Siyasi Süreç Modeli ve Tunus’ta “İslami Eğilim Hareketi”

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 161 - 197, 30.12.2023

Halil Atilla Sivrikaya

https://doi.org/10.26513/tocd.1342088

Öz

En-Nahda Hareketi’nin öncülü olan İslami Eğilim Hareketi’ne (İEH) odaklanan bu makalenin temel sorusu, 1981-1989 arası dönemde İEH’nin Tunus’taki toplumsal hareketlilik sürecini açıklamaktır. Bu makale, İEH’nin Tunus’ta neden ve nasıl ortaya çıktığını, bir siyasi parti kurduğunu, Tunus’taki diğer hareketlerden farklı hedefler yarattığını ve ittifak tercihlerinde, stratejilerinde ve politikalarında dikkate değer bir ılımlılık, pragmatizm ve esneklik gösterdiğini incelemektedir. Bu makale, İEH’yi Sosyal Hareket Teorisi (SHT) doğrultusunda incelemekte ve bu bağlamda, Sidney George Tarrow, Doug McAdam ve Charles Tilly tarafından geliştirilen Siyasi Süreç Modeli’ni (SSM) uygulamaktadır. Makale, SSM’yi uygulayarak Batılı olmayan yarı otoriter bir siyasi ortamda toplumsal hareketliliği incelemenin yanı sıra söz konusu dönemde değişen ve dönüşen siyasi fırsat yapılarını, örgütsel dinamikleri ve çerçeveleme süreçlerini ortaya çıkararak literatüre katkıda bulunmaktadır. İEH örneğinden yola çıkan bu makale, İslami bir hareketin devlet baskısına rağmen siyasi fırsat yapıları, örgütsel dinamikler ve çerçeveleme süreçleri aracılığıyla ılımlılıkla ayakta kalabileceğini ve tabanını harekete geçirebileceğini savunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sosyal Hareket Teorisi, Siyasi Süreç Modeli, İslami Eğilim Hareketi, En-Nahda Hareketi, Tunus

The Political Process Model and The “Islamic Tendency Movement” in Tunisia

Öz

Focusing on the Islamic Tendency Movement (MTI/Harakat al-Ittijah al-Islami), the predecessor of the al-Nahda Movement (Harakat al-Nahda), the primary question of this article is to explain the social mobilization process of the MTI in Tunisia from 1981 to 1989. This article examines why and how the MTI emerged; founded a political party, created distinct goals different from other movements in Tunisia, and showed remarkable moderation, pragmatism and flexibility in its preferences of alliance, strategies and policies. This article analyzes the MTI in accordance with the Social Movement Theory, and in this context, applies the Political Process Model (PPM) advanced mainly by Sidney George Tarrow, Doug McAdam and Charles Tilly. This article contributes to literature through examining mobilization in a non-Western semi-authoritarian political setting by applying the PPM, as well as uncovering the changing and transforming political opportunity structures, organizational dynamics and framing processes. Drawing on the MTI case, this article argues that an Islamist movement can survive and mobilize its base via political opportunity structures, organizational dynamics and framing processes through moderation despite a state repression.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Social Movement Theory, Political Process Model, Islamic Tendency Movement, al-Nahda Movement, Tunisia

Kaynakça

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