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Solar-powered off-grid charging station design for electric vehicles

Year 2022, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 28 - 37, 01.05.2022

Alper Kerem , Nurettin Doğan , Ahmet Serdar Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.18245/ijaet.1077132

Abstract

In today's world, the increase in Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions into the atmosphere, as well as the natural result of the global warming issue, have detrimental consequences. It is known that gas emissions such as CO2 should be reduced in order to reduce these effects. Internal combustion engines (ICE) that use fossil fuels play a major part in the release of these harmful emissions into the environment in today's transportation industry. For this reason, in order to achieve a cleaner environment, it is aimed to increase the number of Electric Vehicles (EVs) by completely removing fossil fuel vehicles from the market. Thus, it is expected that harmful gas emissions such as CO2 will reduce considerably and the impact of such hazardous GHG in the transportation industry will be minimal. However, it is known that as the number of EVs grows, the energy demand for the electricity grid will increase and some grid problems will occur. Morever, it is well recognized that as the number of EVs grows, so will the energy demand for the electricity grid, causing potential grid difficulties. This study proposes a clean, environmentally friendly, renewable EV charging station approach to overcome potential grid issues. This system comprises a renewable energy source Photovoltaic (PV) based, off-grid, EV charging model with its own storage system, in rural areas where there is no/insufficient electricity grid or where grid load needs to be minimized. This model is simulated in MATLAB, and the findings are presented graphically.

Keywords

Electric vehicles Photovoltaic charging station dc-dc converter renewable energy off-grid

References

  • Kerem, A, Dogan, N, Yilmaz, A. Scenario-based modeling of the effects of electric vehicle charging station on the grid. In: 2021 5th International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Technologies (ISMSIT); 21-23 October 2021: IEEE, pp. 31-36, 2021
  • Busatto T, Rönnberg S.K, Bollen M.H.J. Comparison of Models of Single-Phase Diode Bridge Rectifiers for Their Use in Harmonic Studies with Many Devices. Energies, 15(1):66, 2022.
  • Kerem, A, Gürbak, H. Elektrikli Araçlar İçin Hızlı Şarj İstasyonu Teknolojileri. Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji, 8(3), 644-661, 2020.
  • Mane, J.A, Rade, M.R, Thakre, M.P. Significant Affect of EV Charging on Grid with Renewable Technologies. Proceedings of the International Conference on Smart Data Intelligence (ICSMDI), 1: 1-9, 2021.
  • Kerem, A. Elektrikli araç teknolojisinin gelişimi ve gelecek beklentileri. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5(1), 1-13, 2014.
  • Kerem, A. Design, implementation and speed estimation of three-phase 2 kW out-runner permanent magnet BLDC motor for ultralight electric vehicles. Electrical Engineering, 103(5), 2547-2559, 2021.
  • Kerem, A. Torque estimation of electric vehicle motor using adaptive-network based fuzzy inference systems. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 10(1),33-41, 2021
  • Revathi, B, Ramesh, A, Sivanandhan, S, Isha, T.B, Prakash, V, Saisuriyaa, G. Solar charger for electric vehicles. In 2018 International Conference on Emerging Trends and Innovations In Engineering And Technological Research (ICETIETR 2018), 1-4, 2018.
  • Altuntop, N, Erdemir, D. Dünyada ve Türkiye'de Güneş Enerjisi İle İlgili Gelişmeler. Engineer & the Machinery Magazine, 54(639), 69-77, 2013.
  • Bhatti, A.R, Salam, Z. Charging of electric vehicle with constant price using photovoltaic based grid-connected system. In: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon), 28-29 November 2016. IEEE, Melaka, Malaysia: pp. 268-273, 2016.
  • Tran, V.T, Islam, M.R, Muttaqi, K.M, Sutanto, D. An efficient energy management approach for a solar-powered EV battery charging facility to support distribution grids. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 55(6), 6517-6526, 2019.
  • Mouli, G.R.C, Schijffelen, J, van den Heuvel, M, Kardolus, M, & Bauer, P. A 10 kW solar-powered bidirectional EV charger compatible with chademo and COMBO. IEEE transactions on Power electronics, 34(2), 1082-1098, 2018.
  • Fathabadi, H. Novel solar powered electric vehicle charging station with the capability of vehicle-to-grid. Solar Energy 2016, 142, 136-143. DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2016.11.037
  • Ye, B, Jiang, J, Miao, L, Yang, P, Li, J, & Shen, B. Feasibility study of a solar-powered electric vehicle charging station model. Energies, 8(11), 13265-13283, 2015.
  • Fathabadi, H. Novel stand-alone, completely autonomous and renewable energy based charging station for charging plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). Applied Energy, 260, 114194, 2020.
  • Sayın, S, İlhan, K. Güneş Enerjisinden Aktif Olarak Yararlanmada Kullanılan Fotovoltaik (Pv) Sistemler Ve Yapılarda Kullanım Biçimleri. Selçuk Üniversitesi Mühendislik, Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 26(3), 89-106, 2011.
  • Afrouzi, H.N, Hassan, A, Chee, D.T.Y, Mehranzamir, K, Malek, Z.A, Mashak, S.V, Ahmed. In-depth exploration of partial discharge modelling methods within insulations. Cleaner Engineering and Technology, 6, 1-13, 2013.
  • Ferhat, Ç. Şebeke Destekli Fotovoltaik Elektrikli Araç Şarj İstasyonlarının Değerlendirilmesi, Akıllı Şebekeler Sempozyumu, April, 2013.
  • Boztepe, M., "Yeni Enerji Kaynakları", Ege Üniversitesi Ders Notları, 2009.
  • Kurak, E, Erdemir, V, Dursun, B. PV sistemin için maksimum güç noktası izleyicisi tasarımı ve uygulaması. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 4, 581-592, 2016.
  • Gomathy, S, Saravanan, S, Thangavel, S. Design and implementation of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm for a standalone PV system. International journal of scientific & engineering research, 3(3), 1-7, 2012.
  • Das, B, Jamatia, A., Chakraborti, A, Kasari, P. R, Bhowmik, M. New perturb and observe MPPT algorithm and its validation using data from PV module. International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology, 4(1), 579, 2012.
  • El-Ahmar, M. H, El-Sayed, A. H. M, Hemeida, A. M. Mathematical modeling of Photovoltaic module and evalute the effect of varoius paramenters on its performance. In 2016 Eighteenth International Middle East Power Systems Conference (MEPCON) ; 27-29 December 2016 , IEEE, Cairo, Egypt, pp. 741-746, 2016.
  • Kerem, A, Atik, M, Bayram, A. Fotovoltaik (PV) Panel Sisteminde Yüzey Soğutma İşleminin Elektrik Üretimine Etkisinin Deneysel İncelenmesi, Uluslararası Muhendislik Arastirma ve Gelistirme Dergisi, Vol. 12 No. 2, pp. 565-578, 2020.
  • Kerem, A, Yazgan, A. Design and prototyping of GSM-bluetooth based solar energy remote monitoring system. In: COMPEL-The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, pp. 1-12, 2021.
  • Atıcı, K, Altın, N, Sefa, İ. Fotovoltaik Sistemler için Bozkurt Optimizasyonu Tabanlı MPPT Yöntemi Tasarımı. In: 2019 3rd International Symposium on Innovative Approaches in Scientific Studies; 19-21 April 2019, ISAS, Ankara, Turkey, pp. 158-163, 2019.
  • Özdemir, Ş. Fotovoltaik sistemler için mikrodenetleyicili en yüksek güç noktasını izleyen bir konvertörün gerçekleştirilmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye, 2007.
  • Hart, D.W. DC-DC converters. In Power Electronics, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Vol. 6, No. 2, p. 197, 2011.
  • Kumar, S, Kumar, R, Singh, N. Performance of closed loop SEPIC converter with DC-DC converter for solar energy system. In: 2017 4th International Conference on Power, Control & Embedded Systems (ICPCES); 9-11 March 2017, IEEE, Allahabad, India, pp. 1-6, 2017.
  • Atri, P.K, Modi, P.S, Gujar, N.S. Comparison of different MPPT control strategies for solar charge controller. In: 2020 International Conference on Power Electronics & IoT Applications in Renewable Energy and its Control (PARC); 28-29 February: IEEE, Mathura, India, pp. 65-69, 2020.
  • Abouobaida, H. Practical performance evaluation of maximum power point tracking algorithms in a photovoltaic system. International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 8(4), 1744, 2017.
  • Rana, M.M, Ali, M.R, Ajad, A.K, Moznuzzaman, M. Analysis of P&O and INC MPPT techniques for PV array using MATLAB. IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 11(04), 80-86, 2016.

Year 2022, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 28 - 37, 01.05.2022

Alper Kerem , Nurettin Doğan , Ahmet Serdar Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.18245/ijaet.1077132

Abstract

References

  • Kerem, A, Dogan, N, Yilmaz, A. Scenario-based modeling of the effects of electric vehicle charging station on the grid. In: 2021 5th International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Technologies (ISMSIT); 21-23 October 2021: IEEE, pp. 31-36, 2021
  • Busatto T, Rönnberg S.K, Bollen M.H.J. Comparison of Models of Single-Phase Diode Bridge Rectifiers for Their Use in Harmonic Studies with Many Devices. Energies, 15(1):66, 2022.
  • Kerem, A, Gürbak, H. Elektrikli Araçlar İçin Hızlı Şarj İstasyonu Teknolojileri. Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji, 8(3), 644-661, 2020.
  • Mane, J.A, Rade, M.R, Thakre, M.P. Significant Affect of EV Charging on Grid with Renewable Technologies. Proceedings of the International Conference on Smart Data Intelligence (ICSMDI), 1: 1-9, 2021.
  • Kerem, A. Elektrikli araç teknolojisinin gelişimi ve gelecek beklentileri. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5(1), 1-13, 2014.
  • Kerem, A. Design, implementation and speed estimation of three-phase 2 kW out-runner permanent magnet BLDC motor for ultralight electric vehicles. Electrical Engineering, 103(5), 2547-2559, 2021.
  • Kerem, A. Torque estimation of electric vehicle motor using adaptive-network based fuzzy inference systems. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 10(1),33-41, 2021
  • Revathi, B, Ramesh, A, Sivanandhan, S, Isha, T.B, Prakash, V, Saisuriyaa, G. Solar charger for electric vehicles. In 2018 International Conference on Emerging Trends and Innovations In Engineering And Technological Research (ICETIETR 2018), 1-4, 2018.
  • Altuntop, N, Erdemir, D. Dünyada ve Türkiye'de Güneş Enerjisi İle İlgili Gelişmeler. Engineer & the Machinery Magazine, 54(639), 69-77, 2013.
  • Bhatti, A.R, Salam, Z. Charging of electric vehicle with constant price using photovoltaic based grid-connected system. In: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon), 28-29 November 2016. IEEE, Melaka, Malaysia: pp. 268-273, 2016.
  • Tran, V.T, Islam, M.R, Muttaqi, K.M, Sutanto, D. An efficient energy management approach for a solar-powered EV battery charging facility to support distribution grids. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 55(6), 6517-6526, 2019.
  • Mouli, G.R.C, Schijffelen, J, van den Heuvel, M, Kardolus, M, & Bauer, P. A 10 kW solar-powered bidirectional EV charger compatible with chademo and COMBO. IEEE transactions on Power electronics, 34(2), 1082-1098, 2018.
  • Fathabadi, H. Novel solar powered electric vehicle charging station with the capability of vehicle-to-grid. Solar Energy 2016, 142, 136-143. DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2016.11.037
  • Ye, B, Jiang, J, Miao, L, Yang, P, Li, J, & Shen, B. Feasibility study of a solar-powered electric vehicle charging station model. Energies, 8(11), 13265-13283, 2015.
  • Fathabadi, H. Novel stand-alone, completely autonomous and renewable energy based charging station for charging plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). Applied Energy, 260, 114194, 2020.
  • Sayın, S, İlhan, K. Güneş Enerjisinden Aktif Olarak Yararlanmada Kullanılan Fotovoltaik (Pv) Sistemler Ve Yapılarda Kullanım Biçimleri. Selçuk Üniversitesi Mühendislik, Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 26(3), 89-106, 2011.
  • Afrouzi, H.N, Hassan, A, Chee, D.T.Y, Mehranzamir, K, Malek, Z.A, Mashak, S.V, Ahmed. In-depth exploration of partial discharge modelling methods within insulations. Cleaner Engineering and Technology, 6, 1-13, 2013.
  • Ferhat, Ç. Şebeke Destekli Fotovoltaik Elektrikli Araç Şarj İstasyonlarının Değerlendirilmesi, Akıllı Şebekeler Sempozyumu, April, 2013.
  • Boztepe, M., "Yeni Enerji Kaynakları", Ege Üniversitesi Ders Notları, 2009.
  • Kurak, E, Erdemir, V, Dursun, B. PV sistemin için maksimum güç noktası izleyicisi tasarımı ve uygulaması. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 4, 581-592, 2016.
  • Gomathy, S, Saravanan, S, Thangavel, S. Design and implementation of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm for a standalone PV system. International journal of scientific & engineering research, 3(3), 1-7, 2012.
  • Das, B, Jamatia, A., Chakraborti, A, Kasari, P. R, Bhowmik, M. New perturb and observe MPPT algorithm and its validation using data from PV module. International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology, 4(1), 579, 2012.
  • El-Ahmar, M. H, El-Sayed, A. H. M, Hemeida, A. M. Mathematical modeling of Photovoltaic module and evalute the effect of varoius paramenters on its performance. In 2016 Eighteenth International Middle East Power Systems Conference (MEPCON) ; 27-29 December 2016 , IEEE, Cairo, Egypt, pp. 741-746, 2016.
  • Kerem, A, Atik, M, Bayram, A. Fotovoltaik (PV) Panel Sisteminde Yüzey Soğutma İşleminin Elektrik Üretimine Etkisinin Deneysel İncelenmesi, Uluslararası Muhendislik Arastirma ve Gelistirme Dergisi, Vol. 12 No. 2, pp. 565-578, 2020.
  • Kerem, A, Yazgan, A. Design and prototyping of GSM-bluetooth based solar energy remote monitoring system. In: COMPEL-The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, pp. 1-12, 2021.
  • Atıcı, K, Altın, N, Sefa, İ. Fotovoltaik Sistemler için Bozkurt Optimizasyonu Tabanlı MPPT Yöntemi Tasarımı. In: 2019 3rd International Symposium on Innovative Approaches in Scientific Studies; 19-21 April 2019, ISAS, Ankara, Turkey, pp. 158-163, 2019.
  • Özdemir, Ş. Fotovoltaik sistemler için mikrodenetleyicili en yüksek güç noktasını izleyen bir konvertörün gerçekleştirilmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye, 2007.
  • Hart, D.W. DC-DC converters. In Power Electronics, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Vol. 6, No. 2, p. 197, 2011.
  • Kumar, S, Kumar, R, Singh, N. Performance of closed loop SEPIC converter with DC-DC converter for solar energy system. In: 2017 4th International Conference on Power, Control & Embedded Systems (ICPCES); 9-11 March 2017, IEEE, Allahabad, India, pp. 1-6, 2017.
  • Atri, P.K, Modi, P.S, Gujar, N.S. Comparison of different MPPT control strategies for solar charge controller. In: 2020 International Conference on Power Electronics & IoT Applications in Renewable Energy and its Control (PARC); 28-29 February: IEEE, Mathura, India, pp. 65-69, 2020.
  • Abouobaida, H. Practical performance evaluation of maximum power point tracking algorithms in a photovoltaic system. International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 8(4), 1744, 2017.
  • Rana, M.M, Ali, M.R, Ajad, A.K, Moznuzzaman, M. Analysis of P&O and INC MPPT techniques for PV array using MATLAB. IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 11(04), 80-86, 2016.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Article
Authors

Alper Kerem 0000-0002-9131-2274

Nurettin Doğan 0000-0001-7035-6377

Ahmet Serdar Yılmaz 0000-0002-5735-3857

Publication Date May 1, 2022
Submission Date February 22, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 11 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kerem, A., Doğan, N., & Yılmaz, A. S. (2022). Solar-powered off-grid charging station design for electric vehicles. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 11(1), 28-37. https://doi.org/10.18245/ijaet.1077132
AMA Kerem A, Doğan N, Yılmaz AS. Solar-powered off-grid charging station design for electric vehicles. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies. May 2022;11(1):28-37. doi:10.18245/ijaet.1077132
Chicago Kerem, Alper, Nurettin Doğan, and Ahmet Serdar Yılmaz. “Solar-Powered off-Grid Charging Station Design for Electric Vehicles”. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies 11, no. 1 (May 2022): 28-37. https://doi.org/10.18245/ijaet.1077132.
EndNote Kerem A, Doğan N, Yılmaz AS (May 1, 2022) Solar-powered off-grid charging station design for electric vehicles. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies 11 1 28–37.
IEEE A. Kerem, N. Doğan, and A. S. Yılmaz, “Solar-powered off-grid charging station design for electric vehicles”, International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 28–37, 2022, doi: 10.18245/ijaet.1077132.
ISNAD Kerem, Alper et al. “Solar-Powered off-Grid Charging Station Design for Electric Vehicles”. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies 11/1 (May 2022), 28-37. https://doi.org/10.18245/ijaet.1077132.
JAMA Kerem A, Doğan N, Yılmaz AS. Solar-powered off-grid charging station design for electric vehicles. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies. 2022;11:28–37.
MLA Kerem, Alper et al. “Solar-Powered off-Grid Charging Station Design for Electric Vehicles”. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, vol. 11, no. 1, 2022, pp. 28-37, doi:10.18245/ijaet.1077132.
Vancouver Kerem A, Doğan N, Yılmaz AS. Solar-powered off-grid charging station design for electric vehicles. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies. 2022;11(1):28-37.
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