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HİZMET İHRACATINDA ULUSAL AVANTAJ BELİRLEYİCİSİ OLARAK ALTYAPI: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 37, 89 - 102, 11.11.2022
https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.1134247

Öz

Günümüzde hizmet sektörü özellikle gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ekonomilerde hakim sektör konumundadır. Bu noktada, uluslararası hizmet ticaretinde ulusal avantaj kazanmak her ülke için önemlidir. Buradan hareketle bu çalışma altyapıyı ulusal avantajın kaynağı olarak ele almakta ve altyapının (bölünmüş yol, tren yolu, turizm işletme belgeli işletme sayısı, sağlık kuruluşu sayısı ve üniversite sayısı) hizmet ihracatı üzerindeki etkisini incelemektedir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, ARDL modeli kullanılarak 1980-2020 dönemi için eşbütünleşme analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlar bölünmüş yol, tren yolu ve turizm işletme belgeli işletme sayısının hizmet ihracatını pozitif ve anlamlı şekilde etkilediğini ve üniversite ve sağlık kuruluşu sayısının ise negatif ve anlamsız olarak etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonunda politika yapıcılara birtakım tavsiyelerde bulunulmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmad, S. A., Kaliappan, S. R., and Ismail, N. W. (2017). Determinants of service export in selected developing Asian countries. International Journal of Business and Society, 18(1), 329-346.
  • Aijaz, U., Bano, S., and Lodhi, K. S. (2022). Internal determinants of the service trade exports of China: A time-series analysis. Pakistan Journal of International Affairs, 5(2), 1-19.
  • Bahmani-Oskooee, M. (1986). Determinants of international trade flows: the case of developing countries. Journal of Development Economics, 20(1), 107-123.
  • Bilgiç, E. (2019a). İnternet teknolojisinin Türk hizmet ihracatı üzerindeki etkisi. Başkent Üniversitesi Ticari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(1), 22-36.
  • Bilgiç, E. (2019b). Küreselleşme süreci̇nde kayıt dışı ekonomi̇ni̇n Türk hi̇zmet ihracatı üzeri̇ndeki̇ etki̇si̇ üzeri̇ne model öneri̇si̇ ve tartışma. Academic Review of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(2), 144-167.
  • Bilgiç, E. (2021). Do impacts of factors affecting goods trade differentiate for service trade? The case of Turkey. Kafkas Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(24), 1056-1078.
  • Celbis, G., Nijkamp, P., and Poot, J. (2014). Infrastructure and trade: A meta-analysis. Region, 1(1), 25-64.
  • Chatti, W., and Khoj, H. (2020). Service export sensitivity to Internet adoption: evidence from dynamic panel data analysis. Res World Econ, 11(6), 259-268.
  • Chen, J., Huang, J., Zheng, L., and Zhang, C. (2019). An empirical analysis of telecommunication infrastructure promoting the scale of international service trade: Based on the panel data of countries along the belt and road. Transformations in Business & Economics, 18(2), 124-139.
  • Coşkun, R. (2021). Örnek Olaylarla STRATEJİK YÖNETİM Kuram ve Uygulama. Sakarya Yayıncılık: Sakarya.
  • Francois, J., and Manchin, M. (2013). Institutions, infrastructure, and trade. World Development, 46, 165-175.
  • Ismail, N. W., and Mahyideen, J. M. (2015). The Impact of infrastructure on trade and economic growth in selected economies in Asia. ADBI Working Paper 553. Tokyo: Asian Development Bank Institute. Available: http://www.adb.org/publications/impact-infrastructuretrade-and-economic-growth-selected-economies-asia/
  • Jensen, C., and Zhang, J. (2013). Trade in tourism services: Explaining tourism trade and the impact of the general agreement on trade in services on the gains from trade. The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 22(3), 398-429.
  • Kang, M. (2020). The study on the effect of the internet and mobile-cellular on trade in services: Using the modified gravity model. J. Internet Serv. Inf. Secur., 10(4), 90-100.
  • Koca, A., and Yıldırım, N. (2021). Türkiye ekonomisinde hizmet ihracatının temel belirleyicileri: Zaman serisi analizi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 39(3), 441-458.
  • Korkut, Y., Yavuz, S., & Zeren, F. (2021). Uluslararası ticaret ve lojistik arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi: G20 ülkeleri örneği. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, (30), 77-88.
  • Lennon, C. (2009). Trade in services and trade in goods: Differences and complementarities (No. 53). wiiw Working Paper.
  • Márquez-Ramos, L. (2007). Understanding the determinants of international trade in African countries: An empirical analysis for Ghana and South Africa. Instituto de Economía Internacional.
  • Matuszczak, Ł. (2020). What are the determinants of international trade in services?: Evidence from firm-level data for Poland. Bank i Kredyt, 51(2), 143-166.
  • Narayan, P. K. and R. Smyth. (2005). Trade liberalization and economic growth in Fiji. An empirical assessment using the ARDL approach. Journal of The Asia Pacific Economy, 10(1), 96-115.
  • Narayan, P. K. and S. Narayan. (2005). Estimating income and price elasticities of imports for Fiji in a cointegration framework. Economic Modelling, 22, 423-438.
  • Nordås, H. K., and Piermartini, R. (2004). Infrastructure and trade. WTO, Staff Working Paper.
  • Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., and Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289-326.
  • Porter, M., E. (1990). The Competitive Advantage of Nations. New York: Free Press, (Republished with a new introduction, 1998.)
  • Rose, A. (2004). Macroeconomic determinants of international trade. NBER working paper. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA.
  • Situmorang, P. P., and Agustina, N. (2021). Determinants of service export in ASEAN member countries. In Proceedings of The International Conference on Data Science and Official Statistics (Vol. 2021, No. 1, pp. 458-470).
  • Şimdi, H., Şeker, A., and Danacı, T. (2017). Uluslararası ticaret ve ulaşılabilirlik: Türkiye karayolları üzerine bir araştırma. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(19), 254-268.
  • Tahir, M. (2020). Trade and life expectancy in China: a cointegration analysis. China Economic Journal, 13(3), 322-338.
  • Tufan, H. C. (2021). Türkiye’nin hizmet ihracatının analizi (Unpublished Doctoral dissertation). Kastamonu Üniversitesi, Kastamonu.
  • Tüik. (2021). Yıllık Gayrisafi Yurt İçi Hasıla, 2020. Retrieved at: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Yillik-Gayrisafi-Yurt-Ici-Hasila-2020-37184
  • Tüik. (2020). İşgücü İstatistikleri, Ocak 2020. Retrieved at: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Isgucu-Istatistikleri-Ocak-2020-33785#:~:text=%C4%B0stihdam%20edilenlerin%20%16%2C0',ise%20hizmet%20sekt%C3%B6r%C3%BCnde%20yer%20ald%C4%B1.&text=%C4%B0%C5%9Fg%C3%BCc%C3%BC%202020%20y%C4%B1l%C4%B1%20Ocak%20d%C3%B6neminde,%51%2C0%20olarak%20ger%C3%A7ekle%C5%9Fti.
  • UNWTO. (2022). 145 Key Tourism Statistics. Retrieved at: https://www.unwto.org/tourism-statistics/key-tourism-statistics
  • Warner, D., and Kreinin, M. E. (1983). Determinants of international trade flows. The Review of Economics and statistics, 65(1), 96-104.
  • World Bank. (2022). Service exports (BoP, current US$) – Turkey. Retrieved at: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/BX.GSR.NFSV.CD?locations=TR
  • Yıldız, G. A. (2021). Internet hizmet ticaretini nasıl etkiler?. Third Sector Social Economic Review, 56(2), 1046-1061.
  • Yingfei, Y., Mengze, Z., Zeyu, L., Ki-Hyung, B., Avotra, A. A. R. N., and Nawaz, A. (2022). Green logistics performance and infrastructure on service trade and environment-measuring firm’s performance and service quality. Journal of King Saud University-Science, 34(1), 101683.

INFRASTRUCTURE AS A DETERMINANT OF NATIONAL ADVANTAGE IN SERVICE EXPORT: THE CASE OF TÜRKİYE

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 37, 89 - 102, 11.11.2022
https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.1134247

Öz

Today, service sector is the dominating sector of especially developing and developed economies. Herein, gaining national advantage in international trade in services is critical for each country. Therefore, this research considers infrastructure as one of sources of national advantage and examines the impact of infrastructure (divided roads, railways, medical institutions, tourism operation certificated businesses, universities) on service export in Türkiye. In accordance with this purpose, cointegration analysis was carried out for the period of 1982-2020 by leveraging ARDL model. The results indicate that while divided roads, railways and the number of tourism operation certificated businesses have positive and significant impact on service export in Türkiye, the number of universities and medical institutions have negative and insignificant effect on service export in Türkiye. At the end of the research some recommendations for policymakers are provided.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmad, S. A., Kaliappan, S. R., and Ismail, N. W. (2017). Determinants of service export in selected developing Asian countries. International Journal of Business and Society, 18(1), 329-346.
  • Aijaz, U., Bano, S., and Lodhi, K. S. (2022). Internal determinants of the service trade exports of China: A time-series analysis. Pakistan Journal of International Affairs, 5(2), 1-19.
  • Bahmani-Oskooee, M. (1986). Determinants of international trade flows: the case of developing countries. Journal of Development Economics, 20(1), 107-123.
  • Bilgiç, E. (2019a). İnternet teknolojisinin Türk hizmet ihracatı üzerindeki etkisi. Başkent Üniversitesi Ticari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(1), 22-36.
  • Bilgiç, E. (2019b). Küreselleşme süreci̇nde kayıt dışı ekonomi̇ni̇n Türk hi̇zmet ihracatı üzeri̇ndeki̇ etki̇si̇ üzeri̇ne model öneri̇si̇ ve tartışma. Academic Review of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(2), 144-167.
  • Bilgiç, E. (2021). Do impacts of factors affecting goods trade differentiate for service trade? The case of Turkey. Kafkas Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(24), 1056-1078.
  • Celbis, G., Nijkamp, P., and Poot, J. (2014). Infrastructure and trade: A meta-analysis. Region, 1(1), 25-64.
  • Chatti, W., and Khoj, H. (2020). Service export sensitivity to Internet adoption: evidence from dynamic panel data analysis. Res World Econ, 11(6), 259-268.
  • Chen, J., Huang, J., Zheng, L., and Zhang, C. (2019). An empirical analysis of telecommunication infrastructure promoting the scale of international service trade: Based on the panel data of countries along the belt and road. Transformations in Business & Economics, 18(2), 124-139.
  • Coşkun, R. (2021). Örnek Olaylarla STRATEJİK YÖNETİM Kuram ve Uygulama. Sakarya Yayıncılık: Sakarya.
  • Francois, J., and Manchin, M. (2013). Institutions, infrastructure, and trade. World Development, 46, 165-175.
  • Ismail, N. W., and Mahyideen, J. M. (2015). The Impact of infrastructure on trade and economic growth in selected economies in Asia. ADBI Working Paper 553. Tokyo: Asian Development Bank Institute. Available: http://www.adb.org/publications/impact-infrastructuretrade-and-economic-growth-selected-economies-asia/
  • Jensen, C., and Zhang, J. (2013). Trade in tourism services: Explaining tourism trade and the impact of the general agreement on trade in services on the gains from trade. The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 22(3), 398-429.
  • Kang, M. (2020). The study on the effect of the internet and mobile-cellular on trade in services: Using the modified gravity model. J. Internet Serv. Inf. Secur., 10(4), 90-100.
  • Koca, A., and Yıldırım, N. (2021). Türkiye ekonomisinde hizmet ihracatının temel belirleyicileri: Zaman serisi analizi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 39(3), 441-458.
  • Korkut, Y., Yavuz, S., & Zeren, F. (2021). Uluslararası ticaret ve lojistik arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi: G20 ülkeleri örneği. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, (30), 77-88.
  • Lennon, C. (2009). Trade in services and trade in goods: Differences and complementarities (No. 53). wiiw Working Paper.
  • Márquez-Ramos, L. (2007). Understanding the determinants of international trade in African countries: An empirical analysis for Ghana and South Africa. Instituto de Economía Internacional.
  • Matuszczak, Ł. (2020). What are the determinants of international trade in services?: Evidence from firm-level data for Poland. Bank i Kredyt, 51(2), 143-166.
  • Narayan, P. K. and R. Smyth. (2005). Trade liberalization and economic growth in Fiji. An empirical assessment using the ARDL approach. Journal of The Asia Pacific Economy, 10(1), 96-115.
  • Narayan, P. K. and S. Narayan. (2005). Estimating income and price elasticities of imports for Fiji in a cointegration framework. Economic Modelling, 22, 423-438.
  • Nordås, H. K., and Piermartini, R. (2004). Infrastructure and trade. WTO, Staff Working Paper.
  • Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., and Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289-326.
  • Porter, M., E. (1990). The Competitive Advantage of Nations. New York: Free Press, (Republished with a new introduction, 1998.)
  • Rose, A. (2004). Macroeconomic determinants of international trade. NBER working paper. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA.
  • Situmorang, P. P., and Agustina, N. (2021). Determinants of service export in ASEAN member countries. In Proceedings of The International Conference on Data Science and Official Statistics (Vol. 2021, No. 1, pp. 458-470).
  • Şimdi, H., Şeker, A., and Danacı, T. (2017). Uluslararası ticaret ve ulaşılabilirlik: Türkiye karayolları üzerine bir araştırma. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(19), 254-268.
  • Tahir, M. (2020). Trade and life expectancy in China: a cointegration analysis. China Economic Journal, 13(3), 322-338.
  • Tufan, H. C. (2021). Türkiye’nin hizmet ihracatının analizi (Unpublished Doctoral dissertation). Kastamonu Üniversitesi, Kastamonu.
  • Tüik. (2021). Yıllık Gayrisafi Yurt İçi Hasıla, 2020. Retrieved at: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Yillik-Gayrisafi-Yurt-Ici-Hasila-2020-37184
  • Tüik. (2020). İşgücü İstatistikleri, Ocak 2020. Retrieved at: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Isgucu-Istatistikleri-Ocak-2020-33785#:~:text=%C4%B0stihdam%20edilenlerin%20%16%2C0',ise%20hizmet%20sekt%C3%B6r%C3%BCnde%20yer%20ald%C4%B1.&text=%C4%B0%C5%9Fg%C3%BCc%C3%BC%202020%20y%C4%B1l%C4%B1%20Ocak%20d%C3%B6neminde,%51%2C0%20olarak%20ger%C3%A7ekle%C5%9Fti.
  • UNWTO. (2022). 145 Key Tourism Statistics. Retrieved at: https://www.unwto.org/tourism-statistics/key-tourism-statistics
  • Warner, D., and Kreinin, M. E. (1983). Determinants of international trade flows. The Review of Economics and statistics, 65(1), 96-104.
  • World Bank. (2022). Service exports (BoP, current US$) – Turkey. Retrieved at: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/BX.GSR.NFSV.CD?locations=TR
  • Yıldız, G. A. (2021). Internet hizmet ticaretini nasıl etkiler?. Third Sector Social Economic Review, 56(2), 1046-1061.
  • Yingfei, Y., Mengze, Z., Zeyu, L., Ki-Hyung, B., Avotra, A. A. R. N., and Nawaz, A. (2022). Green logistics performance and infrastructure on service trade and environment-measuring firm’s performance and service quality. Journal of King Saud University-Science, 34(1), 101683.
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ekonomi
Bölüm MAKALELER
Yazarlar

Emre Bilgiç 0000-0003-1392-5320

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 5 Kasım 2022
Yayımlanma Tarihi 11 Kasım 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Sayı: 37

Kaynak Göster

APA Bilgiç, E. (2022). INFRASTRUCTURE AS A DETERMINANT OF NATIONAL ADVANTAGE IN SERVICE EXPORT: THE CASE OF TÜRKİYE. Uluslararası İktisadi Ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi(37), 89-102. https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.1134247


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