Araştırma Makalesi
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SMART CITY INDICATORS AND STRATEGIES

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 1 - 23, 29.05.2019

Öz

The need for energy
conservation of natural resources and economic sustainability concerns the new
alternatives to solve the urban problems by forcing the country and urban
economies more. In the solution of these problems, life and cities which will
be shaped by information and communication Technologies (ICT) within the
framework of Industry 4.0 become the agenda items of decision makers, urban
planners, management informatics and engineers. It is possible with an effective
city management to increase the consumption need and to meet these needs
according to the needs of the age. In order to meet these needs according to
the needs of the age, the smart city is defined as the system that provides the
quality of life, effective city management and participatory and sustainable
urban development by using ICT. The smart city system is based on the fact that
the decision makers, the private sector and the citizens are in a comprehensive
partnership.



The aim of this
study is to revise the definition of the smart city with the aim of determining
the road maps of urban planners and decision makers who want to determine the
smart city vision and to put them together with the smart city indicators and
strategies. For this purpose, a literature review about the definition of smart
city was made and the model of being a smart city consisting of smart city
indicators was presented. It is thought that the study will be important in
terms of urban planners and decision makers in terms of creating parameters
that can measure smart cities, and that the smart status of cities can be
compared over parameters and thus investments can be directed more accurately.

Kaynakça

  • Abellá-García, A., Ortiz-de-Urbina-Criado, M., & De-Pablos-Heredero, C. (2015). The ecosystem of services around smart cities: An exploratory analysis. Procedia Computer Science, 64, 1075-1080.
  • Aihemaiti A., Zaim A. H., (2018). Ranking Model of Smart Cities in Turkey, Anatolian Journal of Computer Sciences, Vol:3 No:2 pp: 35-43
  • Akdamar, E. (2017). Akıllı Kent İdealine Ulaşmada Büyük Verinin Rolü. Kent Akademisi, 10(30), 200-215.
  • Alawadhi, S., Aldama-Nalda, A., Chourabi, H., Gil-Garcia, J. R., Leung, S., Mellouli, S., ... & Walker, S. (2012, September). Building understanding of smart city initiatives. In International conference on electronic government (pp. 40-53). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
  • Angelidou, M. (2015). Smart cities: A conjuncture of four forces. Cities, 47, 95-106.
  • Atzori L., Iera A., Morabito G. The internet of things: A survey Computer Networks, 54 (15) (2010), pp. 2787-2805.
  • Barzilai-Nahon, K. (2006). Gaps and bits: Conceptualizing measurements for digital divide/s. The Information Society, 22(5), 269-278.
  • Batty, M., Axhausen, K. W., Giannotti, F., Pozdnoukhov, A., Bazzani, A., Wachowicz, M. et al. (2012). Smart cities of the future. The European Physıcal Journal Special Topıcs, 214, 481-518.
  • Batty, M. (2013). Smart cities lectures online. Arizona State University, School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning. Retrieved February 10, 2013 from http://www.spatialcomplexity.info/archives/1027.
  • Caragliu, A., Del Bo, C., & Nijkamp, P. (2011). Smart cities in Europe. Journal of Urban Technology, 18(2), 65-82.
  • Chourabi, H., Nam, T., Walker, S., Gil-Garcia, J. R., Mellouli, S., Nahon, K., ... & Scholl, H. J. (2012, January). Understanding smart cities: An integrative framework. In 2012 45th Hawaii international conference on system sciences (pp. 2289-2297). IEEE.
  • Clarke, R. Y. (2013). Smart cities and the internet of everything: The foundation for delivering next-generation citizen services, Smart Cities: Strategic Sustainable Development for an Urban World Alexandria, School of Engineering Blekinge Institute of Technology Karlskrona, Sweden, Master's Degree Thesis, VA, Tech. Rep.
  • Cocchia, A. (2014). Smart and digital city: A systematic literature review. In Smart city (pp. 13-43). Springer, Cham.
  • Colldahl, C., Frey, S., & Kelemen, J. E. (2013). Smart cities: Strategic sustainable development for an urban world.
  • Cohen, B. (December 19, 2012). 6 key components for smart cities 2012. UBM Future Cities City News. Retrieved February 15, 2013 from http://www.ubmfuturecities.com/author.asp?section_id=219&doc_id=524053&image_number=1
  • Cohen, B. (2013) The top 10 smart cities on the planet. Co. exist: World changing ideas and innovation. Retrieved February 6, http://www.fastcoexist.com/1679127/the-top-10-smart-cities-on-the-planet.
  • Cohen B. (2014) Smart City Index Master Indicators Survey. https://smartcitiescouncil.com/ resources/smart-city-index-master-indicators-survey.
  • Collin, M. N., (2018) “The Impact Of Smart Technologıes In The Munıcıpal Budget: Increased Revenue And Reduced Expenses For Better Servıces”, http://www.ccacoalition.org/en/resources/ impact-smart-technologies-municipal-budget-increased-revenue-and-reduced-expenses-better, 12. 03. 2018.
  • Çelikyay, H. H. (2013). Teknoloji Girdabından Akıllı Şehre Dönüşüm: İstanbul Örneği. Bursa: 2nd Turkey Graduate Studies Congress, Mayıs 2013.
  • Çelikyay, H. H. (2017). The Studies Through Smart Cities Model: The Case of Istanbul. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), 6(1), 149-163.
  • Deloitte, Vodafone, (2016). Akıllı Kent Yol Harıtası. http://www.tbv.org.tr/akilli-sehir-yol-haritasi,DP-1117.html
  • Dirks, S., & Keeling, M. (2009). A Vision of Smarter Cities: How Cities Can Lead the Way into a Prosperous and Sustainable Future. Somers, NY: IBM Global Business Services. Available from ftp://public.dhe.ibm.com/common/ssi/ecm/en/gbe03227usen/GBE03227USEN.PDF.
  • Ercoşkun, Ö. Y. (2016). Ultimate ICT Network in Turkey For Smart Cities. Journal of Planning, 26(2), 130-146.
  • Giffinger, R., Fertner, C., Kramar, H., Kalasek, R., Pichler‐Milanovic, N., & Meijers, E. (2007). Smart cities-ranking of European medium‐sized cities. Vienna University of Technology Research Report. from http://www.citieslocalgovernments.org/committees/cdc/Upload/formations/smartcitiesstudy_en.pdf, (03.03.2018)
  • Giffinger, R., (2007). Smart Cities - Ranking of European medium-sized cities. Centre of Regional Science, Vienna UT. 28p. Doi: 10.1080/17535069.2010.524420
  • Hall, R. E., Bowerman, B., Braverman, J., Taylor, J., Todosow, H., & Von Wimmersperg, U. (2000). The vision of a smart city (No. BNL-67902; 04042). Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY (US).
  • Harrison, C., Eckman, B., Hamilton, R., Hartswick, P., Kalagnanam, J., Paraszczak, J., & Williams, P. (2010). Foundations for smarter cities. IBM Journal of research and development, 54(4), 1-16.
  • Hollands, R. G. (2008). Will the real smart city please stand up? Intelligent, progressive or entrepreneurial? City, 12(3), 303-320.
  • Inayatullah, S. (2011). City futures in transformation: Emerging issues and case studies. Futures, 43(7), 654-661.
  • International Organization for Standardization, https://www.iso.org/member/2064.html (13.03.2018).
  • Kabakçı, O.K. (2016), Enerji Verimliliğinde Akıllı Kentlerin Rolü, Beklentiler ve Trendler, Uluslararası Sürdürülebilir Yapılı Çevre Konferansı, Bildiri Kitabı, SBE16 İstanbul, ss. 208-212.
  • Lombardi, Patrizia- Giordano, Silvia- Farouh, Hend-Yousef, Wael (2012). Modeling The Smart City Performance. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 25(2), 137–149. doi:10.1080/13511610.2012.660325.
  • Mangır, F. (2016). Yerel Yönetimler İçin" Akıllı Kent" Stratejileri: Konya Türkiye Örneği. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksek Okulu Dergisi, 19, 17-36.
  • Nam, T., & Pardo, T. A. (2011, September). Smart city as urban innovation: Focusing on management, policy, and context. In Proceedings of the 5th international conference on theory and practice of electronic governance (pp. 185-194). ACM.
  • Neirotti, P., De Marco, A., Cagliano, A. C., Mangano, G., & Scorrano, F. (2014). Current trends in Smart City initiatives: Some stylised facts. Cities, 38, 25-36.
  • Prasetyo, Y. A., & Arman, A. A. (2017). Group management system design for supporting society 5.0 in smart society platform. In 2017 International Conference on Information Technology Systems and Innovation (ICITSI) (pp. 398-404). IEEE.
  • Reinsel, D., Gantz, J., & Rydning, J. (2017). Data age 2025: The evolution of data to life-critical. Don’t Focus on Big Data.
  • Scholl, H. J., Barzilai-Nahon, K., Ahn, J-H., Olga, P., & Barbara, R. (2009). E-commerce and e-government: How do they compare? What can they learn from each other?. Proceedings of the 42nd Hawaiian International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2009), Koloa, Hawaii, January 4-7.
  • Shiroishi, Y., Uchiyama, K., & Suzuki, N. (2018). Society 5.0: For Human Security and Well-Being. Computer, 51(7), 91-95.
  • Sınmaz, S. (2013). Yeni gelişen planlama yaklaşımları çerçevesinde akıllı yerleşme kavramı ve temel ilkeleri. MEGARON, 8(2), 76-86.
  • Singh, B. (2015). Smart City-Smart Life: Dubai Expo 2020. Middle East Journal of Business, 55(2473), 1-4.
  • Su, K., Li, J., & Fu, H. (2011, September). Smart city and the applications. In 2011 İnternational Conference on Electronics, Communications and Control (ICECC) (pp. 1028-1031). IEEE.
  • Uçar, A., Şemşit, S., & Negiz, N. (2017). Avrupa Birliği Akıllı Kent Uygulamaları ve Türkiye’deki Yansımaları, Suleyman Demirel University Journal of Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences, 22.
  • United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG), https://www.uclg.org/en, (13.03.2018).
  • Vasseur, J. P. -Dunkels, A., (2010). Smart Cities and Urban Networks, In Interconnecting Smart Objects with IP—The Next Internet (pp. 335–351). Morgan Kaufmann. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12375165-200022-3.
  • Vanolo, A. (2014). Smartmentality: The smart city as a disciplinary strategy. Urban Studies, 51(5), 883-898.
  • Washburn, D., & Sindhu, U. (2010). Helping CIOs Understand “Smart City” Initiatives, Forrester Research Inc.
  • Zygiaris, Sotiris (2012). Smart City Reference Model: Assisting Planners To Conceptualize The Building Of Smart City Innovation Ecosystems, Journal of the Knowledge Economy. doi:10.1007/ s13132-0120089-4.
  • http://www.akillisehirler.org, 10.05.2018
  • http://www.smart-cities.eu, 03.05.2018
  • https://rg.smartcitiescouncil.com, 13.06.2018
  • The Government of Japan, www.japan.go.jp, 08.03.2018.

AKILLI KENT GÖSTERGELERİ VE STRATEJİLERİ

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 1 - 23, 29.05.2019

Öz

Enerji ihtiyacı,
doğal kaynakları korunma ve ekonomik sürdürebilirlik kaygıları ülke ve kent
ekonomilerini daha çok zorlamakta, kentsel sorunları çözmek için yeni
alternatiflere yöneltmektedir. Bu sorunların çözülmesinde endüstri 4.0
çerçevesinde bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri (BİT) üzerine şekillenecek olan
yaşam ve kentler karar alıcıların, kent plancıların, yönetim bilişimcilerin ve
mühendislerin gündem maddesi olmaktadır. Tüketim ihtiyacındaki artışın ve bu
ihtiyaçların çağın gereksinimlerine uygun olarak giderilmesi için etkin bir
kent yönetimi ile mümkündür. Akıllı kent, bu ihtiyaçların çağın
gereksinimlerine uygun olarak karşılanabilmesi amacıyla BİT ni kullanarak,
yaşam kalitesini arttırmayı, etkin kent yönetimi kurmayı, katılımcı ve
sürdürülebilir bir kentsel gelişme sağlayan sistem olarak tanımlanmaktadır.
Akıllı kent sistemi, karar alıcılar, özel sektör ve kentlinin geniş kapsamlı
bir ortaklık içerisinde olması temeline dayanmaktadır.



Bu çalışma akıllı
kent vizyonunu belirlemek isteyen kent plancıları ve karar alıcıların yol
haritalarını belirleyebilmesi hedefi ile akıllı kent tanımını yeniden ele almak
ve akıllı kent göstergelerini, stratejileri ile beraber ortaya koymak amacını
taşımaktadır. Bu amaçla akıllı kent tanımlarına ilişkin literatür taraması
yapılmış, akıllı kent göstergelerinden oluşan bir akıllı kent olma modeli
ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmanın kentlerin “akıllı olma” durumunu ölçebileceği parametrelerin
oluşturulması açısından kent plancılar ve karar alıcılar açısından önemli
olacağı, parametrelerin üzerinden kentlerin akıllı olma durumlarının
kıyaslanabileceği ve böylelikle yatırımlar daha doğru yönlendirilebileceği
düşünülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Abellá-García, A., Ortiz-de-Urbina-Criado, M., & De-Pablos-Heredero, C. (2015). The ecosystem of services around smart cities: An exploratory analysis. Procedia Computer Science, 64, 1075-1080.
  • Aihemaiti A., Zaim A. H., (2018). Ranking Model of Smart Cities in Turkey, Anatolian Journal of Computer Sciences, Vol:3 No:2 pp: 35-43
  • Akdamar, E. (2017). Akıllı Kent İdealine Ulaşmada Büyük Verinin Rolü. Kent Akademisi, 10(30), 200-215.
  • Alawadhi, S., Aldama-Nalda, A., Chourabi, H., Gil-Garcia, J. R., Leung, S., Mellouli, S., ... & Walker, S. (2012, September). Building understanding of smart city initiatives. In International conference on electronic government (pp. 40-53). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
  • Angelidou, M. (2015). Smart cities: A conjuncture of four forces. Cities, 47, 95-106.
  • Atzori L., Iera A., Morabito G. The internet of things: A survey Computer Networks, 54 (15) (2010), pp. 2787-2805.
  • Barzilai-Nahon, K. (2006). Gaps and bits: Conceptualizing measurements for digital divide/s. The Information Society, 22(5), 269-278.
  • Batty, M., Axhausen, K. W., Giannotti, F., Pozdnoukhov, A., Bazzani, A., Wachowicz, M. et al. (2012). Smart cities of the future. The European Physıcal Journal Special Topıcs, 214, 481-518.
  • Batty, M. (2013). Smart cities lectures online. Arizona State University, School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning. Retrieved February 10, 2013 from http://www.spatialcomplexity.info/archives/1027.
  • Caragliu, A., Del Bo, C., & Nijkamp, P. (2011). Smart cities in Europe. Journal of Urban Technology, 18(2), 65-82.
  • Chourabi, H., Nam, T., Walker, S., Gil-Garcia, J. R., Mellouli, S., Nahon, K., ... & Scholl, H. J. (2012, January). Understanding smart cities: An integrative framework. In 2012 45th Hawaii international conference on system sciences (pp. 2289-2297). IEEE.
  • Clarke, R. Y. (2013). Smart cities and the internet of everything: The foundation for delivering next-generation citizen services, Smart Cities: Strategic Sustainable Development for an Urban World Alexandria, School of Engineering Blekinge Institute of Technology Karlskrona, Sweden, Master's Degree Thesis, VA, Tech. Rep.
  • Cocchia, A. (2014). Smart and digital city: A systematic literature review. In Smart city (pp. 13-43). Springer, Cham.
  • Colldahl, C., Frey, S., & Kelemen, J. E. (2013). Smart cities: Strategic sustainable development for an urban world.
  • Cohen, B. (December 19, 2012). 6 key components for smart cities 2012. UBM Future Cities City News. Retrieved February 15, 2013 from http://www.ubmfuturecities.com/author.asp?section_id=219&doc_id=524053&image_number=1
  • Cohen, B. (2013) The top 10 smart cities on the planet. Co. exist: World changing ideas and innovation. Retrieved February 6, http://www.fastcoexist.com/1679127/the-top-10-smart-cities-on-the-planet.
  • Cohen B. (2014) Smart City Index Master Indicators Survey. https://smartcitiescouncil.com/ resources/smart-city-index-master-indicators-survey.
  • Collin, M. N., (2018) “The Impact Of Smart Technologıes In The Munıcıpal Budget: Increased Revenue And Reduced Expenses For Better Servıces”, http://www.ccacoalition.org/en/resources/ impact-smart-technologies-municipal-budget-increased-revenue-and-reduced-expenses-better, 12. 03. 2018.
  • Çelikyay, H. H. (2013). Teknoloji Girdabından Akıllı Şehre Dönüşüm: İstanbul Örneği. Bursa: 2nd Turkey Graduate Studies Congress, Mayıs 2013.
  • Çelikyay, H. H. (2017). The Studies Through Smart Cities Model: The Case of Istanbul. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), 6(1), 149-163.
  • Deloitte, Vodafone, (2016). Akıllı Kent Yol Harıtası. http://www.tbv.org.tr/akilli-sehir-yol-haritasi,DP-1117.html
  • Dirks, S., & Keeling, M. (2009). A Vision of Smarter Cities: How Cities Can Lead the Way into a Prosperous and Sustainable Future. Somers, NY: IBM Global Business Services. Available from ftp://public.dhe.ibm.com/common/ssi/ecm/en/gbe03227usen/GBE03227USEN.PDF.
  • Ercoşkun, Ö. Y. (2016). Ultimate ICT Network in Turkey For Smart Cities. Journal of Planning, 26(2), 130-146.
  • Giffinger, R., Fertner, C., Kramar, H., Kalasek, R., Pichler‐Milanovic, N., & Meijers, E. (2007). Smart cities-ranking of European medium‐sized cities. Vienna University of Technology Research Report. from http://www.citieslocalgovernments.org/committees/cdc/Upload/formations/smartcitiesstudy_en.pdf, (03.03.2018)
  • Giffinger, R., (2007). Smart Cities - Ranking of European medium-sized cities. Centre of Regional Science, Vienna UT. 28p. Doi: 10.1080/17535069.2010.524420
  • Hall, R. E., Bowerman, B., Braverman, J., Taylor, J., Todosow, H., & Von Wimmersperg, U. (2000). The vision of a smart city (No. BNL-67902; 04042). Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY (US).
  • Harrison, C., Eckman, B., Hamilton, R., Hartswick, P., Kalagnanam, J., Paraszczak, J., & Williams, P. (2010). Foundations for smarter cities. IBM Journal of research and development, 54(4), 1-16.
  • Hollands, R. G. (2008). Will the real smart city please stand up? Intelligent, progressive or entrepreneurial? City, 12(3), 303-320.
  • Inayatullah, S. (2011). City futures in transformation: Emerging issues and case studies. Futures, 43(7), 654-661.
  • International Organization for Standardization, https://www.iso.org/member/2064.html (13.03.2018).
  • Kabakçı, O.K. (2016), Enerji Verimliliğinde Akıllı Kentlerin Rolü, Beklentiler ve Trendler, Uluslararası Sürdürülebilir Yapılı Çevre Konferansı, Bildiri Kitabı, SBE16 İstanbul, ss. 208-212.
  • Lombardi, Patrizia- Giordano, Silvia- Farouh, Hend-Yousef, Wael (2012). Modeling The Smart City Performance. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 25(2), 137–149. doi:10.1080/13511610.2012.660325.
  • Mangır, F. (2016). Yerel Yönetimler İçin" Akıllı Kent" Stratejileri: Konya Türkiye Örneği. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksek Okulu Dergisi, 19, 17-36.
  • Nam, T., & Pardo, T. A. (2011, September). Smart city as urban innovation: Focusing on management, policy, and context. In Proceedings of the 5th international conference on theory and practice of electronic governance (pp. 185-194). ACM.
  • Neirotti, P., De Marco, A., Cagliano, A. C., Mangano, G., & Scorrano, F. (2014). Current trends in Smart City initiatives: Some stylised facts. Cities, 38, 25-36.
  • Prasetyo, Y. A., & Arman, A. A. (2017). Group management system design for supporting society 5.0 in smart society platform. In 2017 International Conference on Information Technology Systems and Innovation (ICITSI) (pp. 398-404). IEEE.
  • Reinsel, D., Gantz, J., & Rydning, J. (2017). Data age 2025: The evolution of data to life-critical. Don’t Focus on Big Data.
  • Scholl, H. J., Barzilai-Nahon, K., Ahn, J-H., Olga, P., & Barbara, R. (2009). E-commerce and e-government: How do they compare? What can they learn from each other?. Proceedings of the 42nd Hawaiian International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2009), Koloa, Hawaii, January 4-7.
  • Shiroishi, Y., Uchiyama, K., & Suzuki, N. (2018). Society 5.0: For Human Security and Well-Being. Computer, 51(7), 91-95.
  • Sınmaz, S. (2013). Yeni gelişen planlama yaklaşımları çerçevesinde akıllı yerleşme kavramı ve temel ilkeleri. MEGARON, 8(2), 76-86.
  • Singh, B. (2015). Smart City-Smart Life: Dubai Expo 2020. Middle East Journal of Business, 55(2473), 1-4.
  • Su, K., Li, J., & Fu, H. (2011, September). Smart city and the applications. In 2011 İnternational Conference on Electronics, Communications and Control (ICECC) (pp. 1028-1031). IEEE.
  • Uçar, A., Şemşit, S., & Negiz, N. (2017). Avrupa Birliği Akıllı Kent Uygulamaları ve Türkiye’deki Yansımaları, Suleyman Demirel University Journal of Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences, 22.
  • United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG), https://www.uclg.org/en, (13.03.2018).
  • Vasseur, J. P. -Dunkels, A., (2010). Smart Cities and Urban Networks, In Interconnecting Smart Objects with IP—The Next Internet (pp. 335–351). Morgan Kaufmann. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12375165-200022-3.
  • Vanolo, A. (2014). Smartmentality: The smart city as a disciplinary strategy. Urban Studies, 51(5), 883-898.
  • Washburn, D., & Sindhu, U. (2010). Helping CIOs Understand “Smart City” Initiatives, Forrester Research Inc.
  • Zygiaris, Sotiris (2012). Smart City Reference Model: Assisting Planners To Conceptualize The Building Of Smart City Innovation Ecosystems, Journal of the Knowledge Economy. doi:10.1007/ s13132-0120089-4.
  • http://www.akillisehirler.org, 10.05.2018
  • http://www.smart-cities.eu, 03.05.2018
  • https://rg.smartcitiescouncil.com, 13.06.2018
  • The Government of Japan, www.japan.go.jp, 08.03.2018.
Toplam 52 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Gizem Erdoğan 0000-0002-1376-6457

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Mayıs 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Erdoğan, G. (2019). AKILLI KENT GÖSTERGELERİ VE STRATEJİLERİ. Yönetim Bilişim Sistemleri Dergisi, 4(2), 1-23.