Growing Wheat (Trititcum aestivum L.) by the Methods of Organic Agriculture Under the Conditions of Dobrudzha Region, Bulgaria

G. Mılev; N. Nankov; I. Ilıev; A. Ivanova; M. Nankova

Growing Wheat (Trititcum aestivum L.) by the Methods of Organic Agriculture Under the Conditions of Dobrudzha Region, Bulgaria

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 1 Sayı: Özel Sayı-1, 849 - 857, 01.03.2014

G. Mılev N. Nankov I. Ilıev A. Ivanova M. Nankova

Öz

During 2011 – 2013 a field experiment with wheat (Trititcum aestivum L.) was carried out in the trial field of Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute. The aim of the investigation was to determine what are the possibilities of growing common wheat in a main wheat production region (Dobrudzha, north-east Bulgaria) using the methods of organic agriculture. The results from the biological growing were compared to the respective results obtained by the conventional method. The following agronomy factors were investigated in both variants of production: three sowing dates (early, optimal and late) x three cultivars (Enola, Aglika and Galateya) x three sowing norms (550, 650 and 750 seeds m-2). In the conventional part of the experiment, suitable fertilizers and pesticides were applied. Wheat was rotated with fodder pea, grain maize and fallow. The soil in the trial field was slightly leached chernozem (Luvic phaeozem) with very good physical and chemical characteristics. The trial was designed according to the split-split plot method in four replications. Wheat productivity in both ways of production was significantly influenced by the tested agronomy factors. Averaged for the investigated period, the yield obtained in the conventional production exceeded the biological method with 11.94 %. The early sowing date was an important prerequisite for higher yields under organic growing. The sowing density was the factor with most variable effect on wheat productivity. Cultivar Aglika demonstrated highest mean productivity under both ways of production. The year conditions had significant effect on grain yield in both methods of growing

Anahtar Kelimeler

wheat, organic agriculture, grain yield

Kaynakça

Bioagriculture, 2011. Brief history of bio dynamic agriculture (In Bg).
Dzhumalieva, D., Vassilev, А., Koynov, G., Konstantinov, K., Donchev, N., Lyubenov, Y., Kontev, H.,. Shtabanov, D., Milyanchev I., Milev V., Surlekov, P., 1986. Crop rotations in intensive agriculture, S. (In Bg).
Dimitrov, Ю., Karov, S., 2004. Fundamentals of organic agriculture. Plovdiv : Foundation Bioselena,.50 p. (in Bg).
Kassimov, I. 1982. Optimal sowing norm and date of wheat, Agriculture, No 8:28-31 (In Bg).
Kassimov, I. 1989. Formation and parameters of the highly productive crop of common winter wheat in Dobrudzha region, D. Sci. abstract. (In Bg).
Klochkov, B., 1983. On some theoretical and applied problems of the minimal soil tillage of slightly leached chernozem soils, D. Sci abstract. (in Bg).
National plan for development of organic agriculture in Bulgaria during 2007 – 2013, (in Bg).
Regulation No 22 of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forests from 4th July 2001 on organic production of plants, plant products and foods of plant origin and their respective designations, 68/03.08.2001 (In Bg). Gazette No
Production, distribution and consummation of of organic products in Bulgaria (marketing research results) 2009. Vitosha Research, Sofia. (in Bg).
Simeonov, B., 1956. On pre-sowing soil tillage before winter wheat under the conditions of communications of ”Agricultural thought”, DSNII, 83-102 (In Bg). research periodical the
Steiner, R., 2001. Biodynamic agriculture. Spiritual and scientific principles for development in agriculture. Publishing house “Daskalov”, Stara Zagora, ISBN 954-495-044-3. (In Bg).
Boone, N. 1999. Organic wheat production revitalizing handbook: production in Northern New Mexico. Santa Fe, NM, USA, Kernel of Life. wheat
Burnett, V. & Clarke, S. 2002. Organic farming: wheat Agriculture Notes. AG1075. ISSN 1329- 8062. marketing.
Emmens, J., 2003. Considerations for conversion to organic production for wheat-based farming systems, FAOSTAT
Kus, J. and M. Fotyma, 1992. Stan I perspektywy
ekologicznego, rolnictva
Fragmenta Agronomica, 2: 75-86 ecologicznego, Internet sources:
www.codexalimentarius.org
www.biozemedelie.com www.bio.bg www.bioselena.com
www.balkanbiosert.com www.ifoam.org www.ifoam-eu.org
www.organic-market.info
www.ec.eropa.eu/agriculture/organic/organic- farming/what-organic_bg
http://www.nre.vic.gov.au/4A2568B2008332A3/ BCView/139AA72A06A859ACCA256C7800 812F77?OpenDocument (/pdf/AG1075.pdf)