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Farklı Anamateryaller Üzerinde Oluşmuş Toprakların Cu, Pb ve Zn İçeriklerinin Belirlenmesi (Çanakkale, Türkiye)

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 216 - 225, 28.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.1326951

Öz

Bu çalışma, Çanakkale ili Ezine ilçesinde üç farklı anamateryal (bazalt, kireçli ve karbonatlı kayaçlar ve granit) üzerinde oluşan topraklardaki ağır metal (Cu, Pb ve Zn) içeriklerini ve bunların farklılıklarını ortaya koymak için yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla, farklı jeolojik materyaller üzerinde doğal ortam koşullarında oluşmuş topraklarda yüzey örneklemesi yapılmıştır. Örneklerin ağır metal içerikleri Aqua regia yaş yakma yöntemi kullanılarak alevli atomik absorpsiyon spektrometresi ile belirlenmiştir Toprak örneklerinde elementler arası farklılaşmayı belirlemek için varyans analizi (ANOVA) kullanılmıştır. Farklı anamateryaller üzerinde oluşmuş topraklardan alınan örneklerin ağır metal ve fiziko-kimyasal özellikleri arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymak için Pearson korelasyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Değerlendirme neticesinde, örneklerdeki ortalama Cu konsantrasyonları bazalt üzerinde oluşmuş topraklar (40.8 ± 3.8 μg/g)> kireçli ve karbonatlı kayaçlar üzerinde oluşmuş topraklar (24.8 ± 1.5 μg/g)> granit üzerinde oluşmuş topraklar (22.5 ± 2.8 μg/g) sıralamasını; ortalama Pb konsantrasyonları granit üzerinde oluşmuş topraklar (37.50 ± 3.30 μg/g)> kireçli ve karbonatlı kayaçlar üzerinde oluşmuş topraklar (35.67 ± 2.74 μg/g)> bazalt üzerinde oluşmuş topraklar (21.6 ± 6.7 μg/g) sıralamasını izlemiştir. Toprak örneklerinin ortalama Zn konsantrasyonları ise bazalt üzerinde oluşmuş topraklar (80.9 ± 8.7 μg/g)> kireçli ve karbonatlı kayaçlar üzerinde oluşmuş topraklar (44.1 ± 3.7 μg/g)> granit üzerinde oluşmuş topraklar (37.0 ± 9.4 μg/g) olarak belirlenmiştir. Tüm toprak örneklerinin Pb konsantrasyonlarının, yer kabuğu ortalamasından daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Adriano D.C., 1986. Trace elements in the terrestial environment. Springer-Verlag, New York, 501p.
  • Afu, S. M., Isong, A. I., Ene, A. E., John, K. 2020. Heavy metals in agricultural soils developed on diverse parent materials in Cross River State, Nigeria. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 67(10), 1375-1387.
  • Alloway, B. J. 2013. Sources of heavy metals and metalloids in soils. Heavy metals in soils: trace metals and metalloids in soils and their bioavailability, 11-50.
  • Alloway, B.J. 1990. Heavy Metals in Soils. Blackie Academic and Professional, Glasgow.
  • Andrea, M. M. E., Carolina, T. E. A., José, C. B. T., Luis, M. N. J., Carlos, G. M. L. 2019. Evaluation of contaminants in agricultural soils in an Irrigation District in Colombia, Heliyon, 5(8).
  • Atalay, İ. 1991. Toprak Coğrafyası. Ege Üniversitesi basımevi, Ders kitabı, Bornova İzmir.
  • Barak, P., Helmke, P. A. 1993. The chemistry of zinc. In Zinc in Soils and Plants: Proceedings of the International Symposium on ‘Zinc in Soils and Plants’ held at The University of Western Australia, 27–28 September, 1993 (pp. 1-13). Springer Netherlands.
  • Bi, X., Zhang, M., Wu, Y., Fu, Z., Sun, G., Shang, L., Li, Z., Wang, P. 2020. Distribution patterns and sources of heavy metals in soils from an industry undeveloped city in Southern China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 205, 111115.
  • Brehler B and KH Wedepohl.1978. Zinc In (ed), Handbook of Geochemistry Vol. II/3. Ed. KH Wedepohl. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 125 pp.
  • Conceição, L. T., Silva, G. N., Holsback, H. M. S., de Figueiredo Oliveira, C., Marcante, N. C., de Souza Martins, É., Santos, F. B. S.Santos, E. F. 2022. Potential of basalt dust to improve soil fertility and crop nutrition, Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 10, 100443.
  • Dantu, S. 2009. Heavy metals concentration in soils of southeastern part of Ranga Reddy district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 149, 213-222.
  • de Vos, E., Engin, E., Santoro, A., Ricci, M., Held, A. 2012. Certıfıcatıon Report.
  • Everest, T., Koparan, H., Sungur, A., Özcan, H. 2021. An important tool against combat climate change: Land suitability assessment for canola (a case study: Çanakkale, NW Turkey). Environment, Development and Sustainability, 1-36.
  • Everest, T., Özcan, H. 2018. Toprak verimliliğinin değerlendirilmesinde pedo-jeolojik yaklaşım. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(4), 589-603.
  • Fei, X., Lou, Z., Xiao, R., Lv, X., Christakos, G. 2023. Contamination and health risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in soils developed from different soil parent materials. Exposure and Health, 15(2), 395-408.
  • Gee, G. W., Or, D. 2002. 2.4 Particle‐size analysis. Methods of soil analysis: Part 4 physical methods, 5, 255-293.
  • Gray, J. M., Bishop, T. F., Wilford, J. R. 2016. Lithology and soil relationships for soil modelling and mapping, Catena, 147, 429-440.
  • Helmke P. A., Koons R.D., Schomberg P. J., Iskander I. K. 1977. Determination of trace element contamination of sediments by multielement analysis of the clay-size fraction, Environ. Sci. Tech. 11, 984-989.
  • Kabata-Pendias A. 2011. Trace Elements in Soils and Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, London, New York.
  • Katyal, J. C., Sharma, B. D. 1991. DTPA-extractable and total Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe in Indian soils and their association with some soil properties. Geoderma, 49(1-2), 165–179.
  • Li, C., Zhou, K., Qin, W., Tian, C., Qi, M., Yan, X., Han, W. 2019. A review on heavy metals contamination in soil: effects, sources, and remediation techniques. Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 28(4), 380-394.
  • Mendoza-Grimón, V., Hernández-Moreno, J. M., Martín, J. R., Fernández-Vera, J. R., Palacios-Díaz, M. P. 2014. Trace and major element associations in basaltic ash soils of El Hierro Island. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 147, 277-282.
  • Mengel, K., Kirkby, E. A., Kosegarten, H., Appel, T. 2001. Soil copper.” Principles of plant nutrition. (ed) Mengel, K., Kirkby, E. A., Kosegarten, H. ve Appel, T. Dordrecth, 599-611.
  • MGM. 2020. Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü. İllere Ait Mevsim Normalleri.
  • Nelson, D. W., Sommers, L. E. 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. (ed) Page, A. L, ASA SSSA, 539–579.
  • Nelson, R. E. 1982. Carbonate and gypsum. Methods of soil analysis, part 2: chemical and microbiological properties. (ed) Page, A. L, ASA SSSA, 181–197.
  • Okoli, N., Uzoho, B., Ahukaemere, C., Egboka, N., Irokwe, I. 2021. Chemical fractionation and mobility of nickel in soils in relation to parent materials. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 67(8), 1075-1092.
  • Özcan H., Güre, M., Akbulak C. 2011. Çanakkale İli Toprakları ve Arazi Kullanım Durumu. Çanakkale Tarımı Sempozyumu.
  • Pandey, B., Agrawal, M., Singh, S. 2016. Ecological risk assessment of soil contamination by trace elements around coal mining area. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 16, 159-168.
  • Peng, J., Li, F., Zhang, J., Chen, Y., Cao, T., Tong, Z., Liu, X., Zhao, X. 2019. Comprehensive assessment of heavy metals pollution of farmland soil and crops in Jilin Province. Environmental geochemistry and health, 1-15.
  • Peris, M., Recatalá, L., Micó, C., Sánchez, R., Sánchez, J. 2008. Increasing the knowledge of heavy metal contents and sources in agricultural soils of the European Mediterranean region. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 192, 25-37.
  • Roca, N., Pazos, M. S., Bech, J. 2008. The relationship between WRB soil units and heavy metals content in soils of Catamarca (Argentina), Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 96(2-3), 77-85.
  • Rodriguez, J. A., Nanos, N., Grau, J. M., Gil, L., Lopez-Arias, M. 2008. Multiscale analysis of heavy metal contents in Spanish agricultural topsoils. Chemosphere, 70(6), 1085-1096.
  • Sarangthem, I., Kondareddy, A. N., Sharma, L. D. 2019. Fractionation of zinc and their association with soil properties of Manipur. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 8(8), 178-182.
  • Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil Survey Manual, Soil Conservation Service. Washington (DC): U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook,18.
  • Spinola, D., Portes, R., Fedenko, J., Lybrand, R., Dere, A., Biles, F., Trainor, TD'Amore, D. 2022. Lithological controls on soil geochemistry and clay mineralogy across Spodosols in the coastal temperate rainforest of southeast Alaska. Geoderma, 428, 116211.
  • Sungur, A., Everest, T., Özcan, H. 2012. Truva (Kumkale) topraklarında alınabilir çinkonun yersel ve zamansal değişimi. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(1), 57-63.
  • Sungur, A., Temel, E., Everest, T., Soylak, M., Özcan, H. 2023. Effects of soil texture on trace metal concentrations and geochemical fractions in the soil of apple orchards (Çanakkale, NW Turkey). Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 69(13), 2677-2691.
  • Swoboda, P., Döring, T. F., Hamer, M. 2022. Remineralizing soils? The agricultural usage of silicate rock powders: A review, Science of The Total Environment, 807, 150976.
  • Thomas GW. 1996. Soil pH and soil acidity. “Methods of soil analysis, part 3: chemical methods. (ed) Sparks, D. L., Page, A.L., Helmke, P.A., Loppert, R.H., Soltanpour, P.N., Tabatabai, M.A., Johnston, C.T. ve Sumner, M. E. Madison: ASA and SSSA, 475–490.
  • Tuğyan, G., Sungur, A. (2020). Farklı Ana Materyaller Üzerinde Oluşmuş Toprakların Ağır Metal İçeriklerinin Belirlenmesi (Kırklareli, Türkiye), Lapseki Meslek Yüksekokulu Uygulamalı Araştırmalar Dergisi, 1(1), 40-47.
  • Tuzen, M., Sari, H., Soylak, M. 2004. Microwave and wet digestion procedures for atomic absorption spectrometric determination of trace metals contents of sediment samples. Analytical Letters, 37(9), 1925-1936.
  • Yan, X., Liu, M., Zhong, J., Guo, J., Wu. 2018. How human activities affect heavy metal contamination of soil and sediment in a long-term reclaimed area of the Liaohe River Delta, North China, Sustainability, 10(2), 338.
  • Zinn, Y. L., de Faria, J. A., de Araujo, M. A., Skorupa, A. L. A. 2020. Soil parent material is the main control on heavy metal concentrations in tropical highlands of Brazil. Catena, 185, 104319.

Determination of Cu, Pb, and Zn Contents of Soils Formed on Different Parent Materials (Çanakkale, Türkiye)

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 216 - 225, 28.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.1326951

Öz

This study was carried out to determine the heavy metal (Cu, Pb, and Zn) contents and their differences in soils formed on three different parent materials (basalt, clastic and carbonate rocks and granite) in the Ezine district of Çanakkale province. For this purpose, surface sampling was conducted in soils formed under natural conditions on different geological materials. Heavy metal contents of the soil samples were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometry using the wet digestion Aqua regia method. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the elemental differences in soil samples. Pearson correlation analysis was applied to reveal the relationship between heavy metals and the physicochemical properties of soils taken from different parent materials. As a result of the evaluation, the mean Cu concentrations in the samples ranged from soils formed on basalt (40.8 ± 3.8 μg/g)> soils formed on clastic and carbonate rocks (24.8 ± 1.5 μg/g)> soils formed on granite (22.5 ± 2. 8 μg/g); mean Pb concentrations followed the order of soils formed on granite (37.50 ± 3.30 μg/g)> soils formed on clastic and carbonate rocks (35.67 ± 2.74 μg/g)> soils formed on basalt (21.6 ± 6.7 μg/g). The mean Zn concentrations of the soil samples were as follows: soils formed on basalt (80.9 ± 8.7 μg/g)> soils formed on clastic and carbonate rocks (44.1 ± 3.7 μg/g)> soils formed on granite (37.0 ± 9.4 μg/g). Pb concentrations of all soil samples were found to be higher than the average of the earth's crust.

Kaynakça

  • Adriano D.C., 1986. Trace elements in the terrestial environment. Springer-Verlag, New York, 501p.
  • Afu, S. M., Isong, A. I., Ene, A. E., John, K. 2020. Heavy metals in agricultural soils developed on diverse parent materials in Cross River State, Nigeria. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 67(10), 1375-1387.
  • Alloway, B. J. 2013. Sources of heavy metals and metalloids in soils. Heavy metals in soils: trace metals and metalloids in soils and their bioavailability, 11-50.
  • Alloway, B.J. 1990. Heavy Metals in Soils. Blackie Academic and Professional, Glasgow.
  • Andrea, M. M. E., Carolina, T. E. A., José, C. B. T., Luis, M. N. J., Carlos, G. M. L. 2019. Evaluation of contaminants in agricultural soils in an Irrigation District in Colombia, Heliyon, 5(8).
  • Atalay, İ. 1991. Toprak Coğrafyası. Ege Üniversitesi basımevi, Ders kitabı, Bornova İzmir.
  • Barak, P., Helmke, P. A. 1993. The chemistry of zinc. In Zinc in Soils and Plants: Proceedings of the International Symposium on ‘Zinc in Soils and Plants’ held at The University of Western Australia, 27–28 September, 1993 (pp. 1-13). Springer Netherlands.
  • Bi, X., Zhang, M., Wu, Y., Fu, Z., Sun, G., Shang, L., Li, Z., Wang, P. 2020. Distribution patterns and sources of heavy metals in soils from an industry undeveloped city in Southern China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 205, 111115.
  • Brehler B and KH Wedepohl.1978. Zinc In (ed), Handbook of Geochemistry Vol. II/3. Ed. KH Wedepohl. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 125 pp.
  • Conceição, L. T., Silva, G. N., Holsback, H. M. S., de Figueiredo Oliveira, C., Marcante, N. C., de Souza Martins, É., Santos, F. B. S.Santos, E. F. 2022. Potential of basalt dust to improve soil fertility and crop nutrition, Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 10, 100443.
  • Dantu, S. 2009. Heavy metals concentration in soils of southeastern part of Ranga Reddy district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 149, 213-222.
  • de Vos, E., Engin, E., Santoro, A., Ricci, M., Held, A. 2012. Certıfıcatıon Report.
  • Everest, T., Koparan, H., Sungur, A., Özcan, H. 2021. An important tool against combat climate change: Land suitability assessment for canola (a case study: Çanakkale, NW Turkey). Environment, Development and Sustainability, 1-36.
  • Everest, T., Özcan, H. 2018. Toprak verimliliğinin değerlendirilmesinde pedo-jeolojik yaklaşım. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(4), 589-603.
  • Fei, X., Lou, Z., Xiao, R., Lv, X., Christakos, G. 2023. Contamination and health risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in soils developed from different soil parent materials. Exposure and Health, 15(2), 395-408.
  • Gee, G. W., Or, D. 2002. 2.4 Particle‐size analysis. Methods of soil analysis: Part 4 physical methods, 5, 255-293.
  • Gray, J. M., Bishop, T. F., Wilford, J. R. 2016. Lithology and soil relationships for soil modelling and mapping, Catena, 147, 429-440.
  • Helmke P. A., Koons R.D., Schomberg P. J., Iskander I. K. 1977. Determination of trace element contamination of sediments by multielement analysis of the clay-size fraction, Environ. Sci. Tech. 11, 984-989.
  • Kabata-Pendias A. 2011. Trace Elements in Soils and Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, London, New York.
  • Katyal, J. C., Sharma, B. D. 1991. DTPA-extractable and total Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe in Indian soils and their association with some soil properties. Geoderma, 49(1-2), 165–179.
  • Li, C., Zhou, K., Qin, W., Tian, C., Qi, M., Yan, X., Han, W. 2019. A review on heavy metals contamination in soil: effects, sources, and remediation techniques. Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 28(4), 380-394.
  • Mendoza-Grimón, V., Hernández-Moreno, J. M., Martín, J. R., Fernández-Vera, J. R., Palacios-Díaz, M. P. 2014. Trace and major element associations in basaltic ash soils of El Hierro Island. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 147, 277-282.
  • Mengel, K., Kirkby, E. A., Kosegarten, H., Appel, T. 2001. Soil copper.” Principles of plant nutrition. (ed) Mengel, K., Kirkby, E. A., Kosegarten, H. ve Appel, T. Dordrecth, 599-611.
  • MGM. 2020. Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü. İllere Ait Mevsim Normalleri.
  • Nelson, D. W., Sommers, L. E. 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. (ed) Page, A. L, ASA SSSA, 539–579.
  • Nelson, R. E. 1982. Carbonate and gypsum. Methods of soil analysis, part 2: chemical and microbiological properties. (ed) Page, A. L, ASA SSSA, 181–197.
  • Okoli, N., Uzoho, B., Ahukaemere, C., Egboka, N., Irokwe, I. 2021. Chemical fractionation and mobility of nickel in soils in relation to parent materials. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 67(8), 1075-1092.
  • Özcan H., Güre, M., Akbulak C. 2011. Çanakkale İli Toprakları ve Arazi Kullanım Durumu. Çanakkale Tarımı Sempozyumu.
  • Pandey, B., Agrawal, M., Singh, S. 2016. Ecological risk assessment of soil contamination by trace elements around coal mining area. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 16, 159-168.
  • Peng, J., Li, F., Zhang, J., Chen, Y., Cao, T., Tong, Z., Liu, X., Zhao, X. 2019. Comprehensive assessment of heavy metals pollution of farmland soil and crops in Jilin Province. Environmental geochemistry and health, 1-15.
  • Peris, M., Recatalá, L., Micó, C., Sánchez, R., Sánchez, J. 2008. Increasing the knowledge of heavy metal contents and sources in agricultural soils of the European Mediterranean region. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 192, 25-37.
  • Roca, N., Pazos, M. S., Bech, J. 2008. The relationship between WRB soil units and heavy metals content in soils of Catamarca (Argentina), Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 96(2-3), 77-85.
  • Rodriguez, J. A., Nanos, N., Grau, J. M., Gil, L., Lopez-Arias, M. 2008. Multiscale analysis of heavy metal contents in Spanish agricultural topsoils. Chemosphere, 70(6), 1085-1096.
  • Sarangthem, I., Kondareddy, A. N., Sharma, L. D. 2019. Fractionation of zinc and their association with soil properties of Manipur. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 8(8), 178-182.
  • Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil Survey Manual, Soil Conservation Service. Washington (DC): U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook,18.
  • Spinola, D., Portes, R., Fedenko, J., Lybrand, R., Dere, A., Biles, F., Trainor, TD'Amore, D. 2022. Lithological controls on soil geochemistry and clay mineralogy across Spodosols in the coastal temperate rainforest of southeast Alaska. Geoderma, 428, 116211.
  • Sungur, A., Everest, T., Özcan, H. 2012. Truva (Kumkale) topraklarında alınabilir çinkonun yersel ve zamansal değişimi. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(1), 57-63.
  • Sungur, A., Temel, E., Everest, T., Soylak, M., Özcan, H. 2023. Effects of soil texture on trace metal concentrations and geochemical fractions in the soil of apple orchards (Çanakkale, NW Turkey). Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 69(13), 2677-2691.
  • Swoboda, P., Döring, T. F., Hamer, M. 2022. Remineralizing soils? The agricultural usage of silicate rock powders: A review, Science of The Total Environment, 807, 150976.
  • Thomas GW. 1996. Soil pH and soil acidity. “Methods of soil analysis, part 3: chemical methods. (ed) Sparks, D. L., Page, A.L., Helmke, P.A., Loppert, R.H., Soltanpour, P.N., Tabatabai, M.A., Johnston, C.T. ve Sumner, M. E. Madison: ASA and SSSA, 475–490.
  • Tuğyan, G., Sungur, A. (2020). Farklı Ana Materyaller Üzerinde Oluşmuş Toprakların Ağır Metal İçeriklerinin Belirlenmesi (Kırklareli, Türkiye), Lapseki Meslek Yüksekokulu Uygulamalı Araştırmalar Dergisi, 1(1), 40-47.
  • Tuzen, M., Sari, H., Soylak, M. 2004. Microwave and wet digestion procedures for atomic absorption spectrometric determination of trace metals contents of sediment samples. Analytical Letters, 37(9), 1925-1936.
  • Yan, X., Liu, M., Zhong, J., Guo, J., Wu. 2018. How human activities affect heavy metal contamination of soil and sediment in a long-term reclaimed area of the Liaohe River Delta, North China, Sustainability, 10(2), 338.
  • Zinn, Y. L., de Faria, J. A., de Araujo, M. A., Skorupa, A. L. A. 2020. Soil parent material is the main control on heavy metal concentrations in tropical highlands of Brazil. Catena, 185, 104319.
Toplam 44 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Toprak Bilimleri ve Bitki Besleme (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Erdem Temel 0000-0001-8028-0716

Timuçin Everest 0000-0002-3670-2114

Ali Sungur 0000-0002-2943-9207

Hasan Özcan 0000-0002-3476-1241

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 28 Ocak 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Ocak 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 13 Temmuz 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Temel, E., Everest, T., Sungur, A., Özcan, H. (2024). Determination of Cu, Pb, and Zn Contents of Soils Formed on Different Parent Materials (Çanakkale, Türkiye). Türk Tarım Ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(1), 216-225. https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.1326951