The effect of yoga practices on health parameters: A review

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 41 - 47, 25.03.2024

Gökhan Çetinoğlu Emirhan Pehlivan

https://doi.org/10.31459/turkjkin.1402949

Öz

Yoga, a practice originating in India thousands of years ago, has gained immense popularity today and its effects are under scrutiny. Numerous studies demonstrate the positive impact of various types of yoga on human physiology. Specifically, research highlights the ability of yoga to mitigate stress and anxiety, as well as increase serotonin and dopamine hormones, facilitating healthy coping mechanisms in modern living. For a healthy lifestyle, yoga can be an important addition to a nutritious diet. While numerous studies have reported on the positive effects of yoga, its complete impact has yet to be fully understood. It may be recommended that the studies planned to be addressed in the future on the subject should be carried out for a specific health problem, should have a methodologically good and high quality structure and the sample size should be kept large. This review found that yoga has significant positive effects on anxiety and depression. It also increases hormones such as serotonin and dopamine in the body, which can lead to a more positive outlook. However, the review found statistically insignificant decreases in fasting blood glucose levels, postprandial blood glucose levels, and HbA1c. Additionally, yoga was found to significantly improve quality of life.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anxiety, depression, meditation, stress, yoga

Etik Beyan

We are authors of the above mentioned article. We accept to transfer all copyright to Turkish Journal of Kinesiology. This study is original, not published previously in any language, and has not been submitted simultaneously. We accept all ethical responsibilities of the article and all authors agree with the content of the study.

Teşekkür

I would like to thank my advisor Prof. Dr. Şerife Vatansever from Uludag University Faculty of Sports Sciences.

Kaynakça

• American Diabetes Association. (2023). Adapted from I Hate to Exercise, 2nd edition, by Charlotte Hayes, MMSc, MS, RD, CDE. ©American Diabetes Association. https://diabetes.org/health-wellness/fitness/yoga-blood-glucose.
• Anshu, Singh, N., Deka, S., Saraswati, P., Sindhwani, G., Goel, A., & Kumari, R. (2023). The effect of yoga on pulmonary function in patients with asthma: A meta-analysis. Complement Ther Clin Pract, 50, 101682.
• Bahçecioğlu, T. G., & Tan, M. (2020). The effect of yoga on respiratory functions, symptom control and life quality of asthma patients: A randomized controlled study. Complement Ther Clin Pract, 38, 101070.
• Chung, S. C., Brooks, M. M., Rai, M., Balk, J. L., & Rai, S. (2012). Effect of Sahaja yoga meditation on quality of life, anxiety, and blood pressure control. J Altern Complement Med, 18(6), 589-596.
• Cramer H, Haller H, Klose P, Ward L, Chung VC, Lauche R. (2019). The risks and benefits of yoga for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rehabil, 33(12), 1847-1862.
• Cramer, H., Lauche, R., Haller, H., & Dobos, G. (2013). A systematic review and meta-analysis of yoga for low back pain. Clin J Pain, 29(5), 450–460.
• Danucalov, M. A., Kozasa, E. H., Ribas, K. T., Galduróz, J. C., Garcia, M. C., Verreschi, I. T., Oliveira, K. C., Romani de Oliveira, L., & Leite, J. R. (2013). A yoga and compassion meditation program reduces stress in familial caregivers of Alzheimer's disease patients. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, eCAM, 2013, 513149.
• Earthweb. (2023, April 20). Earthweb, Data & Statistics, Demographics, Health, Lifestyle, Resources, by Kelly Indah, https://earthweb.com/how-many-people-do-yoga/
• Elwy, A. R., Groessl, E. J., Eisen, S. V., Riley, K. E., Maiya, M., Lee, J. P., & Park, C. L. (2014). A systematic scoping review of yoga intervention components and study quality. Am J Prev Med, 47(2), 220-232.
• Gokal, R., & Shillito, L. (2007). Positive impact of yoga and pranayam on obesity, hypertension, blood sugar, and cholesterol: A pilot assessment. J Altern Complement Med, 13, 1056–1057.
• Groessl E. J., Maiya M., Elwy A.R., Riley K.E., Sarkin A.J., Eisen S.V., Braun T., Gutierrez I., Kidane L., & Park C.L. (2015). The essential properties of yoga questionnaire: development and methods. Int J Yoga Therap, 25 (1), 51–59.
• Groessl, E. J., Sklar, M., & Chang, D. (2012). Yoga for low back pain: A review of concepts and literature. In A. A. Norasteh (Ed.), Low Back Pain. InTech.
• Harvard Health Publishing (2016, March 7). New survey reveals the rapid rise of yoga - and why some people still haven’t tried it. https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/new-survey-reveals-the-rapid-rise-of-yoga-and-why-some-people-still-havent-tried-it-201603079179
• Innes, K. E., & Selfe, T. K. (2016). Yoga for adults with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of controlled trials. Journal of Diabetes Research, 2016, 6979370.
• Ionson, E., Limbachia, J., Rej, S., Puka, K., Newman, R. I., Wetmore, S., Burhan, A. M., Vasudev, A. (2018). Effects of Sahaj Samadhi meditation on heart rate variability and depressive symptoms in patients with late-life depression. Br J Psychiatry, 214(4), 218-224.
• Jyotsna, V. P., Joshi, A., Ambekar, S., Kumar, N., Dhawan, A., & Sreenivas, V. (2012). Comprehensive yogic breathing program improves quality of life in patients with diabetes. Indian J Endocrinol Metab, 16(3), 423-428.
• Khalsa, S. B. S. (2004). Treatment of chronic insomnia with yoga: a preliminary study with sleep-wake diaries. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback, 29(4), 269-278.
• Lim, S. A., & Cheong, K. J. (2015). Regular yoga practice improves antioxidant status, immune function, and stress hormone releases in young healthy people: a randomized, double-blind, controlled pilot study. J Altern Complement Med, 21(9), 530-538.
• Liu, X. C., Pan, L., Hu, Q., Dong, W. P., Yan, J. H., & Dong, L. (2014). Effects of yoga training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thorac Dis, 6(6), 795-802.
• Maheshkumar, K., Dilara, K., Ravishankar, P., Julius, A., Padmavathi, R., Poonguzhali, S., & Venugopal, V. (2022). Effect of six months pranayama training on stress-induced salivary cortisol response among adolescents-Randomized controlled study. Explore (NY), 18(4), 463-466.
• Malarvizhi, M., Maheshkumar, K., Bhavani, M., & Hariprasad, B. (2019). Effect of 6 months of yoga practice on quality of life among patients with asthma: A randomized control trial. Advances in Integrative Medicine, 6(4), 163-166.
• Malhotra, V., Singh, S., Tandon, O. P., Madhu, S. V., Prasad, A., & Sharma, S. B. (2002). Effect of Yoga asanas on nerve conduction in type 2 diabetes. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol, 46(3), 298-306.
• Mehrtash, S., Kocak, S., & Altunsoz, I. H. (2015). The Effect of Yoga on Stress, Anxiety and Depression among Turkish Adults: A preliminary study. Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences, 6(1), 39-49
• Mullur, L. M., Khodnapur, J. P., Bagali, S., Aithala, M., & Dhanakshirur, G. B. (2014). Short communication role of yoga in modifying anxiety level in women. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol, 58(1), 92-95.
• Padmavathi R., Kumar, A. P., Dhamodhini K S, Venugopal, V., Silambanan, S., K, M., & Shah, P. (2023). Role of yoga in stress management and implications in major depression disorder. J Ayurveda Integr Med, 14(5), 100767.
• Rajagopalan, A., Kuppusamy, M., & Gandhi, T. S. (2022). Meditation Alleviates Psychological Distress and Sleep Quality in COVID-19 Patients during Home Isolation. J Young Pharm, 14(4), 441-443.
• Rao, R. M., Telles, S., Nagendra, H. R., Nagarathna, R., Gopinath, K., Srinath, S., & Chandrashekara, C. (2008). Effects of yoga on natural killer cell counts in early breast cancer patients undergoing conventional treatment. Comment to: recreational music-making modulates natural killer cell activity, cytokines, and mood states in corporate employees Masatada Wachi, Masahiro Koyama, Masanori Utsuyama, Barry B. Bittman, Masanobu Kitagawa, Katsuiku Hirokawa Med Sci Monit, 2007; 13(2): CR57-70. Med Sci Monit, 14(2), LE3–LE4.
• Raveendran, A. V., Deshpandae, A., & Joshi, S. R. (2018). Therapeutic role of yoga in type 2 diabetes. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul), 33(3), 307-317.
• Ross, A., & Thomas, S. (2010). The health benefits of yoga and exercise: a review of comparison studies. J Altern Complement Med, 16(1), 3-12
• Schultz, P. E., Haberman, M., Karatha, K., Blank, S. E., & Nichols, J. (2007). Iyengar Yoga can promote well-being in women breast cancer survivors. Spokane, WA: Washington State University.
• Sengupta P. (2012). Health Impacts of Yoga and Pranayama: A State-of-the-Art Review. Int J Prev Med, 3(7), 444–458.
• Sherman K. J. (2012). Guidelines for developing yoga interventions for randomized trials. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med: eCAM, 2012, 143271.
• Soni, R., Munish, K., Singh, K., & Singh, S. (2012). Study of the effect of yoga training on diffusion capacity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: A controlled trial. Int J Yoga, 5(2), 123-127.
• Taneja D. K. (2014). Yoga and health. Indian J Community Med, 39(2), 68-72.
• Telles, S., Gupta, R. K., Bhardwaj, A. K., Singh, N., Mishra, P., Pal, D. K., & Balkrishna, A. (2018). Increased mental well-being and reduced state anxiety in teachers after participation in a residential yoga program. Med Sci Monit Basic Res, 24, 105-112.
• Thanalakshmi, J., Maheshkumar, K., Kannan, R., Sundareswaran, L., Venugopal, V., & Poonguzhali, S. (2020). Effect of Sheetali pranayama on cardiac autonomic function among patients with primary hypertension - A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract, 39, 101138.
• Thind, H., Lantini, R., Balletto, B. L., Donahue, M. L., Salmoirago-Blotcher, E., Bock, B. C., & Scott-Sheldon, L. A. J. (2017). The effects of yoga among adults with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Med, 105, 116–126.
• Torgutalp, S. S. (2018). Effects of yoga principles (asana, pranayama and meditation) on brain waves. Turk J Sports Med, 53, 89-93.
• Vambheim, S. M., Kyllo, T. M., Hegland, S., & Bystad, M. (2021). Relaxation techniques as an intervention for chronic pain: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Heliyon, 7(8), e07837.
• Venugopal, V., Geethanjali, S., Poonguzhali, S., Padmavathi, R., Mahadevan, S., Silambanan, S., & Maheshkumar, K. (2022). Effect of yoga on oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr Diabetes Rev, 18(2), e050421192663.
• Vijayakumar, V., Mavathur, R., Kannan, S., Sharma, M. N. K., Raguram, N., & Kuppusamy, M. (2023). Effect of yoga on reducing glycaemic variability in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A randomised controlled trial. Diabetes Metab, 49(4), 101457.
• West, J., Otte, C., Geher, K., Johnson, J., & Mohr, D. C. (2004). Effects of Hatha yoga and African dance on perceived stress, affect, and salivary cortisol. Ann Behav Med, 28(2), 114-118.
• Woodyard, C. (2011). Exploring the therapeutic effects of yoga and its ability to increase quality of life. Int J Yoga, 4(2), 49-54.
• Yaribeygi, H., Panahi, Y., Sahraei, H., Johnston, T. P., & Sahebkar, A. (2017). The impact of stress on body function: A review. EXCLI J, 16, 1057-1072.