BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Do Cement Boulders Mimic Natural Boulders for Macro-Invertebrates in the Southern Caspian Sea?

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, - , 07.07.2014
https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v14_1_17

Öz

The macro-invertebrates on natural (rock) and artificial (cement) boulders were compared along the southern Caspian Sea and the effect of structural features of boulders (i.e. orientation, facing, surface complexity, the degree of exposure to the wave action) on macro-invertebrate communities were investigated. Ten locations with rock walls in the southern Caspian Sea were investigated in which the isolated boulders of natural and artificial types with similar dimensions were haphazardly selected for sampling from their macro-invertebrate communities. A total of 59120 individuals of macro-invertebrates were counted being represented by 5 species from 3 phyla (i.e., Arthropoda, Annelida, Mollusca). The average taxonomic richness on natural boulders was significantly higher than that of artificial ones, but no significant difference was found in average density of macro-invertebrates between two boulder types. A significant difference in density and taxonomic richness of macro-invertebrates was found among different spatial orientations (i.e. vertical, sloped, horizontal) within and between boulder types. Density and taxonomic richness of macro-invertebrates on natural and artificial boulders were not significantly affected by other structural features including facing, surface complexity and the degree of exposure to the wave action. The results indicate that artificial boulders may mimic natural boulders only for density of macro-invertebrates.

Kaynakça

  • Azim, M.E., Verdegem, M.C.J., Khatoon, H., Wahab, M.A., van Dam, A.A. and Beveridge, M.C.M. 2002. A comparison of fertilization, feeding and three periphyton substrates for increasing fish production in freshwater pond aquaculture in Bangladesh. Aquaculture, 212: 227-243. doi: 10.1016/S00448486(02)00093-5)
  • Badalamenti, F., Chemello, R., D’Anna, G., Henriquez Ramoz, P. and Riggio, S. 2002. Are artificial reefs comparable to neighboring natural rocky areas? A mollusc case study in the Gulf of Castellammare. Journal of Marine Science, 59: 127–131. doi: 1006/jmsc.2002.1265
  • Barannik, V., Borysova, O. and Stolberg, F. 2004. The Caspian Sea Region: Environmental Change. Ambio, 33: 45-51. doi: 10.1639/0044-7447(2004)033%5 B0045:TCSREC%5D2.0.CO;2
  • Barber, J.S., Chosid, D.M., Glenn, R.P. and Whitmore, K.A. 200 A systematic model for artificial reef site selection. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 43: 283–297. doi: 1080/00288330909510001
  • Birshten, Y.A., Vinogradova, L.G., Kondakov, N.N., Koon, M.S., Astakhova, T V. and Romanova, N.N. 1968. Atlas of Invertebrates of the Caspian Sea. Pishchevaya Promyshlennost, Moscow, 413 pp.
  • Bulleri, F. and Airoldi, L. 2005. Artificial marine structures facilitate the spread of a nonindigenous green alga, Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides, in the North Adriatic Sea. Journal of Applied Ecology, 42: 1063– 10 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01096.x
  • Burt, J., Bartholomew, A., Usseglio, P., Bauman, A. and Sale, P.F. 2009. Are artificial reefs surrogates of natural habitats for corals and fish in Dubai, United Arab Emirates? Coral Reefs, 28: 663–675. doi: 1007/s00338-009-0500-1
  • Butler, A.J. 1991. Effect of patch size on communities of sessile invertebrates in Gulf St. Vincent, South Australia. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 153: 225–280.
  • Carr, M.H. and Hixon, M.A. 1997. Artificial reefs: the importance of comparisons with natural reefs. Fisheries, 22: 28– doi: 1577/15488446(1997)022%3C0028:ARTIOC%3E2.0.CO;2
  • Carter, A. and Prekel. S. 2008. Benthic colonization and ecological successional patterns on a planned near shore artificial reef system in Broward County. Proceeding of 11 th International Coral Reef Symposium, SE Florida: 1215-1219.
  • Choi, C.G., Takeuchi, Y., Terawaki, T., Serisawa, Y., Ohno, M. and Sohn, C.H. 2002. Ecology of seaweed beds on two types of artificial reef. Journal of Applied Phycology, 14: 343-349. doi: 1023/A:1022126007684
  • Clarke, K.R. and Warwick, R.M. 2001. Change in marine communities: an approach to statistical analysis and interpretation. Plymouth Marine Laboratory, UK, 144 pp.
  • Falace, A. and Bressan, G. 2002. Evaluation of the influence of inclination of substrate panels on seasonal changes in a macrophytobenthic community. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 59: 116–121. doi: 1006/jmsc.2002.1276
  • Field, S.N., Glassom, D. and Bythell, J. 2007. Effects of artificial settlement plate materials and methods of deployment on the sessile epibenthic community development in a tropical environment. Coral Reefs, 26: 279–289. doi: 10.1007/s00338-006-0191-9
  • Fishbase, 2011. http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Ponti cola- gorlap.html (accessed July 20, 2011).
  • Freitas, C.E.C., Petrere, M. and Barrella, W. 2005. Natural and artificially-induced habitat complexity and freshwater fish species composition. Fisheries Management and Ecology, 12: 63–67. doi: 1111/j.1365-2400.2004.00420.x
  • Glasby, T.M. 2000. Surface composition and orientation interact to affect subtidal epibiota. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 248: 177– 1 doi: 10.1016/S0022-0981(00)00169-6
  • IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) 200 The Sturgeon. Commission on Environmental, Economic and Social Policy (CEESP), 28 pp. Jafari, N. 2010. Review of pollution sources and controls in Caspian Sea region. Journal of Ecology and the Natural Environment, 2: 025-029.
  • Karaman, G.S. and Pinkster, S. 1997. Freshwater Gammarus species from Europe, North Africa and adjacent region of Asia (Crustacea-Amphipoda) PartI. Gammarus pulex group and related species. Bijdr Dierk, 47: 1-79.
  • Lukens, R.R. and Selberg, C. 2004. Guidelines for marine artificial materials. Atlantic and Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commissions, 205 pp.
  • Marchini, A., Sconfietti, R. and Krapp-Schickel, T. 2007. Role of the artificial structures on biodiversity: the case of arthropod fauna in the North Adriatic lagoons. Studi Trentini Di Scienze Naturali Acta Biologica, 83: 27Moghaddam, K.H. 2005. Aquatic invertebrates and their significance in sturgeon biodiversity on the continental shelf of Caspian Sea. Proceeding of 40th European Marine Biology Symposium, 21- 25.
  • Nasrolahi, A., Farahani, F. and Saifabadi, S.J. 2006. Effect of salinity on larval development and survival of the Caspian Sea barnacle, Balanus improvisus Darwin. (1854). Journal of Biological Sciences, 6: 1103-1107. doi: 3923/jbs.2006.1103.1107
  • Nybakken, J.W. and Bertness, M.D. 2005. Marine biology: an ecological approach. Pearson education, Inc, Publishing as Benjamin Cummings, San Francisco, 579 pp.
  • Oren, U. and Benayahu, Y. 1997. Transplantation of juvenile corals: a new approach for enhancing colonization of artificial reefs. Marine Biology, 127: 499-50 doi: 10.1007/s002270050038
  • Pacheco, A.S., Laudien, J., Thiel, M., Heilmayer, O. and Oliva, M. 2010. Hard-bottom succession of subtidal epibenthic communities colonizing hidden and exposed surfaces off northern Chile. Scientia Marina, 74: 147-154. doi: 10.3989/scimar.2010.74n1147
  • Perkol-Finkel, S. and Benayahu, Y. 2004. Community structure of stony and soft corals on vertical unplanned artificial reefs in Eilat (Red Sea): comparison to natural reefs. Coral Reefs, 23: 195– 20 doi: 10.1007/s00338-004-0384-z
  • Perkol-Finkel, S. and Benayahu, Y. 2007. Differential recruitment of benthic communities on neighboring artificial and natural reefs. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 340: 25-39. doi: 1016/j.jembe.2006.08.008
  • Perkol-Finkel, S., Shashar, N. and Benayahu, Y. 2006. Can artificial reefs mimic natural reef communities? The roles of structural features and age. Marine Environmental Research, 61: 121–135. doi: 1016/j.marenvres.2005.08.001
  • Pickering, H. and Whitmarsh, D. 1997. Artificial reefs and fisheries exploitation: a review of the ‘attraction versus production’ debate, the influence of design and its significance for policy. Fisheries Research, 31: 39– doi: 10.1016/S0165-7836(97)00019-2
  • Pondella, D.J., Stephens, J.S. and Craig, M.T. 2002. Fish production of a temperate artificial reef based on the density of embiotocids. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 59: 88–93. doi: 10.1006/jmsc.2002.1219
  • Rilov, G. and Benayahu, Y. 2000. Fish assemblage on natural versus vertical artificial reefs: the rehabilitation perspective. Marine Biology, 136: 931– 9 doi: 10.1007/s002279900250
  • Sanders, I.M. and Ruiz, I. 2007. The impact of artificial reefs on fish diversity and community composition in Isla Ratones, western Puerto Rico. Proceeding of 60th Gulf Caribian Fish Institute, 407-411.
  • Sokal, R. R. and Rohlf, F.J. 1995. Biometry: the principles and practice of statistics in biological research. W.H. Freeman, New York, 887 pp.
  • Spieler, R.E., Gilliam, D.S. and Sherman, R.L. 2001. Artificial substrate and coral reef restoration: What do we need to know to know what we need. Bulletin of Marine Science, 69: 1013–1030.
  • Stock, J.H., Mirzajani, A.R., Vonk, R., Naderi, S. and Kiabi, B.H. 1998. Limnic and brackish water amphipoda (crustacea) from Iran. Beaufort, 48: 1732
  • Taheri, M., Seyfabadi, J., Abtahi, B. and Foshtomi, M.Y. 200 Population changes and reproduction of an alien spionid polychaete, Streblospio gynobranchiata, in shallow waters of the south Caspian Sea. Marine Biodiversity Records, 2: 1-5. doi: 1017/S1755267208000201 ter Braak, C.J.F. and Smilauer, P. 2002. CANOCO reference manual and CanoDraw for windows user’s guide: software for canonical community ordination (version 5). Microcomputer Power, Ithaca NewYork, 500 pp.
  • Tyrrell, M.C. and Byers, J.E. 2007. Do artificial substrates favor nonindigenous fouling species over native species? Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 342: 54–60. doi: 1016/j.jembe.2006.10.014
  • Underwood, A.J. and Chapman, M.G. 1984. ‘GMAV-5’. University of Sydney, Sydney.
  • Unesco, 2003. Caspian Sea regional country analysis brief: Environmental issues, 200 http://www.unesco.org/mab/doc/mys/2002/ayati/ayati. pdf (accessed July 07, 2011).
  • Vaselli, S., Bulleri, F. and Benedetti-Cecchi, L. 2008. Hard coastal-defence structures as habitats for native and exotic rocky-bottom species. Marine Environmental Research, 66: 395–403. doi: 1016/j.marenvres.2008.06.002
  • Walters, L.J. and Wethey, D.S. 1996. Settlement and early post-settlement survival of sessile marine invertebrates on topographically complex surfaces: the importance of refuge dimensions and adult morphology. Marine Ecology Program Series, 137: 161-1 doi: 10.3354/meps137161
  • Zander, C.D. and Hagemann, T. 1989. Feeding ecology of littoral Gobiid and Blennioid fishes of the Banyuls area (Mediterranean Sea). III. Seasonal variation. Scientia Marina, 53: 441-449.

Do Cement Boulders Mimic Natural Boulders for Macro-Invertebrates in the Southern Caspian Sea?

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, - , 07.07.2014
https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v14_1_17

Öz

The macro-invertebrates on natural (rock) and artificial (cement) boulders were compared along the southern Caspian Sea and the effect of structural features of boulders (i.e. orientation, facing, surface complexity, the degree of exposure to the wave action) on macro-invertebrate communities were investigated. Ten locations with rock walls in the southern Caspian Sea were investigated in which the isolated boulders of natural and artificial types with similar dimensions were haphazardly selected for sampling from their macro-invertebrate communities. A total of 59120 individuals of macro-invertebrates were counted being represented by 5 species from 3 phyla (i.e., Arthropoda, Annelida, Mollusca). The average taxonomic richness on natural boulders was significantly higher than that of artificial ones, but no significant difference was found in average density of macro-invertebrates between two boulder types. A significant difference in density and taxonomic richness of macro-invertebrates was found among different spatial orientations (i.e. vertical, sloped, horizontal) within and between boulder types. Density and taxonomic richness of macro-invertebrates on natural and artificial boulders were not significantly affected by other structural features including facing, surface complexity and the degree of exposure to the wave action. The results indicate that artificial boulders may mimic natural boulders only for density of macro-invertebrates.

Kaynakça

  • Azim, M.E., Verdegem, M.C.J., Khatoon, H., Wahab, M.A., van Dam, A.A. and Beveridge, M.C.M. 2002. A comparison of fertilization, feeding and three periphyton substrates for increasing fish production in freshwater pond aquaculture in Bangladesh. Aquaculture, 212: 227-243. doi: 10.1016/S00448486(02)00093-5)
  • Badalamenti, F., Chemello, R., D’Anna, G., Henriquez Ramoz, P. and Riggio, S. 2002. Are artificial reefs comparable to neighboring natural rocky areas? A mollusc case study in the Gulf of Castellammare. Journal of Marine Science, 59: 127–131. doi: 1006/jmsc.2002.1265
  • Barannik, V., Borysova, O. and Stolberg, F. 2004. The Caspian Sea Region: Environmental Change. Ambio, 33: 45-51. doi: 10.1639/0044-7447(2004)033%5 B0045:TCSREC%5D2.0.CO;2
  • Barber, J.S., Chosid, D.M., Glenn, R.P. and Whitmore, K.A. 200 A systematic model for artificial reef site selection. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 43: 283–297. doi: 1080/00288330909510001
  • Birshten, Y.A., Vinogradova, L.G., Kondakov, N.N., Koon, M.S., Astakhova, T V. and Romanova, N.N. 1968. Atlas of Invertebrates of the Caspian Sea. Pishchevaya Promyshlennost, Moscow, 413 pp.
  • Bulleri, F. and Airoldi, L. 2005. Artificial marine structures facilitate the spread of a nonindigenous green alga, Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides, in the North Adriatic Sea. Journal of Applied Ecology, 42: 1063– 10 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01096.x
  • Burt, J., Bartholomew, A., Usseglio, P., Bauman, A. and Sale, P.F. 2009. Are artificial reefs surrogates of natural habitats for corals and fish in Dubai, United Arab Emirates? Coral Reefs, 28: 663–675. doi: 1007/s00338-009-0500-1
  • Butler, A.J. 1991. Effect of patch size on communities of sessile invertebrates in Gulf St. Vincent, South Australia. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 153: 225–280.
  • Carr, M.H. and Hixon, M.A. 1997. Artificial reefs: the importance of comparisons with natural reefs. Fisheries, 22: 28– doi: 1577/15488446(1997)022%3C0028:ARTIOC%3E2.0.CO;2
  • Carter, A. and Prekel. S. 2008. Benthic colonization and ecological successional patterns on a planned near shore artificial reef system in Broward County. Proceeding of 11 th International Coral Reef Symposium, SE Florida: 1215-1219.
  • Choi, C.G., Takeuchi, Y., Terawaki, T., Serisawa, Y., Ohno, M. and Sohn, C.H. 2002. Ecology of seaweed beds on two types of artificial reef. Journal of Applied Phycology, 14: 343-349. doi: 1023/A:1022126007684
  • Clarke, K.R. and Warwick, R.M. 2001. Change in marine communities: an approach to statistical analysis and interpretation. Plymouth Marine Laboratory, UK, 144 pp.
  • Falace, A. and Bressan, G. 2002. Evaluation of the influence of inclination of substrate panels on seasonal changes in a macrophytobenthic community. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 59: 116–121. doi: 1006/jmsc.2002.1276
  • Field, S.N., Glassom, D. and Bythell, J. 2007. Effects of artificial settlement plate materials and methods of deployment on the sessile epibenthic community development in a tropical environment. Coral Reefs, 26: 279–289. doi: 10.1007/s00338-006-0191-9
  • Fishbase, 2011. http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Ponti cola- gorlap.html (accessed July 20, 2011).
  • Freitas, C.E.C., Petrere, M. and Barrella, W. 2005. Natural and artificially-induced habitat complexity and freshwater fish species composition. Fisheries Management and Ecology, 12: 63–67. doi: 1111/j.1365-2400.2004.00420.x
  • Glasby, T.M. 2000. Surface composition and orientation interact to affect subtidal epibiota. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 248: 177– 1 doi: 10.1016/S0022-0981(00)00169-6
  • IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) 200 The Sturgeon. Commission on Environmental, Economic and Social Policy (CEESP), 28 pp. Jafari, N. 2010. Review of pollution sources and controls in Caspian Sea region. Journal of Ecology and the Natural Environment, 2: 025-029.
  • Karaman, G.S. and Pinkster, S. 1997. Freshwater Gammarus species from Europe, North Africa and adjacent region of Asia (Crustacea-Amphipoda) PartI. Gammarus pulex group and related species. Bijdr Dierk, 47: 1-79.
  • Lukens, R.R. and Selberg, C. 2004. Guidelines for marine artificial materials. Atlantic and Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commissions, 205 pp.
  • Marchini, A., Sconfietti, R. and Krapp-Schickel, T. 2007. Role of the artificial structures on biodiversity: the case of arthropod fauna in the North Adriatic lagoons. Studi Trentini Di Scienze Naturali Acta Biologica, 83: 27Moghaddam, K.H. 2005. Aquatic invertebrates and their significance in sturgeon biodiversity on the continental shelf of Caspian Sea. Proceeding of 40th European Marine Biology Symposium, 21- 25.
  • Nasrolahi, A., Farahani, F. and Saifabadi, S.J. 2006. Effect of salinity on larval development and survival of the Caspian Sea barnacle, Balanus improvisus Darwin. (1854). Journal of Biological Sciences, 6: 1103-1107. doi: 3923/jbs.2006.1103.1107
  • Nybakken, J.W. and Bertness, M.D. 2005. Marine biology: an ecological approach. Pearson education, Inc, Publishing as Benjamin Cummings, San Francisco, 579 pp.
  • Oren, U. and Benayahu, Y. 1997. Transplantation of juvenile corals: a new approach for enhancing colonization of artificial reefs. Marine Biology, 127: 499-50 doi: 10.1007/s002270050038
  • Pacheco, A.S., Laudien, J., Thiel, M., Heilmayer, O. and Oliva, M. 2010. Hard-bottom succession of subtidal epibenthic communities colonizing hidden and exposed surfaces off northern Chile. Scientia Marina, 74: 147-154. doi: 10.3989/scimar.2010.74n1147
  • Perkol-Finkel, S. and Benayahu, Y. 2004. Community structure of stony and soft corals on vertical unplanned artificial reefs in Eilat (Red Sea): comparison to natural reefs. Coral Reefs, 23: 195– 20 doi: 10.1007/s00338-004-0384-z
  • Perkol-Finkel, S. and Benayahu, Y. 2007. Differential recruitment of benthic communities on neighboring artificial and natural reefs. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 340: 25-39. doi: 1016/j.jembe.2006.08.008
  • Perkol-Finkel, S., Shashar, N. and Benayahu, Y. 2006. Can artificial reefs mimic natural reef communities? The roles of structural features and age. Marine Environmental Research, 61: 121–135. doi: 1016/j.marenvres.2005.08.001
  • Pickering, H. and Whitmarsh, D. 1997. Artificial reefs and fisheries exploitation: a review of the ‘attraction versus production’ debate, the influence of design and its significance for policy. Fisheries Research, 31: 39– doi: 10.1016/S0165-7836(97)00019-2
  • Pondella, D.J., Stephens, J.S. and Craig, M.T. 2002. Fish production of a temperate artificial reef based on the density of embiotocids. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 59: 88–93. doi: 10.1006/jmsc.2002.1219
  • Rilov, G. and Benayahu, Y. 2000. Fish assemblage on natural versus vertical artificial reefs: the rehabilitation perspective. Marine Biology, 136: 931– 9 doi: 10.1007/s002279900250
  • Sanders, I.M. and Ruiz, I. 2007. The impact of artificial reefs on fish diversity and community composition in Isla Ratones, western Puerto Rico. Proceeding of 60th Gulf Caribian Fish Institute, 407-411.
  • Sokal, R. R. and Rohlf, F.J. 1995. Biometry: the principles and practice of statistics in biological research. W.H. Freeman, New York, 887 pp.
  • Spieler, R.E., Gilliam, D.S. and Sherman, R.L. 2001. Artificial substrate and coral reef restoration: What do we need to know to know what we need. Bulletin of Marine Science, 69: 1013–1030.
  • Stock, J.H., Mirzajani, A.R., Vonk, R., Naderi, S. and Kiabi, B.H. 1998. Limnic and brackish water amphipoda (crustacea) from Iran. Beaufort, 48: 1732
  • Taheri, M., Seyfabadi, J., Abtahi, B. and Foshtomi, M.Y. 200 Population changes and reproduction of an alien spionid polychaete, Streblospio gynobranchiata, in shallow waters of the south Caspian Sea. Marine Biodiversity Records, 2: 1-5. doi: 1017/S1755267208000201 ter Braak, C.J.F. and Smilauer, P. 2002. CANOCO reference manual and CanoDraw for windows user’s guide: software for canonical community ordination (version 5). Microcomputer Power, Ithaca NewYork, 500 pp.
  • Tyrrell, M.C. and Byers, J.E. 2007. Do artificial substrates favor nonindigenous fouling species over native species? Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 342: 54–60. doi: 1016/j.jembe.2006.10.014
  • Underwood, A.J. and Chapman, M.G. 1984. ‘GMAV-5’. University of Sydney, Sydney.
  • Unesco, 2003. Caspian Sea regional country analysis brief: Environmental issues, 200 http://www.unesco.org/mab/doc/mys/2002/ayati/ayati. pdf (accessed July 07, 2011).
  • Vaselli, S., Bulleri, F. and Benedetti-Cecchi, L. 2008. Hard coastal-defence structures as habitats for native and exotic rocky-bottom species. Marine Environmental Research, 66: 395–403. doi: 1016/j.marenvres.2008.06.002
  • Walters, L.J. and Wethey, D.S. 1996. Settlement and early post-settlement survival of sessile marine invertebrates on topographically complex surfaces: the importance of refuge dimensions and adult morphology. Marine Ecology Program Series, 137: 161-1 doi: 10.3354/meps137161
  • Zander, C.D. and Hagemann, T. 1989. Feeding ecology of littoral Gobiid and Blennioid fishes of the Banyuls area (Mediterranean Sea). III. Seasonal variation. Scientia Marina, 53: 441-449.
Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Fatemeh Pourjomeh Bu kişi benim

Mohammad Reza Shokri Bu kişi benim

Bahram Kiabi Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 7 Temmuz 2014
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2014 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Pourjomeh, F., Shokri, M. R., & Kiabi, B. (2014). Do Cement Boulders Mimic Natural Boulders for Macro-Invertebrates in the Southern Caspian Sea?. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v14_1_17
AMA Pourjomeh F, Shokri MR, Kiabi B. Do Cement Boulders Mimic Natural Boulders for Macro-Invertebrates in the Southern Caspian Sea?. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. Şubat 2014;14(1). doi:10.4194/1303-2712-v14_1_17
Chicago Pourjomeh, Fatemeh, Mohammad Reza Shokri, ve Bahram Kiabi. “Do Cement Boulders Mimic Natural Boulders for Macro-Invertebrates in the Southern Caspian Sea?”. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 14, sy. 1 (Şubat 2014). https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v14_1_17.
EndNote Pourjomeh F, Shokri MR, Kiabi B (01 Şubat 2014) Do Cement Boulders Mimic Natural Boulders for Macro-Invertebrates in the Southern Caspian Sea?. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 14 1
IEEE F. Pourjomeh, M. R. Shokri, ve B. Kiabi, “Do Cement Boulders Mimic Natural Boulders for Macro-Invertebrates in the Southern Caspian Sea?”, Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, c. 14, sy. 1, 2014, doi: 10.4194/1303-2712-v14_1_17.
ISNAD Pourjomeh, Fatemeh vd. “Do Cement Boulders Mimic Natural Boulders for Macro-Invertebrates in the Southern Caspian Sea?”. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 14/1 (Şubat 2014). https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v14_1_17.
JAMA Pourjomeh F, Shokri MR, Kiabi B. Do Cement Boulders Mimic Natural Boulders for Macro-Invertebrates in the Southern Caspian Sea?. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 2014;14. doi:10.4194/1303-2712-v14_1_17.
MLA Pourjomeh, Fatemeh vd. “Do Cement Boulders Mimic Natural Boulders for Macro-Invertebrates in the Southern Caspian Sea?”. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, c. 14, sy. 1, 2014, doi:10.4194/1303-2712-v14_1_17.
Vancouver Pourjomeh F, Shokri MR, Kiabi B. Do Cement Boulders Mimic Natural Boulders for Macro-Invertebrates in the Southern Caspian Sea?. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 2014;14(1).