Research Article
Year 2018,
Volume: 55 Issue: 3, 357 - 366, 28.09.2018
Abstract
This
study was designed to investigate the effect of land related conflicts on crop
production in Delta State, Nigeria. Communities that have and are still
experiencing land related conflicts were purposively selected for this study.
The community and opinion leaders in such communities were also purposively
selected for the study. This resulted to the selection of 255 respondents. Data
were collected with the use of questionnaire and structured interview schedule.
All the conflicts were at inter-community level and were caused by boundary
disputes. The conflicts took serious dimensions. Arable crop production was
adversely affected, but picked up after resolution of the conflicts in most
communities. Agricultural activities were negatively affected by the conflict
incidences. The conflict cases were managed with adoption of negotiation,
security agents, and governmental agencies’ intervention and judicial
injunction. However they were resolved through legal procedure, intervention of
Ministry and Land Survey, and Land and Boundary Commission’s intervention. There
were significant differences between level of crop production before and after
conflicts; significant relationships between magnitude of land conflicts and some
socioeconomic characteristics of respondents. Seriousness of land conflicts had
inverse significant relationship with agricultural activities. It was
recommended that government agencies should properly define boundaries between
communities, Land and Boundary Commission should promptly wade into land
related disputes before they escalate; and communities are required to contact
the relevant government agencies to report any matter of disagreement relating
to land boundaries with other communities; and extension agency needs to
integrate anti-conflict education in their interaction with farmers.
References
- Baatar, B. (2007): Land conflicts related to land privatisation in Mongolia.Case Study of urban and Peri-urban areas. Unpublished Master’s Thesis at the Centre of Land Management and Land Tenure, Technische Universität München
- Bolarinwa, K. K. (2007). Assessment of farmers’ livelihood in violent conflict and non violent areas of Osun and Taraba States Nigeria. University of Ibadan. Ph.D Thesis of Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development
- Chizea, B. and Lyare,T.(2006).Nigeria’s raging ethnic conflicts: The role of small arms and private military companies(PMCS).A journal of constitutional Development,6,71-97 Conference Centre (AICC). 7 -14 October, 2002. Arusha, Tanzania. pp.14 – 43.
- Deininger, K. and Castagnini, R. (2006). Incidence and impact of land conflict in Uganda. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 60(3), 321-345.
- Deininger. K. and Byerlee, D. (2011). Agriculture and rural development. Rising global Interest in farmland. Can it Yield Sustainable and Equitable Benefits? Washington D.C: World Bank
- Egharevba, E.M . and Chiazor, A.I. (2012). Political corruption and national development in Nigeria, Paper Presented at the International Conference on Democracy, Governance and Curbing Corruption in Sub-Saharan Africa, Cheyney University of Pennsylvania, USA 8-10 August 2012.
- Ekong, E.E(2003).Introduction to rural sociology. Uyo: Dove Educational publishers.
- Emeka, E. O. (2005). Climate change, population drift and violent conflict over land resources in north eastern Nigeria. In: Proceedings of the Human security and climate change workshop. (Edited by Holman, F. et al), 21-23 June 2005, Oslo, Norway. 27 - 59pp.
- Evance, A. (2010). Resource Scarcity, climate change and the risk of violent conflict. New York: Center on International Cooperation, New York University and Technische Universität München 2007.
- Farmlandgrab.Org. (2010).World agriculture industry: A study in falling supply and rising demand. Retrieved from: https://www.farmlandgrab.org/post/view/14012
- Fred-Mensah, B. K. (1999). Capturing ambiguities: Communal conflict management alternative in Ghana. World Development, 27(6), 951-965.
- Gefu, J.O. and Kolawole, A. (2002). Conflicts in common property resources use experience from an irrigation project. Paper prepared for the 9th conference of the International Association for the study of Common Property. Indiana U.S.A Irobi, E.U.(2005).Ethnic conflict management in Africa: A comparative case study of Nigeria and South Africa. http://www.beyond intractability. org/ case study/irobi-ethnic.
- Jawondo, I. A. (2011). Political violence and attainment of democratic culture in Nigeria International Journal of History, 3(3), 147-159
- Magel, H (2001). Sustainable land development and land management in Urban and Rural areas: About surveyors contribution to building of better world. International Conference on spatial Information for Sustainable Development. FIG Conference, Nairobi, Kenya
- Mbwilo, A.J.T. (2004). The role of local institutions in regulatory resource use and conflict management: the case of Usangu plains Mbalali district Tanzania. Dissertation for Award of MSc Degree at Sokoine University of Agriculture,
- Mustapha,A.(2010).Nigeria: Land disputes-share community raises fresh alarm. Retrived from:http:allaafrica-com/stones/201003240522.html
- National Bureau of Statistics (2012). 2010 Poverty and Income Distribution Report University of Pennsylvania, USA 8-10 August 2012
- Nwanegbo (2005). Internal Conflicts and African Development: The Nigerian Experience. Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 5(4), PP 23-33.
- Nwolise, O.B.C. (1997). “ECOMOG Peace-keeping operation in Liberia: Effect on political stability in the West African Sub-Region” African Review, Journal of National Defence College, April 1(1): 36-60
- Obamiro, E., Doppler, W. and Kormawa. P. (2003). Pillars of food security in rural areas of Nigeria. Food Africa Internat Forum, 31st March – 11th April. Retrived on 15 March, 2011 from www.foodafrica.nri.org/security/internetpapers
- Ofuoku, A.U. and Isife, B.I(2010). Causes, effects and resolution of farmer-nomadic cattle herders conflict in Delta State, Nigeria. Agricultural Tropica et subtropica, 43(1), 33-41
- Ofuoku, A.U., Agbamu, J.U., Emah, G.N and Nnodim , A.U (2005) Youth restivenessgriculture and in Delta State as perceived by community Development Committees and implications for agricultural development. Journal of Agriculture and social Research, 5(2), 2-35.
- Ofuoku, A.U. (2011).Gender representation in agricultural extension workforce and its implications for agricultural advisory services. Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension, 14(2), 34-37. Ofuoku A.U. and E. Urang (2012). Effect of cohesion on loan Repayment in farmers’ cooperative societies in Delta State, Nigeria. Agricultura, Agriculture- Science and Practice Journal, 3-4 (83-84), 131-139.
- Okpiliya, F.I, Ekong, A.E. and Eni, I.(2013)Wetland ecosystem conflict: Implication for agricultural productivity and food security in Mbaibo, Odupani, cross River state, Nigeria Mediterranean Journal of social sciences,4,55-61.
- Onwudiwe, E.(2006).Communal violence and the future of Nigeria. Retrived from :http://www.worlddialogue.org/content.php?id=321
- Otite, O. (2001). On conflicts, their resolution, transformation, and management. In: Otite, O. and Albert, I.O (eds) Community Conflicts in Nigeria: Management, Resolution and Transformation, Ibadan: Spectrum Books Ltd. Pp: 1-33
- Otite, O., Albert, I.O.(2001).Community conflicts in Nigeria: Management, resolution and transformation. Ibadan: Spectrum Books
- Otsuka, K. (2006). Why can't we transform traditional agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa? Review of Agricultural Economics, 25(3), 332-337.
- Rogers, R.W.(1975).A protection motivation theory of fear, appeals, and attitude change. Journal of Psychology,26, 99-144
- Sambe, N., Avanger, Y. and Alakale, T.T.(2013).Communal violence and food security in Africa. Journal of humanities and social sciences,9, 43-47.
- Singer, J. D. and Small, M. (1994). Correlates of War Project: International and Civil War Data, 1816-1992. Retrieved from : http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/ICPSR/studies/9905
- Shio, C.J. (2004). Assessment of land use conflicts and their management in mount Meru area, Arusha Tanzania. Dissertation for Award of MA Degree at Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania, 84pp.
- Takashi, Y. and Klaus D. (2005). Land Conflicts in Kenya: Causes, Impacts, and resolutions.[http://www.worldbank.org/etools/docs/library/0/?8738425/KE?.html] site visited on19/08/2009.
- Tonah, S.(2006):Managing farmer-Herder conflicts in Ghana’s Volta Basin. Ibadan Journal of social sciences, 4(1):33-45
- Tor, B.A., Abdallah, J.M. and Maganga, F.P. (2009). The Kilosa killings: political ecology of a farmer–herder conflict in Tanzania. Journal of Development and Change 40(3), 423 – 445.
- UN-HABITAT (2009). Land and Conflict: A Handbook for Humanitarians. New York: Global Land ToolNetwork
- USAID (2005). Toolkit on land and violent conflict. Available at http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/crosscutting_programs/conflict/publications/toolkits.html. Accessed: 15/11/2011 11:35
- Uyang, F.A, Nwagbera, E.N. and Undelikwo, V.A.(2013).Communal land conflict and food security in Obudu local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeia. Journal of Anthropology, 3(4),193-197.
- Uzokwe U.N. Ofuoku, A.U. (2006). Changes in gender division of agricultural tasks in Delta State, Nigeria and Implications for agricultural extension services. Extension Farming System Journal, 2(1), 91-96.
- Wehrmann, B.(2008).Land conflicts: A practical guide to dealing with land disputes. Eschborn, Germany: Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Techrishe Zusammerarbeit (GTZ)GmbH
- Wiley L. (2009) Tackling land tenure in the emergency to development transition in post- conflict states: from to reform in Pantuliano, S. (Ed.) Uncharted territory: Land, conflict and humanitarian action. London: Practical Action Publishing
- Willer, H.(2011). Organic agriculture worldwide key results from the global survey on organic agriculture. Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Fibl, Switzerland.
- World Bank (2011). Conflict, Security, and Development. World Bank Report. Washington DC: World Bank Yahaya, A.O. (2005). Role of Asset Valuation Models in Conflict Management(vol.2). In Yakubu, A.M, Dogo, B, AND Adegboye, R.T (eds) in Crisis and Conflict Management in Nigeria Since 1980, Kaduna: Nigerian Defence Academy. Pp: 665-673.
- Yamano ,T., Deninger, K. (2005). Land conflicts in Kenya: Causes, impact and resolution. FASID Discussion. Papers No 12. National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies. Japan
Year 2018,
Volume: 55 Issue: 3, 357 - 366, 28.09.2018
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effect of land related conflicts on crop production in Delta State, Nigeria. Communities that have and are still experiencing land related conflicts were purposively selected for this study. The community and opinion leaders in such communities were also purposively selected for the study. This resulted to the selection of 255 respondents. Data were collected with the use of questionnaire and structured interview schedule. All the conflicts were at inter-community level and were caused by boundary disputes. The conflicts took serious dimensions. Arable crop production was adversely affected, but picked up after resolution of the conflicts in most communities. Agricultural activities were negatively affected by the conflict incidences. The conflict cases were managed with adoption of negotiation, security agents, and governmental agencies’ intervention and judicial injunction. However they were resolved through legal procedure, intervention of Ministry and Land Survey, and Land and Boundary Commission’s intervention. There were significant differences between level of crop production before and after conflicts; significant relationships between magnitude of land conflicts and some socioeconomic characteristics of respondents. Seriousness of land conflicts had inverse significant relationship with agricultural activities. It was recommended that government agencies should properly define boundaries between communities, Land and Boundary Commission should promptly wade into land related disputes before they escalate; and communities are required to contact the relevant government agencies to report any matter of disagreement relating to land boundaries with other communities; and extension agency needs to integrate anti-conflict education in their interaction with farmers.
Keywords
References
- Baatar, B. (2007): Land conflicts related to land privatisation in Mongolia.Case Study of urban and Peri-urban areas. Unpublished Master’s Thesis at the Centre of Land Management and Land Tenure, Technische Universität München
- Bolarinwa, K. K. (2007). Assessment of farmers’ livelihood in violent conflict and non violent areas of Osun and Taraba States Nigeria. University of Ibadan. Ph.D Thesis of Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development
- Chizea, B. and Lyare,T.(2006).Nigeria’s raging ethnic conflicts: The role of small arms and private military companies(PMCS).A journal of constitutional Development,6,71-97 Conference Centre (AICC). 7 -14 October, 2002. Arusha, Tanzania. pp.14 – 43.
- Deininger, K. and Castagnini, R. (2006). Incidence and impact of land conflict in Uganda. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 60(3), 321-345.
- Deininger. K. and Byerlee, D. (2011). Agriculture and rural development. Rising global Interest in farmland. Can it Yield Sustainable and Equitable Benefits? Washington D.C: World Bank
- Egharevba, E.M . and Chiazor, A.I. (2012). Political corruption and national development in Nigeria, Paper Presented at the International Conference on Democracy, Governance and Curbing Corruption in Sub-Saharan Africa, Cheyney University of Pennsylvania, USA 8-10 August 2012.
- Ekong, E.E(2003).Introduction to rural sociology. Uyo: Dove Educational publishers.
- Emeka, E. O. (2005). Climate change, population drift and violent conflict over land resources in north eastern Nigeria. In: Proceedings of the Human security and climate change workshop. (Edited by Holman, F. et al), 21-23 June 2005, Oslo, Norway. 27 - 59pp.
- Evance, A. (2010). Resource Scarcity, climate change and the risk of violent conflict. New York: Center on International Cooperation, New York University and Technische Universität München 2007.
- Farmlandgrab.Org. (2010).World agriculture industry: A study in falling supply and rising demand. Retrieved from: https://www.farmlandgrab.org/post/view/14012
- Fred-Mensah, B. K. (1999). Capturing ambiguities: Communal conflict management alternative in Ghana. World Development, 27(6), 951-965.
- Gefu, J.O. and Kolawole, A. (2002). Conflicts in common property resources use experience from an irrigation project. Paper prepared for the 9th conference of the International Association for the study of Common Property. Indiana U.S.A Irobi, E.U.(2005).Ethnic conflict management in Africa: A comparative case study of Nigeria and South Africa. http://www.beyond intractability. org/ case study/irobi-ethnic.
- Jawondo, I. A. (2011). Political violence and attainment of democratic culture in Nigeria International Journal of History, 3(3), 147-159
- Magel, H (2001). Sustainable land development and land management in Urban and Rural areas: About surveyors contribution to building of better world. International Conference on spatial Information for Sustainable Development. FIG Conference, Nairobi, Kenya
- Mbwilo, A.J.T. (2004). The role of local institutions in regulatory resource use and conflict management: the case of Usangu plains Mbalali district Tanzania. Dissertation for Award of MSc Degree at Sokoine University of Agriculture,
- Mustapha,A.(2010).Nigeria: Land disputes-share community raises fresh alarm. Retrived from:http:allaafrica-com/stones/201003240522.html
- National Bureau of Statistics (2012). 2010 Poverty and Income Distribution Report University of Pennsylvania, USA 8-10 August 2012
- Nwanegbo (2005). Internal Conflicts and African Development: The Nigerian Experience. Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 5(4), PP 23-33.
- Nwolise, O.B.C. (1997). “ECOMOG Peace-keeping operation in Liberia: Effect on political stability in the West African Sub-Region” African Review, Journal of National Defence College, April 1(1): 36-60
- Obamiro, E., Doppler, W. and Kormawa. P. (2003). Pillars of food security in rural areas of Nigeria. Food Africa Internat Forum, 31st March – 11th April. Retrived on 15 March, 2011 from www.foodafrica.nri.org/security/internetpapers
- Ofuoku, A.U. and Isife, B.I(2010). Causes, effects and resolution of farmer-nomadic cattle herders conflict in Delta State, Nigeria. Agricultural Tropica et subtropica, 43(1), 33-41
- Ofuoku, A.U., Agbamu, J.U., Emah, G.N and Nnodim , A.U (2005) Youth restivenessgriculture and in Delta State as perceived by community Development Committees and implications for agricultural development. Journal of Agriculture and social Research, 5(2), 2-35.
- Ofuoku, A.U. (2011).Gender representation in agricultural extension workforce and its implications for agricultural advisory services. Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension, 14(2), 34-37. Ofuoku A.U. and E. Urang (2012). Effect of cohesion on loan Repayment in farmers’ cooperative societies in Delta State, Nigeria. Agricultura, Agriculture- Science and Practice Journal, 3-4 (83-84), 131-139.
- Okpiliya, F.I, Ekong, A.E. and Eni, I.(2013)Wetland ecosystem conflict: Implication for agricultural productivity and food security in Mbaibo, Odupani, cross River state, Nigeria Mediterranean Journal of social sciences,4,55-61.
- Onwudiwe, E.(2006).Communal violence and the future of Nigeria. Retrived from :http://www.worlddialogue.org/content.php?id=321
- Otite, O. (2001). On conflicts, their resolution, transformation, and management. In: Otite, O. and Albert, I.O (eds) Community Conflicts in Nigeria: Management, Resolution and Transformation, Ibadan: Spectrum Books Ltd. Pp: 1-33
- Otite, O., Albert, I.O.(2001).Community conflicts in Nigeria: Management, resolution and transformation. Ibadan: Spectrum Books
- Otsuka, K. (2006). Why can't we transform traditional agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa? Review of Agricultural Economics, 25(3), 332-337.
- Rogers, R.W.(1975).A protection motivation theory of fear, appeals, and attitude change. Journal of Psychology,26, 99-144
- Sambe, N., Avanger, Y. and Alakale, T.T.(2013).Communal violence and food security in Africa. Journal of humanities and social sciences,9, 43-47.
- Singer, J. D. and Small, M. (1994). Correlates of War Project: International and Civil War Data, 1816-1992. Retrieved from : http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/ICPSR/studies/9905
- Shio, C.J. (2004). Assessment of land use conflicts and their management in mount Meru area, Arusha Tanzania. Dissertation for Award of MA Degree at Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania, 84pp.
- Takashi, Y. and Klaus D. (2005). Land Conflicts in Kenya: Causes, Impacts, and resolutions.[http://www.worldbank.org/etools/docs/library/0/?8738425/KE?.html] site visited on19/08/2009.
- Tonah, S.(2006):Managing farmer-Herder conflicts in Ghana’s Volta Basin. Ibadan Journal of social sciences, 4(1):33-45
- Tor, B.A., Abdallah, J.M. and Maganga, F.P. (2009). The Kilosa killings: political ecology of a farmer–herder conflict in Tanzania. Journal of Development and Change 40(3), 423 – 445.
- UN-HABITAT (2009). Land and Conflict: A Handbook for Humanitarians. New York: Global Land ToolNetwork
- USAID (2005). Toolkit on land and violent conflict. Available at http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/crosscutting_programs/conflict/publications/toolkits.html. Accessed: 15/11/2011 11:35
- Uyang, F.A, Nwagbera, E.N. and Undelikwo, V.A.(2013).Communal land conflict and food security in Obudu local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeia. Journal of Anthropology, 3(4),193-197.
- Uzokwe U.N. Ofuoku, A.U. (2006). Changes in gender division of agricultural tasks in Delta State, Nigeria and Implications for agricultural extension services. Extension Farming System Journal, 2(1), 91-96.
- Wehrmann, B.(2008).Land conflicts: A practical guide to dealing with land disputes. Eschborn, Germany: Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Techrishe Zusammerarbeit (GTZ)GmbH
- Wiley L. (2009) Tackling land tenure in the emergency to development transition in post- conflict states: from to reform in Pantuliano, S. (Ed.) Uncharted territory: Land, conflict and humanitarian action. London: Practical Action Publishing
- Willer, H.(2011). Organic agriculture worldwide key results from the global survey on organic agriculture. Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Fibl, Switzerland.
- World Bank (2011). Conflict, Security, and Development. World Bank Report. Washington DC: World Bank Yahaya, A.O. (2005). Role of Asset Valuation Models in Conflict Management(vol.2). In Yakubu, A.M, Dogo, B, AND Adegboye, R.T (eds) in Crisis and Conflict Management in Nigeria Since 1980, Kaduna: Nigerian Defence Academy. Pp: 665-673.
- Yamano ,T., Deninger, K. (2005). Land conflicts in Kenya: Causes, impact and resolution. FASID Discussion. Papers No 12. National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies. Japan
There are 44 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Engineering |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | September 28, 2018 |
| Submission Date | January 12, 2017 |
| Acceptance Date | April 4, 2018 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2018 Volume: 55 Issue: 3 |
