Araştırma Makalesi
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Conversation Analysis

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 55 - 63, 31.12.2023

Öz

Analyzing naturally occurring conversation in social contexts can help us understand the dy-namics of social life, how individuals perceive and sustain their relationships with one other, and how institutions are maintained through daily routines. This is only achievable with a systematic research approach that is very strong both methodologically and theoretically, con-centrates on empirical data, and is able to incorporate into the analysis all the micro details of the conversation and its context without introducing the researchers’ subjective presumptions. Conversation Analysis, that is the research method incorporating all of these, can generally be described as the scientific examination of people’s conversations and verbal communication. It is a set of methods and an approach in social sciences that aims to describe, analyze and understand talk as the basis of people’s social life (Sidnell, 2010). The aim of this study is to provide an insight for conversation analysis. Based on this, the background and development of conversational analysis is provided, main structural characteristics of talk-in-interaction, which are turn-taking, adjacency pairs and sequence organization, and repair are discussed, the method of data collection and transcription is explained, and finally, conversation analysis in management research is addressed.

Kaynakça

  • References
  • Antaki, C. (2008). Discourse analysis and conversation analysis. The Sage Handbook of Social Research Methods (pp. 431446). Sage Publication.
  • Antaki, C. (2011). Six kinds of applied conversation analysis. In Applied conversation analysis: Intervention and change in institutional talk (pp. 1-14). Palgrave Macmillan UK.
  • Atkinson, J. M., & Drew, P. (1979). Order in court. Springer.
  • Beach, W. A. (2012). Conversation analysis and communication. The handbook of Conversation Analysis (pp. 674687). Wiley.
  • Brandt, A., & Mortensen, K. (2016). Conversation analysis. In Z. Hua (Ed.), Research methods in intercultural communication: A practical guide (pp. 297310). Wiley.
  • Clayman, S. E. (2012). Conversation analysis in the news interview. In: J. Sidnell, & T. Stivers (Eds.), The handbook of conversation analysis, (pp. 630656). Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
  • Clemente, I. (2012). Conversation analysis and anthropology. The handbook of conversation analysis, 688-700.
  • Drew, P., & Curl, T. (2008). Conversation analysis: Overview and new directions. In J. Sidnell & T. Stivers (Eds.), Advances in discourse studies, (pp. 3245). Blackwell-Wiley.
  • Drew, P., & Heritage, J. (Eds.). (1992). Talk at work: interaction in institutional settings. Cambridge University Press.
  • Gardner, R. (2004). Conversation analysis. In A. Davies, & C. Elder (Eds.), The handbook of applied linguistics, (pp. 262284). Wiley.
  • Gardner, R. (2012). Conversation analysis in the classroom. In J. Sidnell, & T. Stivers, (Eds.), The handbook of conversation analysis, (pp. 593611). Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
  • Garfinkel, H. (1967). Studies in ethnomethodology. Englewood Cliffs.
  • Goffman, E. (1964). The Neglected Situation. In J. J. Gumperz, & D. Hymes (Eds.), The Ethnography of Communication. American Anthropologist.
  • Goffman, E. (1967). Interaction ritual: Essays in face to face behavior. Doubleday.
  • Goffman, E. (1981). Forms of talk. University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Goodwin, C., & Goodwin, M. (1996). Seeing as a situated activity: formulating planes. In Y. Engestrom and D. Middleton (eds.) Cognition and Communication at Work (pp. 6195). Cambridge University Press.
  • Goodwin, C., & Heritage, J. (1990). Conversation analysis. Annual Review of Anthropology, 19(1), 283307.
  • Greatbatch, D., & Clark, T. (2012). Conversation analysis in management research. In G. Symon, & C. Cassell (Eds.), Qualitative organizational research: core methods and current challenges, (pp. 451-472). Sage.
  • Greatbatch, D., & Dingwall, R. (1997). Argumentative talk in divorce mediation sessions. American Sociological Review, 151170.
  • Heath, C., Luff, P., & Knoblauch, H. (2004). Tools, technologies and Organizational Interaction: The Emergence of Workplace Studies. In D. Grant, C. Hardy, C. Oswick & L. Putnam (Eds.), Organizational Discourse, (pp. 337358). Sage.
  • Heritage, J. (1985). A change-of-state token and aspects of its sequential placement. Structures of Social Action, 299345.
  • Heritage, J. (1997). Conversation analysis and institutional talk: Analysing data. In D. Silverman (Ed.), Qualitative research: Theory, method and practice. Sage
  • Heritage, J. (2004). Conversation Analysis and Institutional Talk. In Handbook of language and social interaction (pp. 103147). Psychology Press.
  • Heritage, J., & Stivers, T. (2012). Conversation analysis and sociology. In J. Sidnell, & T. Stivers (Eds.), The handbook of conversation analysis (pp. 657-673). Wiley.
  • Hoey, E. M., & Kendrick, K. H. (2017). Conversation analysis. In A. M. B. De Groot, & P. Hagoort (Eds.), Research methods in psycholinguistics: A practical guide, (pp. 151173). Wiley.
  • Hutchby, I., & Wooffitt, R. (1998). Conversation analysis: Principles, practices and applications. Polity Press.
  • Kasper, G., & Wagner, J. (2014). Conversation analysis in applied linguistics. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 34, 171212.
  • Kevoe-Feldman, H. (2019). Inside the emergency service call-center: Reviewing thirty years of language and social interaction research. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 52(3), 227240.
  • Koole, T. (2013). Conversation analysis and education. The encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics, 977982.
  • Liddicoat, A. J. (2021). An introduction to conversation analysis. Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Mazeland, H. (2006). Conversation analysis. Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, 3, 153162.
  • Nielsen, M. F. (2009). Interpretative management in business meetings: Understanding managers' interactional strategies through conversation analysis. The Journal of Business Communication, 46(1), 2356.
  • Pallotti, G. (2007). Conversation analysis: Methodology, machinery and application to specific settings. Conversation analysis and language for specific purposes. Peter Lang.
  • Peräkylä, A. (1997). Conversation analysis: a new model of research in doctor–patient communication. Journal of the Royal society of Medicine, 90(4), 205208.
  • Peräkylä, A. (2004). Conversation analysis. In C. Seale, D. Silverman, J. Gubrium, & G. Gobo, (Eds.), Qualitative Research Practice (pp. 165-179). Sage.
  • Potter, J., & Edwards, D. (2012). Conversation analysis and psychology. In: J. Sidnell, & T. Stivers (Eds.), The handbook of conversation analysis (pp. 701725). Wiley.
  • Roca-Cuberes, C. (2014). Conversation analysis and the study of social institutions: methodological, socio-cultural and epistemic considerations. Athenea Digital, 14(1), 303331.
  • Sacks, H. (1992). Lectures on conversation: Vol. I. Blackwell.
  • Sacks, H., Schegloff, E. A., & Jefferson, G. (1974). Linguistic society of America. Language, 50(1), 696735.
  • Sacks, H., Schegloff, E. A., & Jefferson, G. (1978). A simplest systematics for the organization of turn taking for conversation. In J. Schenkein, (Ed.), Studies in the organization of conversational
  • interaction (pp. 755). Academic Press
  • Schegloff, E. A. (1990). On the organization of sequences as a source of “coherence” in talk-in-interaction. Conversational Organization and its Development, 38, 5177.
  • Schegloff, E. A. (1991). Conversation analysis and socially shared cognition. In L. B. Resnick, J. M. Levine, & S. D. Teasley (Eds.), Perspectives on socially shared cognition (pp. 150–171). American Psychological Association.
  • Schegloff, E. A. (1992). Repair after next turn: The last structurally provided defense of intersubjectivity in conversation. American Journal of Sociology, 97(5), 12951345.
  • Schegloff, E. A. (1995). Discourse as an interactional achievement III: The omnirelevance of action. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 28(3), 185211.
  • Schegloff, E. A. (2007). Sequence organization in interaction: Vol. I. Cambridge University Press.
  • Schegloff, E. A., & Sacks, H. (1973). Opening up Closings. Semiotica, 8(4), 289327.
  • Schegloff, E. A., Jefferson, G., & Sacks, H. (1977). The preference for self-correction in the organization of repair in conversation. Language, 53(2), 361382.
  • Seedhouse, P. (2004). The interactional architecture of the language classroom: A conversation analysis perspective. Language Learning, 54(Suppl 1), 10–14.
  • Sidnell, J. (2010). Conversation analysis: An introduction. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Suchman, L. (1987). Plans and situated actions. Cambridge University Press
  • Suchman, L. (1992). Technologies of accountability: On lizards and aeroplanes. In Button, G. (Ed.), Technology in working order (pp.113-126). Routledge.
  • Ten Have, P. (1999). Doing Conversation Analysis - A Practical Guide. Sage.
  • Watson, D. R. (1992). Ethnomethodology, conversation analysis and education: An overview. International Review of Education, 38, 257274.
  • Whalen, J. (1995). A technology of order production: computer aided dispatch in public safety communications’. In P. Ten Have, & G. Psthas (Eds.), Situated Order: Studies in the Social organization of Talk and Embodied activities (pp.187230). University Press America.
  • Wilkinson, S., & Kitzinger, C. (2014). Conversation analysis in language and gender studies. In S. Ehrlich, M. Meyerhoff, & J. Holmes (Eds.), The handbook of language, gender, and sexuality (pp. 141160). Wiley.
  • Wooffitt, R. (2005). Conversation analysis and discourse analysis: A comparative and critical introduction. Sage.
  • Zeitlyn, D. (2004). The gift of the gab. Anthropology and conversation analysis. Anthropos, 99, 451468.

Konuşma Analizi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 55 - 63, 31.12.2023

Öz

Sosyal bağlamlarda doğal olarak gerçekleşen konuşmaları analiz etmek, sosyal yaşamın di-namiklerini, bireylerin birbirleriyle ilişkilerini nasıl algılayıp sürdürdüklerini ve kurumların günlük rutinler aracılığıyla nasıl sürdürüldüğünü anlamamıza yardımcı olabilir. Bu ancak, metodolojik ve teorik olarak çok güçlü, ampirik verilere odaklanan ve araştırmacıların öznel varsayımlarını devreye sokmadan görüşmenin ve bağlamının tüm mikro ayrıntılarını analize dahil edebilen sistematik bir araştırma yaklaşımıyla başarılabilir. Tüm bunları bünyesinde ba-rındıran bir araştırma yöntemi olan Konuşma Analizi, genel olarak insanların konuşmalarının ve sözlü iletişimlerinin bilimsel olarak incelenmesi olarak tanımlanabilir. Sosyal bilimlerde konuşma analizi, insanların sosyal yaşamının temeli olan konuşmayı tanımlamayı, analiz etmeyi ve anlamayı amaçlayan bir dizi yöntem ve yaklaşımdır (Sidnell, 2010). Bu çalışmanın amacı, konuşma analizine ışık tutmaktır. Buna dayanarak, bu çalışmada, konuşma analizinin arka planı ve gelişimine ilişkin literatür taraması sunulmakta, kişilerarası etkileşimde konuş-manın temel yapısal özellikleri tartışılmakta, konuşma analizinde kullanılan veri toplama ve transkripsiyon yöntemi açıklanmakta ve son olarak yönetim alanında konuşma analizinin ye-rine değinilmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • References
  • Antaki, C. (2008). Discourse analysis and conversation analysis. The Sage Handbook of Social Research Methods (pp. 431446). Sage Publication.
  • Antaki, C. (2011). Six kinds of applied conversation analysis. In Applied conversation analysis: Intervention and change in institutional talk (pp. 1-14). Palgrave Macmillan UK.
  • Atkinson, J. M., & Drew, P. (1979). Order in court. Springer.
  • Beach, W. A. (2012). Conversation analysis and communication. The handbook of Conversation Analysis (pp. 674687). Wiley.
  • Brandt, A., & Mortensen, K. (2016). Conversation analysis. In Z. Hua (Ed.), Research methods in intercultural communication: A practical guide (pp. 297310). Wiley.
  • Clayman, S. E. (2012). Conversation analysis in the news interview. In: J. Sidnell, & T. Stivers (Eds.), The handbook of conversation analysis, (pp. 630656). Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
  • Clemente, I. (2012). Conversation analysis and anthropology. The handbook of conversation analysis, 688-700.
  • Drew, P., & Curl, T. (2008). Conversation analysis: Overview and new directions. In J. Sidnell & T. Stivers (Eds.), Advances in discourse studies, (pp. 3245). Blackwell-Wiley.
  • Drew, P., & Heritage, J. (Eds.). (1992). Talk at work: interaction in institutional settings. Cambridge University Press.
  • Gardner, R. (2004). Conversation analysis. In A. Davies, & C. Elder (Eds.), The handbook of applied linguistics, (pp. 262284). Wiley.
  • Gardner, R. (2012). Conversation analysis in the classroom. In J. Sidnell, & T. Stivers, (Eds.), The handbook of conversation analysis, (pp. 593611). Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
  • Garfinkel, H. (1967). Studies in ethnomethodology. Englewood Cliffs.
  • Goffman, E. (1964). The Neglected Situation. In J. J. Gumperz, & D. Hymes (Eds.), The Ethnography of Communication. American Anthropologist.
  • Goffman, E. (1967). Interaction ritual: Essays in face to face behavior. Doubleday.
  • Goffman, E. (1981). Forms of talk. University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Goodwin, C., & Goodwin, M. (1996). Seeing as a situated activity: formulating planes. In Y. Engestrom and D. Middleton (eds.) Cognition and Communication at Work (pp. 6195). Cambridge University Press.
  • Goodwin, C., & Heritage, J. (1990). Conversation analysis. Annual Review of Anthropology, 19(1), 283307.
  • Greatbatch, D., & Clark, T. (2012). Conversation analysis in management research. In G. Symon, & C. Cassell (Eds.), Qualitative organizational research: core methods and current challenges, (pp. 451-472). Sage.
  • Greatbatch, D., & Dingwall, R. (1997). Argumentative talk in divorce mediation sessions. American Sociological Review, 151170.
  • Heath, C., Luff, P., & Knoblauch, H. (2004). Tools, technologies and Organizational Interaction: The Emergence of Workplace Studies. In D. Grant, C. Hardy, C. Oswick & L. Putnam (Eds.), Organizational Discourse, (pp. 337358). Sage.
  • Heritage, J. (1985). A change-of-state token and aspects of its sequential placement. Structures of Social Action, 299345.
  • Heritage, J. (1997). Conversation analysis and institutional talk: Analysing data. In D. Silverman (Ed.), Qualitative research: Theory, method and practice. Sage
  • Heritage, J. (2004). Conversation Analysis and Institutional Talk. In Handbook of language and social interaction (pp. 103147). Psychology Press.
  • Heritage, J., & Stivers, T. (2012). Conversation analysis and sociology. In J. Sidnell, & T. Stivers (Eds.), The handbook of conversation analysis (pp. 657-673). Wiley.
  • Hoey, E. M., & Kendrick, K. H. (2017). Conversation analysis. In A. M. B. De Groot, & P. Hagoort (Eds.), Research methods in psycholinguistics: A practical guide, (pp. 151173). Wiley.
  • Hutchby, I., & Wooffitt, R. (1998). Conversation analysis: Principles, practices and applications. Polity Press.
  • Kasper, G., & Wagner, J. (2014). Conversation analysis in applied linguistics. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 34, 171212.
  • Kevoe-Feldman, H. (2019). Inside the emergency service call-center: Reviewing thirty years of language and social interaction research. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 52(3), 227240.
  • Koole, T. (2013). Conversation analysis and education. The encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics, 977982.
  • Liddicoat, A. J. (2021). An introduction to conversation analysis. Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Mazeland, H. (2006). Conversation analysis. Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, 3, 153162.
  • Nielsen, M. F. (2009). Interpretative management in business meetings: Understanding managers' interactional strategies through conversation analysis. The Journal of Business Communication, 46(1), 2356.
  • Pallotti, G. (2007). Conversation analysis: Methodology, machinery and application to specific settings. Conversation analysis and language for specific purposes. Peter Lang.
  • Peräkylä, A. (1997). Conversation analysis: a new model of research in doctor–patient communication. Journal of the Royal society of Medicine, 90(4), 205208.
  • Peräkylä, A. (2004). Conversation analysis. In C. Seale, D. Silverman, J. Gubrium, & G. Gobo, (Eds.), Qualitative Research Practice (pp. 165-179). Sage.
  • Potter, J., & Edwards, D. (2012). Conversation analysis and psychology. In: J. Sidnell, & T. Stivers (Eds.), The handbook of conversation analysis (pp. 701725). Wiley.
  • Roca-Cuberes, C. (2014). Conversation analysis and the study of social institutions: methodological, socio-cultural and epistemic considerations. Athenea Digital, 14(1), 303331.
  • Sacks, H. (1992). Lectures on conversation: Vol. I. Blackwell.
  • Sacks, H., Schegloff, E. A., & Jefferson, G. (1974). Linguistic society of America. Language, 50(1), 696735.
  • Sacks, H., Schegloff, E. A., & Jefferson, G. (1978). A simplest systematics for the organization of turn taking for conversation. In J. Schenkein, (Ed.), Studies in the organization of conversational
  • interaction (pp. 755). Academic Press
  • Schegloff, E. A. (1990). On the organization of sequences as a source of “coherence” in talk-in-interaction. Conversational Organization and its Development, 38, 5177.
  • Schegloff, E. A. (1991). Conversation analysis and socially shared cognition. In L. B. Resnick, J. M. Levine, & S. D. Teasley (Eds.), Perspectives on socially shared cognition (pp. 150–171). American Psychological Association.
  • Schegloff, E. A. (1992). Repair after next turn: The last structurally provided defense of intersubjectivity in conversation. American Journal of Sociology, 97(5), 12951345.
  • Schegloff, E. A. (1995). Discourse as an interactional achievement III: The omnirelevance of action. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 28(3), 185211.
  • Schegloff, E. A. (2007). Sequence organization in interaction: Vol. I. Cambridge University Press.
  • Schegloff, E. A., & Sacks, H. (1973). Opening up Closings. Semiotica, 8(4), 289327.
  • Schegloff, E. A., Jefferson, G., & Sacks, H. (1977). The preference for self-correction in the organization of repair in conversation. Language, 53(2), 361382.
  • Seedhouse, P. (2004). The interactional architecture of the language classroom: A conversation analysis perspective. Language Learning, 54(Suppl 1), 10–14.
  • Sidnell, J. (2010). Conversation analysis: An introduction. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Suchman, L. (1987). Plans and situated actions. Cambridge University Press
  • Suchman, L. (1992). Technologies of accountability: On lizards and aeroplanes. In Button, G. (Ed.), Technology in working order (pp.113-126). Routledge.
  • Ten Have, P. (1999). Doing Conversation Analysis - A Practical Guide. Sage.
  • Watson, D. R. (1992). Ethnomethodology, conversation analysis and education: An overview. International Review of Education, 38, 257274.
  • Whalen, J. (1995). A technology of order production: computer aided dispatch in public safety communications’. In P. Ten Have, & G. Psthas (Eds.), Situated Order: Studies in the Social organization of Talk and Embodied activities (pp.187230). University Press America.
  • Wilkinson, S., & Kitzinger, C. (2014). Conversation analysis in language and gender studies. In S. Ehrlich, M. Meyerhoff, & J. Holmes (Eds.), The handbook of language, gender, and sexuality (pp. 141160). Wiley.
  • Wooffitt, R. (2005). Conversation analysis and discourse analysis: A comparative and critical introduction. Sage.
  • Zeitlyn, D. (2004). The gift of the gab. Anthropology and conversation analysis. Anthropos, 99, 451468.
Toplam 59 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Karşılaştırmalı Siyasi Kurumlar
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Halit Keskin 0000-0003-4432-3998

Tuba Etlioğlu Başaran 0000-0002-1173-315X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 27 Kasım 2023
Kabul Tarihi 19 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Keskin, H., & Etlioğlu Başaran, T. (2023). Konuşma Analizi. Yildiz Social Science Review, 9(2), 55-63.