Hemingway in Turkey: Historical Contexts and Cultural Intertexts

Yıl 2005, Cilt: 69 Sayı: 255, 629 - 642, 20.08.2005

Himmet Umunç

https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2005.629

Öz

As a young reporter, Ernest Hemingway visited İstanbul and the
Thracian part of Turkey between 29 September and 18 October 1922.
During his stay, he closely followed the military and political consequences
of the Great Offensive, which was a major stage in the Turkish War of
Independence, and also witnessed at first hand the Greek evacuation of
eastern Thrace. His impressions of the İstanbul under occupation and also
his observations of the events and developments at the time were included in
the short stories which he wrote later on. In his fictions, he described and
represented his observations fronı a point of view which was against Mustafa
Kemal and Turkey, and, since he wrote in a mood supportive of the Allies
and their invading forces, he failed to grasp the principles of righteousness
and national independence, upon which the Turkish War of Independence
was fought. This article is a study, within the context of the Turkish War of
Independence, of Hemingway's anti-Turkish attitude crystallized in his
desriptions and fıctions related to Turkey.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ernest Hemingway, Istanbul, Turkey, History

Kaynakça

• "Theory, Themes and Practice of American Studies in a Turkish Context," Hotel Princess , Izmir, 6-8 Nov. 1996.
• Hemingway, Ernest. in Our Time (1925; New York: Scribner, 1958)
• See Hemingway, The Snows of Kilimanjaro and Other Stories (London: Grafton, 1977)
• Aydemir, Şevket Süreyya, Tek Adam: Mustafa Kemal, 3 vols. (İstanbul: Remzi, 1985- 87)
• Kinross, Lord, Atatürk: The Rebirth of a Nation (1964; Nicosia: K. Rustem and Brother, 1981)
• Atatürk, Kemal, Nutuk, 1919-1927, (1927; Ankara: Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi, 1989)
• Belen, Fahri, Türk Kurtuluş Savaşı: Askeri, Siyasi ve Sosyal Yönleriyle (Ankara: Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı, 1983
• Walder, David, The Chanak Alfair (London: Hutchinson, 1969)
• Adıvar, Halide Edib, İzmir'den Bursa'ya: Hikayeler, Mektuplar ve Yunan Ordusunun Sorumluluğuna Dair Bir İnceleme, 3rd ed. (1922; İstanbul: Atlas, n.d.)
• Akşin, Sina, İstanbul Hükümetleri ve Milli Mücadele (İstanbul: Cem, 1976)
• Hüsrev Gerede'nin Anıları: Kurtuluş Savaşı, Atatürk ve Devrimler (19 Mayıs 1919-10 Kasım 1938), ed. Sami Önal (İstanbul: Literatür Yayıncılık, 2002)
• Özalp, Kazım, Milli Mücadele, 1919-1922, 2 vols. (Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 1971-72)
• Baker,Carlos, Ernest Hemingway: A Life Stoly (New Yol-k: Scribner, 1969)
• Tetlow, Wendolyn E., Hemingway's In Our Time: Lyrical Dimensions (London: Associated University Presses, 1992)