve belediyeler: bir envanter ve haritalama çalışması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul. http://t.ly/hV1V_
  • Bell, G., Zafiroglu, A., Assaad, Z., Bradley, C., Cooper, N., O’Brien, E., Reid, K. ve Ruster, L. (2021). Custodians & midwives: The library of the future. The Australian National University. https://cybernetics.anu.edu.au/assets/Custodians_and_Midwives_FINAL_web.pdf
  • Ben-Bassat, Y. ve Buessow, J. (2020). Applying digital methods to the study of a late Ottoman city: A social and spatial analysis of political partisanship in Gaza. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 63(4), 505-554. doi:10.1163/15685209-12341517
  • Berry, D. (2019). What are the digital humanities? The British Academy. https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/blog/what-are-digital-humanities/
  • Bozkurt, A., Hamutoğlu, N. B., Kaban, A. L., Taşçı, G. ve Aykul, M. (2021). Dijital bilgi çağı: Dijital toplum, dijital dönüşüm, dijital eğitim ve dijital yeterlilikler. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(2), 35-63. doi:10.51948/auad.911584
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  • British Library. (2022b). British Library Labs. https://www.bl.uk/projects/british-library-labs
  • British Library. (2023). Free dataset downloads. https://www.bl.uk/collection-metadata/downloads
  • Candela, G., Gabriëls, N., Chambers, S., Pham, T. A., Ames, S., Fitzgerald, N., Hofmann, K., Harbo, V., Potter, A., Ferriter, M., Manchester, E., Irollo, A., Van Keer, E., Mahey, M., Holownia, O. ve Dobreva, M. (2023). A checklist to publish collections as data in GLAM institutions. (arXiv:2304.02603). arXiv. http://arxiv.org/abs/2304.02603
  • Candela, G., Sáez, M. D., Escobar Esteban, M. ve Marco-Such, M. (2022). Reusing digital collections from GLAM institutions. Journal of Information Science, 48(2), 251–267. doi:10.1177/0165551520950246
  • Chambers, S., Walsh, M., Caswell, M., Harder, G., Okumura, M., Corrin, J., Baeza Ventura, G., Antonijevic, S., Knazook, B., Narlock, M., Bailey, J., Neudecker, C., Downie, J. S., Layne-Worthey, G., van Strien, D., Irollo, A., Whitmire, A., Lee, J., Berry, D., … Ridge, M. (2023). Position statements: Collections as data: State of the field and future directions. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7897735
  • Colavizza, G., Blanke, T., Jeurgens, C. ve Noordegraaf, J. (2021). Archives and AI: An overview of current debates and future perspectives. Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage, 15(1), 1-15. doi:10.1145/3479010
  • Collections as Data Futures: A recap, a resource, next steps. (2023). Collections as Data - Part to Whole. https://collectionsasdata.github.io/part2whole/recap/
  • Çayırezmez, N. A. (2023). Türkiye’de dijital arkeolojik veri yönetimi. Doktora Tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Digital Humanities Lab. (2022). DHLab. https://dhlab.nl/
  • Digital Ottoman Studies. (2022). https://www.digitalottomanstudies.com/about-us?lang=tr
  • Digital Preservation Coalition. (2022). Computational access: A beginner’s guide for digital preservation practitioners. https://www.dpconline.org/digipres/implement-digipres/computational-access-guide
  • Ekim, B., Sertel, E. ve Kabadayı, M. E. (2021). Automatic road extraction from historical maps using deep learning techniques: A regional case study of Turkey in a German World War II Map. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 10(8), 492. doi:10.3390/ijgi10080492
  • Europeana Pro. (2022). Harvesting and downloads. https://pro.europeana.eu/page/harvesting-and-downloads
  • Gökçe, O. (2006). İçerik analizi: Kuramsal ve pratik bilgiler. Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Gökmen, B. (2015). Türkiye’de kadı isimli yerleşmelerin mekânsal analizi: Kadılık kurumunun yerleşme isimleri üzerindeki etkisi. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Karatekin Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(5), 39-64. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/karefad/issue/19200/204140
  • Grallert, T. (2016). Mapping Ottoman Damascus through news reports: A practical approach. The Digital Humanities and Islamic & Middle East Studies içinde (s. 175-198). De Gruyter. doi:10.1515/9783110376517-009
  • Gray, J. (2009). Jim Gray on e-science: A transformed scientific method. Hey, T., Tansley, S. ve Tolle, K. (Yay. haz.). The Fourth Paradigm: Data-Intensive Scientific Discovery içinde (s. xvii-xxxi). Microsoft Research. https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/Fourth_Paradigm.pdf
  • Hadjikyriacou, A. (2018). Introduction: Ottoman Recogito (OttRec). https://medium.com/pelagios/introduction-ottoman-recogito-ottrec-3157478130fd
  • Hasan Ağa ve Kardeşi Anton Çelebi’nin Aşırı Tuhaf Hikayesi. (2022). https://dhlab.sabanciuniv.edu/tr/hasan-aga-ve-kardesi-anton-celebinin-asiri-tuhaf-hikayesi
  • HathiTrust. (2022). HathiTrust Digital Library: Millions of books online. https://www.hathitrust.org/
  • HisGis. (2022). https://hisgis.nl/
  • Johnston, L. (2011). From records to data: It’s not just about collections any more. https://blogs.loc.gov/thesignal/2011/11/from-records-to-data-its-not-just-about-collections-any-more/
  • Karbeyaz, C., Can, E. F., Can, F. ve Kalpaklı, M. (2012). A content-based social network study of Evliyâ Çelebi’s Seyahatnâme-Bitlis section. Computer and Information Sciences II, 271-275. doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-2155-8_34
  • Karbeyaz, C., Can, E. F., Can, F. ve Kalpaklı, M. (2013). A social network study of Evliyâ Çelebi’s The Book of Travels-Seyahatnâme. ENRICH 2013: The First Workshop on the Exploration, Navigation and Retrieval of Information in Cultural Heritage. August 1, 2013, Dublin. http://www.cs.bilkent.edu.tr/~canf/bookOfTravels.pdf
  • Koninklijke Bibliotheek. (2022). KB Lab. https://lab.kb.nl/about-us
  • Lampert, C. ve Lapworth, E. (2020). What do we mean by “Collections As Data” (CAD)? https://www.library.unlv.edu/whats-new-special-collections/2020/2020-03/what-do-we-mean-collections-data-cad-cory-lampert-emily
  • Lanzolla, G. ve Anderson, J. (2008). Digital transformation. Business Strategy Review, 19(2), 72-76. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8616.2008.00539.x
  • Lee, B. C. G. (2023). The “Collections as ML Data” checklist for machine learning and cultural heritage. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. doi:10.1002/asi.24765
  • Library of Congress. (2016). Collections as data: Stewardship and use models to enhance access. https://digitalpreservation.gov/meetings/dcs16.html
  • Library of Congress. (2022). Search results from selected datasets, available online. https://www.loc.gov/collections/selected-datasets/
  • Mahey, M., Al-Abdulla, A., Ames, S., Bray, P., Candela, G., Chambers, S., Derven, C., Dobreva-McPherson, M., Gasser, K., Karner, S., Kokegei, K., Laursen, D., Potter, A., Straube, A., Wagner, S-C. ve Wilms, L. (2019). Open a GLAM Lab. Digital Cultural Heritage Innovation Labs, Book Sprint, Doha, Qatar, 23-27 September 2019. https://glamlabs.pubpub.org/
  • Miksa, T., Neish, P., Walk, P. ve Rauber, A. (2018). Defining requirements for machine-actionable Data Management Plans. iPres. http://ifs.tuwien.ac.at/~miksa/papers/2018-iPres-maDMPs.pdf
  • National Library of Australia. (2022). Trove: Using the API. https://trove.nla.gov.au/about/create-something/using-api
  • National Library of Australia. (2023). Trove: Case studies. https://trove.nla.gov.au/about/create-something/case-studies
  • Neuman, W. L. (2010). Toplumsal araştırma yöntemleri: Nitel ve nicel yaklaşımlar. Yayın Odası.
  • Öner, O. (2019). A collective biography study of musicians: patterns, networks and music as a “profession” in the late Ottoman era and the early republican years in İstanbul. [Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi.
  • Padilla, T. (2016). Humanities data in the library: Integrity, form, access. D-Lib Magazine, 22(3/4). doi:10.1045/march2016-padilla
  • Padilla, T., Allen, L., Frost, H., Potvin, S., Roke, E. R. ve Varner, S. (2019). Final report: Always already computational: Collections as data. doi:10.5281/zenodo.3152935
  • Padilla, T. ve Higgins, D. (2014). Library collections as humanities data: The facet effect. Public Services Quarterly, 10(4), 324-335. doi:10.1080/15228959.2014.963780.
  • Padilla, T. ve Ridge, M. (2019). Collections as data. HILT. https://dhtraining.org/hilt/course/collections-as-data-2019/
  • Posner, M. (2015). Humanities data: A necessary contradiction. http://miriamposner.com/blog/humanities-data-a-necessary-contradiction/
  • Royal Danish Library. (2022). KB Labs. https://labs.kb.dk/
  • Rueda, D. M. (2018a). Collections as data: Rethinking the digital archive in the digital age. https://www.library.unlv.edu/whats_new_in_special_collections/2018/07/collections-data-rethinking-digital-archive-digital-age
  • Rueda, D. M. (2018b). Collections as data: The process (and complications) of data visualization. https://www.library.unlv.edu/whats_new_in_special_collections/2018/07/collections-data-process-and-complications-data
  • Sabancı Üniversitesi Dijital Beşeri Bilimler Laboratuvarı. (2022). DH Lab. https://dhlab.sabanciuniv.edu/tr
  • Şavk, S. ve Doğu, B. (2021). Mapping Yeşilçam: A relational approach to the Turkish film industry. CINEJ Cinema Journal, 9(2), 193-230. doi:10.5195/cinej.2021.425
  • Schmidt, B. (2012). Women in the libraries. Sapping Attention. http://sappingattention.blogspot.com/2012/05/women-in-libraries.html
  • Sherratt, T. (2019). From collection search to collections as data. Heritage of the Air, Canberra. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3551405
  • Sherratt, T. (2022). Welcome to the GLAM Workbench. https://glam-workbench.net/
  • Stanford University. (2021). Mapping Ottoman Epirus. https://mapoe.stanford.edu/
  • The Real Face of White Australia. (2022). Living under the White Australia Policy. https://www.realfaceofwhiteaustralia.net/
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  • UC San Diego Library. (2021). Collections as data. http://suave.sdsc.edu/about/
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  • Uğur, Y. (2018). Osmanlı şehirlerini haritalamak: Sosyo-mekânsal benzerlikler ve özgünlükler (1520-1540). TÜBİTAK 1001 - Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu.
  • University of St Andrews. (2021). The Islamisation of Anatolia Project. https://www.islam-anatolia.ac.uk/
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  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Yüksek, A. Y. (2021). Sufis and the Sufi Lodges in Istanbul in the late nineteenth century: A socio-spatial analysis. Journal of Urban History. doi:10.1177/00961442211025253
  • Ziegler, S. L. (2020). Open data in cultural heritage institutions: Can we be better than data brokers? Digital Humanities Quarterly, 14(2). http://www.digitalhumanities.org/dhq/vol/14/2/000462/000462.html
Toplam 77 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Dijital Miras, Kültürel Miras Koleksiyonları ve Yorumlamaları, Kültürel Miras, Arşiv ve Müze Çalışmaları (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Meltem Dişli 0000-0001-7309-2637

Yaşar Tonta

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 29 Eylül 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Haziran 2023
Kabul Tarihi 23 Eylül 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 37 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Dişli, M., & Tonta, Y. (2023). Veri Olarak Kültürel Miras Koleksiyonları. Türk Kütüphaneciliği, 37(3), 191-214. https://doi.org/10.24146/tk.1317445

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