Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

The Relationships of Gender Roles in Driving Context with Driver Behaviors and Driving Skills

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 78 - 92, 31.10.2019
https://doi.org/10.38002/tuad.531596

Öz



Road
traffic accidents are one of the important public health problems in Turkey and
all over the world. Previous studies show that two dimensions of human factors,
driver behaviors and driving skills, were related to the unsafe driving
outcomes. In the present study, the relationship between gender, gender roles,
driver behaviors and driving skills were investigated. For this aim, 146 males
and 82 females, a total number of 228 drivers, between the ages of 18 – 63 (M = 23.03, SD = 4.56) participated in the study. Participants filled out an
online questionnaire package including a demographic information form, BEM
Sex-Role Inventory, Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) and Driver Skills
Inventory (DSI). According to the results, female drivers showed more lapses
whereas male drivers showed more perceptual-motor skills. Regression analysis
showed that violations were positively related to masculinity and negatively
related to femininity. Moreover, both femininity and masculinity were
positively related to positive driver behaviors and perceptual-motor skills.
The results showed that gender roles, especially femininity, have important
effects on driver behaviors and driving skills. Giving greater emphasis on
femininity in countermeasure programs such as education programs and public
service advertisements related to road safety and increasing interventions are
expected to have a positive effect on road safety.

Kaynakça

  • Archer, J. ve Lloyd, B. B. (2002) Sex and Gender. 2nd Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Bem, S. L. (1974). The measurement of psychological androgyny. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42(2), 155–162. doi:10.1037/h0036215
  • Bem, S. L. (1981). Bem sex role inventory: Professional manual. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
  • Bener, A. ve Crundall, D. (2008). Role of gender and driver behaviour in road traffic crashes. International Journal of Crashwortiness, 13(3), 331–336. doi:10.1080/13588260801942684
  • de Winter, J. C. F. ve Dodou, D. (2010). The Driver Behaviour Questionnaire as a predictor of accidents: A meta-analysis. Journal of Safety Research, 41, 463–470. doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2010.10.007
  • Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (2018). Global status report on road safety 2018. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/276462/9789241565684-eng.pdf?ua=1
  • Elander, J., West, R. ve French, D. (1993). Behavioral correlates of individual differences in road-traffic crash risk: An examination of methods and findings. Psychological Bulletin, 113(2), 279–294.
  • González-Iglesias, B., Gómez-Fraguela, J. A. ve Luengo-Martín, M. A. (2012). Driving anger and traffic violations: Gender differences. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 15, 404–412. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2012.03.002
  • Holland, C., Geraghty, J. ve Shah, K. (2010). Differential moderating effect of locus of control on effect of driving experience in young male and female drivers. Personality and Individual Differences, 48, 821–826. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.02.003
  • Krahé, B. ve Fenske, I. (2002). Predicting aggressive behavior: The role of macho personality, age, and power of car. Aggressive Behavior, 28, 21–29. doi:10.1002/ab.90003
  • Lajunen, T. ve Özkan, T. (2004). Kültür, güvenlik kültürü, Türkiye ve Avrupa’da trafik güvenliği (Rapor No: SBB-3023). Ankara: Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu.
  • Lajunen, T. ve Summala, H. (1995). Driving experience, personality, and skill and safety-motive dimensions in drivers’ self-assessments. Personality and Individual Differences, 19(3), 307–318. doi:10.1016/0191-8869(95)00068-H
  • Lawton, R., Parker, D., Manstead, A. S. R. ve Stradling, S. G. (1997). The role of affect in predicting social behaviors: The case of road traffic violations. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 27(14), 1258–1276. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1997.tb01805.x
  • Martinussen, L. M., Møller, M. ve Prato, C. G. (2017). Accuracy of young male drivers’ self-assessments of driving skill. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 46, 228–235. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2017.03.001
  • Mesken, J., Lajunen, T. ve Summala, H. (2002). Interpersonal violations, speeding violations and their relation to accident involvement in Finland. Ergonomics, 45(7), 469–483. doi:10.1080/00140130210129682
  • Moè, A., Cadinu, M. ve Maass, A. (2015). Women drive better if not stereotyped. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 85, 199–206. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2015.09.021
  • Özkan, T. ve Lajunen, T. (2005a). A new addition to DBQ: Positive Driver Behaviours Scale. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 8, 355–368. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2005.04.018
  • Özkan, T. ve Lajunen, T. (2005b). Why are there sex differences in risky driving? The relationship between sex and gender-role on aggressive driving, traffic offences, and accident involvement among young Turkish drivers. Aggressive Behavior, 31, 547–558. doi:10.1002/ab.20062
  • Özkan, T. ve Lajunen, T. (2005c). Masculinity, femininity, and the Bem Sex Role Inventory in Turkey. Sex Roles, 52, 103–110. doi:10.1007/s11199-005-1197-4
  • Özkan, T. ve Lajunen, T. (2006). What causes the differences in driving between young men and women? The effects of gender roles and sex on young drivers’ driving behaviour and self-assessment of skills. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 9, 269–277. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2006.01.005
  • Özkan, T. ve Lajunen, T. (2011). Person and environment: Traffic culture. İçinde B. E. Porter (Eds.), Handbook of Traffic Psychology (s.179-192). San Diego, CA: Elsevier.
  • Öztürk, İ. ve Özkan, T. (2018). Genç sürücülerde sürücü becerileri ve sürücü davranışları arasındaki ilişki. Trafik ve Ulaşım Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(2), 1–15.
  • Reason, J. T., Manstead, A. S. R., Stradling, S., Baxter, J. ve Campbell, K. (1990). Errors and violations on the roads: A real distinction?. Ergonomics, 33, 1315–1332. doi:10.1080/00140139008925335
  • Sibley, C. G. ve Harré, N. (2009). A gender role socialization model of explicit and implicit biases in driving self-enhancement. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 12, 452–461. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2009.08.006
  • Sullman, M. J. M., Paxion, J. ve Stephens, A. N. (2017a). Gender roles, sex and the expression of driving anger. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 106, 23–30. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2017.05.016
  • Sullman, M. J. M., Stephens, A. N. ve Hill, T. (2017b). Gender roles and the expression of driving anger among Ukrainian drivers. Risk Analysis, 37(1), 52–64. doi:10.1111/risa.12592
  • Sümer, N., Özkan, T. ve Lajunen, T. (2006). Asymmetric relationship between driving and safety skills. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 38(4), 703–711. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2005.12.016
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (2018). Karayolu Trafik Kaza İstatistikleri, 2017. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=27668
  • Xu, J., Liu, J., Sun, X., Zhang, K., Qu, W. ve Ge, Y. (2018). The relationship between driving skill and driving behavior: Psychometric adaptation of the Driver Skill Inventory in China. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 120, 92–100. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2018.07.032

Trafik Ortamında Cinsiyet Rollerinin Sürücü Davranışları ve Sürüş Becerileriyle İlişkisi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 78 - 92, 31.10.2019
https://doi.org/10.38002/tuad.531596

Öz



Trafik kazaları hem Türkiye’de hem de dünya genelinde önemli halk sağlığı
problemlerinden biri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Alanyazında yer alan
çalışmalar sürücülükte insan faktörlerinin iki temel boyutu olan sürücü
davranışları ve sürüş becerilerinin trafikteki olumsuz çıktılarla yakından
ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışma kapsamında cinsiyet ve cinsiyet
rollerinin sürücü davranışları ve sürüş becerileriyle olan ilişkisi
araştırılmaktadır. Bu amaçla, çalışmaya toplam 146’sı erkek ve 82’si kadın
olmak üzere 18 – 63 yaşları arasında (Ort. = 23.03, SS = 4.56)
228 sürücü katılmıştır. Katılımcılardan demografik bilgi formu, BEM Cinsiyet
Rolleri Ölçeği, Sürücü Davranışları Ölçeği ve Sürücü Becerileri Ölçeği’nden
oluşan bir çevrimiçi anket bataryası tamamlamaları istenmiştir. Çalışma
sonuçlarına göre kadın sürücüler erkek sürücülere göre daha fazla ihmal
gösterirken; erkek sürücüler daha yüksek algısal-motor becerilere sahiptir.
Yapılan aşamalı regresyon analizleri, ihlallerin erkeksilik ile pozitif,
kadınsılık ile ise negatif ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca, hem
kadınsılık hem de erkeksilik olumlu sürücü davranışları ve algısal-motor
beceriler ile pozitif yönde ilişkili bulunmuştur. Bulgular, cinsiyet
rollerinin, özellikle de kadınsılık özelliklerinin sürücü davranışları ve
sürücü becerileri için olumlu bir etkisi olduğunu göstermektedir. Trafik
güvenliğine yönelik yapılan eğitim ve kamu spotu gibi karşı önlem
çalışmalarında kadınsılık özelliklerine daha fazla yer verilmesi ve belirtilen
bu özellikleri ön plana çıkaran uygulamaların artırılmasının trafik güvenliği
için olumlu etkilerde bulunması beklenmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Archer, J. ve Lloyd, B. B. (2002) Sex and Gender. 2nd Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Bem, S. L. (1974). The measurement of psychological androgyny. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42(2), 155–162. doi:10.1037/h0036215
  • Bem, S. L. (1981). Bem sex role inventory: Professional manual. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
  • Bener, A. ve Crundall, D. (2008). Role of gender and driver behaviour in road traffic crashes. International Journal of Crashwortiness, 13(3), 331–336. doi:10.1080/13588260801942684
  • de Winter, J. C. F. ve Dodou, D. (2010). The Driver Behaviour Questionnaire as a predictor of accidents: A meta-analysis. Journal of Safety Research, 41, 463–470. doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2010.10.007
  • Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (2018). Global status report on road safety 2018. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/276462/9789241565684-eng.pdf?ua=1
  • Elander, J., West, R. ve French, D. (1993). Behavioral correlates of individual differences in road-traffic crash risk: An examination of methods and findings. Psychological Bulletin, 113(2), 279–294.
  • González-Iglesias, B., Gómez-Fraguela, J. A. ve Luengo-Martín, M. A. (2012). Driving anger and traffic violations: Gender differences. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 15, 404–412. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2012.03.002
  • Holland, C., Geraghty, J. ve Shah, K. (2010). Differential moderating effect of locus of control on effect of driving experience in young male and female drivers. Personality and Individual Differences, 48, 821–826. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.02.003
  • Krahé, B. ve Fenske, I. (2002). Predicting aggressive behavior: The role of macho personality, age, and power of car. Aggressive Behavior, 28, 21–29. doi:10.1002/ab.90003
  • Lajunen, T. ve Özkan, T. (2004). Kültür, güvenlik kültürü, Türkiye ve Avrupa’da trafik güvenliği (Rapor No: SBB-3023). Ankara: Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu.
  • Lajunen, T. ve Summala, H. (1995). Driving experience, personality, and skill and safety-motive dimensions in drivers’ self-assessments. Personality and Individual Differences, 19(3), 307–318. doi:10.1016/0191-8869(95)00068-H
  • Lawton, R., Parker, D., Manstead, A. S. R. ve Stradling, S. G. (1997). The role of affect in predicting social behaviors: The case of road traffic violations. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 27(14), 1258–1276. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1997.tb01805.x
  • Martinussen, L. M., Møller, M. ve Prato, C. G. (2017). Accuracy of young male drivers’ self-assessments of driving skill. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 46, 228–235. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2017.03.001
  • Mesken, J., Lajunen, T. ve Summala, H. (2002). Interpersonal violations, speeding violations and their relation to accident involvement in Finland. Ergonomics, 45(7), 469–483. doi:10.1080/00140130210129682
  • Moè, A., Cadinu, M. ve Maass, A. (2015). Women drive better if not stereotyped. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 85, 199–206. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2015.09.021
  • Özkan, T. ve Lajunen, T. (2005a). A new addition to DBQ: Positive Driver Behaviours Scale. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 8, 355–368. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2005.04.018
  • Özkan, T. ve Lajunen, T. (2005b). Why are there sex differences in risky driving? The relationship between sex and gender-role on aggressive driving, traffic offences, and accident involvement among young Turkish drivers. Aggressive Behavior, 31, 547–558. doi:10.1002/ab.20062
  • Özkan, T. ve Lajunen, T. (2005c). Masculinity, femininity, and the Bem Sex Role Inventory in Turkey. Sex Roles, 52, 103–110. doi:10.1007/s11199-005-1197-4
  • Özkan, T. ve Lajunen, T. (2006). What causes the differences in driving between young men and women? The effects of gender roles and sex on young drivers’ driving behaviour and self-assessment of skills. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 9, 269–277. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2006.01.005
  • Özkan, T. ve Lajunen, T. (2011). Person and environment: Traffic culture. İçinde B. E. Porter (Eds.), Handbook of Traffic Psychology (s.179-192). San Diego, CA: Elsevier.
  • Öztürk, İ. ve Özkan, T. (2018). Genç sürücülerde sürücü becerileri ve sürücü davranışları arasındaki ilişki. Trafik ve Ulaşım Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(2), 1–15.
  • Reason, J. T., Manstead, A. S. R., Stradling, S., Baxter, J. ve Campbell, K. (1990). Errors and violations on the roads: A real distinction?. Ergonomics, 33, 1315–1332. doi:10.1080/00140139008925335
  • Sibley, C. G. ve Harré, N. (2009). A gender role socialization model of explicit and implicit biases in driving self-enhancement. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 12, 452–461. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2009.08.006
  • Sullman, M. J. M., Paxion, J. ve Stephens, A. N. (2017a). Gender roles, sex and the expression of driving anger. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 106, 23–30. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2017.05.016
  • Sullman, M. J. M., Stephens, A. N. ve Hill, T. (2017b). Gender roles and the expression of driving anger among Ukrainian drivers. Risk Analysis, 37(1), 52–64. doi:10.1111/risa.12592
  • Sümer, N., Özkan, T. ve Lajunen, T. (2006). Asymmetric relationship between driving and safety skills. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 38(4), 703–711. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2005.12.016
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (2018). Karayolu Trafik Kaza İstatistikleri, 2017. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=27668
  • Xu, J., Liu, J., Sun, X., Zhang, K., Qu, W. ve Ge, Y. (2018). The relationship between driving skill and driving behavior: Psychometric adaptation of the Driver Skill Inventory in China. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 120, 92–100. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2018.07.032
Toplam 29 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Psikoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

İbrahim Öztürk 0000-0002-5113-1225

Gizem Fındık 0000-0001-8245-6324

Türker Özkan 0000-0002-5501-9257

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ekim 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Öztürk, İ., Fındık, G., & Özkan, T. (2019). Trafik Ortamında Cinsiyet Rollerinin Sürücü Davranışları ve Sürüş Becerileriyle İlişkisi. Trafik Ve Ulaşım Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 78-92. https://doi.org/10.38002/tuad.531596