Glycerol: A Major By-product in the Biodiesel Manufacturing Process

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 1-2, 75 - 79, 25.11.2014

Eda Ondul Nadir Dızge

Öz

The cost of biodiesel production can be reduced by a number of strategies such as utilization of waste cooking oils and non-edible plant oils as well as implementation of improved separation technologies. The predominant biodiesel production process involves a phase of transesterification that yields glycerol as a byproduct. The use of this glycerol is limited since it is considered an unrefined raw material that must be refined for its various types of use. In addition, processes dealing with the glycerol by-product can have economic benefits. Transesterification of oils in biodiesel manufacturing process produces glycerol as a main by-product. Increasing amount of crude glycerol has led to waste disposable issues. Recently, researchers have been studying the possibilities to convert the waste glycerol to useful products, wherein, microbial conversion of residual glycerol has been considered as an economically viable process. Microbe-assisted conversion of waste glycerol to valuable compounds such as methane, 1,3-propanediol, ethanol, succinic acid and H2 have been reported. Microbial recycling of glycerol, byproduct of biodiesel production to biodiesel in engineered Escherichia coli strains was reported. The present review reveals that there are promising possibilities for the use of unrefined glycerol, which may help consolidate the sustainability of the biofuel market.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biodiesel, Crude glycerol, By-product, Utilization

Gliserol: Biyodizel Üretim Sürecinde Önemli Bir Yan Ürün

Öz

Biyodizel üretim maliyeti, geliştirilen ayırma tekniklerinin yanı sıra atık kızartma yağları ve yenilemeyen bitkisel yağların kullanımı gibi çok sayıda strateji ile azaltılabilir. Biyodizel üretim prosesi, başlıca gliserolün yan ürün olarak elde edildiği bir transesterifikasyon basamağından ileri gelmektedir. Ekonomik getirileri olan gliserol yan ürün prosesine ilave olarak bu gliserolün kullanımı rafine edilmemiş ham materyal olduğundan dolayı sınırlıdır. Ham gliserol miktarının her geçen gün artmasıyla atık bertaraf konuları da gündeme gelmektedir. Son zamanlarda araştırmacılar atık gliserolü faydalı bir takım ürünlere dönüştürme olasılıkları üzerine yoğunlaşmışlardır. Atık gliserolün mikrobiyal yolla metan, 1,3-propandiol, etanol, süksinik asit ve H2 gazı gibi değerli ürünlere dönüşümünün mümkün olduğu kayıt edilmiştir. Bu derlemede ham gliserolün kullanım olanakları ve biyodizel piyasasında önemli bir yan ürün olan gliserolün değerlendirme yolları üzerinde durulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biyodizel, Ham gliserol, Yan ürün, Değerlendirme

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