Yaşlı Bireylerde Ayak Bakım Davranışlarının Belirleyicileri Olarak Diyabet Yükü ve Öz-Etkililik Düzeyleri: Tanımlayıcı Karşılaştırmalı Çalışma

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 41 - 51, 28.04.2023

Merve Çanlı Duran Alime Selçuk Tosun

https://doi.org/10.25048/tudod.1199550

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, diyabetik ayak ülseri olan ve olmayan yaşlı bireylerin ayak bakım davranışlarını, diyabet yükünü ve öz-etkililik
düzeylerini belirlemek ve ayak bakım davranışlarını etkileyen belirleyicileri incelemek amaçlamıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu tanımlayıcı ve karşılaştırmalı çalışmaya diyabetik ayak ülseri olan 115 ve diyabetik ayak ülseri olmayan 115
yaşlı birey dahil edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde Mann Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, çoklu regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Diyabetik ayak ülseri olan yaşlı bireylerde okuryazar olmak (β=0,674), ilde yaşamak (β=0,549), diyabet diyetine uymamak
(β=0,408), kronik hastalık sayısının dört olması (β=0,838), insülin kullanmak (β =0,761), kan şekerini ölçmemek (β=0,398), yılda bir
ve daha fazla doktora gitmek (β=0,573), son bir yıl içinde şeker hastalığı komplikasyonları nedeniyle hastaneye yatmamak (β =0,789),
öz-etkililik toplam puanı (β=0,832) ve alt boyutları, diyabet yükü toplam puanı (β=0,838) ve alt boyutları ayak bakım davranışlarının
yordayıcılarıdır (p<0,001). Diyabetik ayak ülseri olmayan yaşlı bireylerde ise okuryazar olmak (β=0,745), diyabet diyetine uymamak (β=0,823), düzenli fiziksel egzersiz yapmamak (β=0,736), öz-etkililik (β=0,801) ve alt boyutları, diyabet yükü düzeyleri (β=0,817) ve alt
boyutları ayak bakım davranışlarının yordayıcılarıdır (p<0,001).
Sonuç: Diyabetik ayak ülseri olmayan yaşlı bireylerin ayak bakımı davranışları kötüdür. Yaşlı bireylerin diyabet yükü ve öz-etkililik
düzeyleri ayak bakım davranışlarını yordamada bir etkiye sahiptir. Bu sonuç doğrultusunda yaşlı bireylerin öz-yeterlik düzeylerinin
artırılması hastalık yükünü azaltabilir. Aynı zamanda ayak bakım davranışlarını da olumlu yönde etkileyebilir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tip 2 diyabet, Diyabet yükü, Ayak bakım davranışı, Yaşlı birey

Diabetes Burden and Self-Efficacy Levels As Determinants of Foot Care Behaviors in Older Adults: Descriptive Comparative Study

Öz

Aim: This study aimed to determine foot care behaviors, diabetes burden, and self-efficacy levels of older adults with and without
diabetic foot ulcer and to examine the determinants affecting their foot care behaviors.
Material and Methods: This descriptive comparative study was included 115 older adults with diabetic foot and 115 older adults without
diabetic foot. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, t test, one way anova, mann whitney u, kruskal wallis test and multiple regression
analysis were used in the analysis of the data.
Results: Being literate (β=0.674), living in a city (β=0.549), not complying with the diabetes diet (β=0.408), having four chronic diseases
(β=0.838), using insulin (β =0.761), not measuring blood glucose level (β=0.398), visiting a doctor once a year or more (β=0.573), not
being hospitalized due to diabetes complications in the last year (β =0,789), mean scores for the overall Self-Efficacy Scale (β=0.832)
and its subdimensions, mean scores for the overall Elderly Burden Diabetes Scale (β=0.838) and its subdimensions (p<0.001). Being
literate (β=0.745), not complying with diabetes diet (β=0.823), not doing regular physical exercise (β=0.736), mean scores for the overall
Self-Efficacy Scale (β = 0.801) and its subdimensions, mean scores for the overall Elderly Burden Diabetes Scale (β=0.817) and its
subdimensions were predictors of foot care behaviors of the older adults without diabetic foot ulcer (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Older adults without diabetic foot ulcer displayed poor foot care behaviors. It was determined that the diabetes burden and
self-efficacy levels of older adults had a effect on predicting foot care behaviors. In line with this result, increasing the self-efficacy level
of older adults may reduce the burden of disease. It may also positively affect foot care behaviors.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Type 2 diabetes, Diabetes burden, Foot care behaviour, Older adults, Self-efficacy

Kaynakça

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