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Anger among Young Drivers: A Qualitative Study

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 1 - 27, 30.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.38002/tuad.631087

Öz

Traffic system, which includes human factors, is an open system that drivers can experience the emotion of anger through either dangerous driving experiences or interactions with other road users. The state of anger that could be observed especially within young driver group, predicts various driving related variables from risk perception to aberrant driving. The main aim of this research is to extensively examine the anger of young driver group as a result of their experiences within traffic. For that purpose, participants were asked to recall a traffic experience that caused them to feel profound anger, and they were asked certain questions related to their specific memory. This study is a qualitative study that have analyzed the transcriptions of 7 male and 7 female participants, 14 in total, which their transcriptions have been acquired through interviews. In this study, Thematic Analysis is preferred and the analysis revealed four themes and fifteen subthemes. Related with the theme of “The Reason of the Incident”, “Intentional Behaviors”, “Individual Characteristics”, “Interactive and Changeable Traffic System”, “Inattentiveness” and “Female Driver” were revealed. Related with “Emotions Felt”, “Anger”, “Frustration”, “Fear”, “Responsibility for Others” and “Long-term Emotional Effects” were revealed. While the theme of “The Main Source of Anger” stands on its own, the last theme, “Reactions after the Incident”, have revealed the subthemes of “Constructive Approach”, “Retaliation”, “Reactions through Gestures and Facial Expressions”, “Communicating through Vehicle” and “Coping”. To examine the relationship between themes, code co-occurrence model of MAXQDA software was used and the revealed affiliations were discussed through theories and phenomena of social psychology literature.

Kaynakça

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  • Berdoulat, E., Vavassori, D. ve Sastre, M. T. M. (2013). Driving anger, emotional and instrumental aggressiveness, and impulsiveness in the prediction of aggressive and transgressive driving. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 50, 758-767. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2012.06.029
  • Bıçaksız, P. ve Özkan, T. (2016). Impulsivity and driver behaviors, offences and accident involvement: A systematic review. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 38, 194-223, doi:10.1016/j.trf.2015.06.001
  • Bogdan, S. R., Măirean, C. ve Havârneanu, C. E. (2016a). A meta-analysis of the association between anger and aggressive driving. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 42, 350-364, doi:10.1016/j.trf.2016.05.009
  • Bogdan, S. R., Măirean, C. ve Havârneanu, C. E. (2016b). A meta-analysis of the association between anger and aggressive driving. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 42, 350–364. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2016.05.009
  • Braun, V. ve Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology, 3(2), 77-101. doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Britt, T. W. ve Garrity, M. J. (2003). An integrative model of road rage. Revue Internationale de Psychologie Sociale, 16(3), 53–79.
  • Burton, D. (2008). Cross-Cultural Marketing: Theory, Practice and Relevance. New York, NY: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Buscher, D. ve Quick, D. (2004). Masculinities: male roles and male involvement in the promotion of gender equality: a resource packet. New York: Women's Commission for Refugee Women and Children.
  • Bushman, B. J. ve Baumeister, R. F. (1998). Threatened Egotism, Narcissism, Self-Esteem, and Direct and Displaced Aggression: Does Self-Love or Self-Hate Lead to Violence? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(1), 219-229. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.75.1.219
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  • Chatterjee, S., Gao, X., Sarkar, S. ve Uzmanoğlu, C. (2019). Reacting to the scope of a data breach: The differential role of fear and anger. Journal of Business Research, 101, 183-193. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.04.024
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  • Dahlen, E. R., Martin, R. C., Ragan, K. ve Kuhlman, M. M. (2005). Driving anger, sensation seeking, impulsiveness, and boredom proneness in the prediction of unsafe driving. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 37(2), 341-348. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2004.10.006
  • Dahlen, E. R. ve Ragan, K. M. (2004). Validation of the propensity for angry driving scale. Journal of Safety Research, 35(5), 557-563. doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2004.09.002
  • Dahlen, E. R. ve White, R. P. (2006). The Big Five factors, sensation seeking, and driving anger in the prediction of unsafe driving. Personality and Individual Differences, 41(5), 903-915. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2006.03.016
  • Deffenbacher, J. L., Deffenbacher, D. M., Lynch, R. S. ve Richards, T. L. (2003). Anger, aggression, and risky behavior: A comparison of high and low anger drivers. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41(6), 701-718. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(02)00046-3
  • Deffenbacher, J. L., Lynch, R. S., Oetting, E. R. ve Swaim, R. C. (2002). The Driving Anger Expression Inventory: A measure of how people express their anger on the road. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40(6), 717-737. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(01)00063-8
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  • Eşiyok, B., Yasak, Y. ve Korkusuz, I. (2007). Anger expression on the road: Validity and reliability of the driving anger expression inventory. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi. 18(3), 231-243.
  • Fast, N. J., Burris, E. R. ve Bartel, C. A. (2014). Managing to stay in the dark: Managerial self-efficacy, ego defensiveness, and the aversion to employee voice. Academy of Management Journal, 57(4), 1013-1034. doi:10.5465/amj.2012.0393
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Genç Sürücülerde Öfke Deneyimleri: Bir Nitel Analiz Çalışması

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 1 - 27, 30.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.38002/tuad.631087

Öz

İnsan faktörünü de içerisinde barındıran trafik sistemi, sürücülerin gerek yaşadıkları tehlikeleri olaylarla gerekse diğer yol kullanıcılarıyla olan etkileşimleriyle öfke duygusunu deneyimleyebildikleri açık bir sistemdir. Özellikle genç sürücü grubunda daha yaygın gözlemlenebilen bu öfke durumu, risk algısından sapkın sürücülüğe kadar birçok değişken üzerinde belirleyici rol oynamaktadır. Bu araştırmanın temel hedefi, genç sürücü grubunun trafikte yaşadığı olaylar sonucunda hissettiği öfkeyi derinlemesine incelemektir. Bunun için katılımcılara şiddetli bir şekilde öfkelendikleri bir trafik olayını anımsamaları istenmiş, bu anıya yönelik çeşitli sorular yöneltilmiştir. Bu çalışma, nitel bir çalışma olup, 7 erkek ve 7 kadın katılımcıdan oluşan, toplamda 14 kişiyle yapılan mülakatlar sonucu elde edilen metinlerin analiziyle oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmada Tematik Analiz yöntemi tercih edilmiş ve analizin sonucunda toplamda dört üst tema ile on beş alt tema ortaya çıkmıştır. Bunlar: “Olayın Nedeni” üst temasına bağlı “Niyetli Davranışlar”, “Bireysel Özellikler”, “Etkileşimli ve Değişken Trafik Sistemi”, “Dikkatsizlik” ve “Kadın Sürücü”; “Hissedilen Duygular” üst temasına bağlı “Öfke”, “Sinir Bozukluğu”, “Korku”, “Başkalarına Karşı Sorumluluk” ve “Uzun Süreli Duygusal Etkiler”; “Öfkenin Esas Kaynağı” üst teması ve son olarak “Olay Sonrası Tepkiler” üst temasına bağlı “Alttan Alma”, “Misilleme”, “Jest ve Mimiklerle Gösterilen Tepkiler”, “Araç Aracılığıyla İletişim Kurma” ve “Başa Çıkma” alt temalarıdır. Temaların birbiri ile ilişkisini incelemek adına MAXQDA yazılımının Kod Birlikte Oluşma Modeli kullanılmış olup, ortaya çıkan ilişkiler sosyal psikoloji alanyazınında mevcut kuramlar ve olgular ışığında ele alınmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Baumeister, R. F., Bushman, B. J. ve Campbell, W. K. (2000). Self-esteem, narcissism, and aggression: Does violence result from low self-esteem or from threatened egotism? Current Directions in Psychological Science. 9(1), 26–29, doi:10.1111/1467-8721.00053
  • Berdoulat, E., Vavassori, D. ve Sastre, M. T. M. (2013). Driving anger, emotional and instrumental aggressiveness, and impulsiveness in the prediction of aggressive and transgressive driving. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 50, 758-767. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2012.06.029
  • Bıçaksız, P. ve Özkan, T. (2016). Impulsivity and driver behaviors, offences and accident involvement: A systematic review. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 38, 194-223, doi:10.1016/j.trf.2015.06.001
  • Bogdan, S. R., Măirean, C. ve Havârneanu, C. E. (2016a). A meta-analysis of the association between anger and aggressive driving. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 42, 350-364, doi:10.1016/j.trf.2016.05.009
  • Bogdan, S. R., Măirean, C. ve Havârneanu, C. E. (2016b). A meta-analysis of the association between anger and aggressive driving. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 42, 350–364. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2016.05.009
  • Braun, V. ve Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology, 3(2), 77-101. doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Britt, T. W. ve Garrity, M. J. (2003). An integrative model of road rage. Revue Internationale de Psychologie Sociale, 16(3), 53–79.
  • Burton, D. (2008). Cross-Cultural Marketing: Theory, Practice and Relevance. New York, NY: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Buscher, D. ve Quick, D. (2004). Masculinities: male roles and male involvement in the promotion of gender equality: a resource packet. New York: Women's Commission for Refugee Women and Children.
  • Bushman, B. J. ve Baumeister, R. F. (1998). Threatened Egotism, Narcissism, Self-Esteem, and Direct and Displaced Aggression: Does Self-Love or Self-Hate Lead to Violence? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(1), 219-229. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.75.1.219
  • Bushman, B. J., Steffgen, G., Kerwin, T., Whitlock, T. ve Weisenberger, J. M. (2018). “Don’t you know I own the road?” The link between narcissism and aggressive driving. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 52, 14-20. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2017.10.008
  • Chatterjee, S., Gao, X., Sarkar, S. ve Uzmanoğlu, C. (2019). Reacting to the scope of a data breach: The differential role of fear and anger. Journal of Business Research, 101, 183-193. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.04.024
  • Crocker, J. ve Wolfe, C. T. (2001). Contingencies of self-worth. Psychological Review, 108(3), 598-623. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.108.3.593
  • Dahlen, E. R., Martin, R. C., Ragan, K. ve Kuhlman, M. M. (2005). Driving anger, sensation seeking, impulsiveness, and boredom proneness in the prediction of unsafe driving. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 37(2), 341-348. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2004.10.006
  • Dahlen, E. R. ve Ragan, K. M. (2004). Validation of the propensity for angry driving scale. Journal of Safety Research, 35(5), 557-563. doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2004.09.002
  • Dahlen, E. R. ve White, R. P. (2006). The Big Five factors, sensation seeking, and driving anger in the prediction of unsafe driving. Personality and Individual Differences, 41(5), 903-915. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2006.03.016
  • Deffenbacher, J. L., Deffenbacher, D. M., Lynch, R. S. ve Richards, T. L. (2003). Anger, aggression, and risky behavior: A comparison of high and low anger drivers. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41(6), 701-718. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(02)00046-3
  • Deffenbacher, J. L., Lynch, R. S., Oetting, E. R. ve Swaim, R. C. (2002). The Driving Anger Expression Inventory: A measure of how people express their anger on the road. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40(6), 717-737. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(01)00063-8
  • Demir, B., Demir, S. ve Özkan, T. (2016). A contextual model of driving anger: A meta-analysis. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 42, 332-349. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2016.09.020
  • Eatough, V. ve Smith, J. (2006). “I was like a wild wild person”: Understanding feelings of anger using interpretative phenomenological analysis. British Journal of Psychology, 97(4), 483-498. doi:10.1348/000712606X97831
  • Eşiyok, B., Yasak, Y. ve Korkusuz, I. (2007). Anger expression on the road: Validity and reliability of the driving anger expression inventory. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi. 18(3), 231-243.
  • Fast, N. J., Burris, E. R. ve Bartel, C. A. (2014). Managing to stay in the dark: Managerial self-efficacy, ego defensiveness, and the aversion to employee voice. Academy of Management Journal, 57(4), 1013-1034. doi:10.5465/amj.2012.0393
  • Fındık, G., Uslu, İ., Öz, B., Lajunen, T., Özkan, T. (2015). Sürdürülebilir ulaşım için yol ve trafik güvenliği ulusal kongresi bildiri kitabı. Orman, A., Özgür, O., Soydan, A.G., Can, K., Uluçay, G., Gürler, H., Kokol, N. (Ed.) Sürdürülebilir ulaşım için yol ve trafik güvenliği ulusal kongresi içinde (s. 136 – 142). Ankara: Gazi Üniversitesi
  • Furnham, A., Richards, S. C. ve Paulhus, D. L. (2013). The Dark Triad of Personality: A 10Year Review. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 7(3), 199-216. doi:10.1111/spc3.12018
  • Glick, P. (2005). Ambivalent sexism, power distance, and gender inequality across cultures. S. Guimond (Ed.), Social Comparison and Social Psychology: Understanding Cognition, Intergroup Relations, and Culture içinde (s. 283-302). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511584329.015
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  • Lonczak, H. S., Neighbors, C. ve Donovan, D. M. (2007). Predicting risky and angry driving as a function of gender. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 39(3), 536-545. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2006.09.010
  • Lu, J., Xie, X. ve Zhang, R. (2013). Focusing on appraisals: How and why anger and fear influence driving risk perception. Journal of Safety Research, 45, 65-73. doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2013.01.009
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  • Moè, A., Cadinu, M. ve Maass, A. (2015). Women drive better if not stereotyped. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 85, 199-206. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2015.09.021
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Toplam 69 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Psikoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Uluğhan Ergin 0000-0002-4959-8942

Gizem Fındık 0000-0001-8245-6324

Bahar Öz 0000-0001-5440-0948

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Ergin, U., Fındık, G., & Öz, B. (2020). Genç Sürücülerde Öfke Deneyimleri: Bir Nitel Analiz Çalışması. Trafik Ve Ulaşım Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(1), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.38002/tuad.631087