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Phytomelatonin content in Valeriana officinalis L. and some related phytotherapeutic supplements

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 176 - 181, 15.12.2022

Marta Losada Antonio Cano Josefa Hernández-ruiz Marino B. Arnao

https://doi.org/10.55484/ijpbp.1079005

Öz

The use of medicinal plants as an alternative phytotherapeutic remedy against mild illnesses and dysfunctions is increasingly embraced by people. Among these dysfunctions, episodes of nervousness and anxiety due to lack of sleep and insomnia are becoming more and more frequent among the population. To remedy these problems, several plants with sedative activity are recommended. In particular, valerian root (Valeriana officinalis L.) is the most recommended and studied with a significant difference. This study presented a quantification of the phytomelatonin contents in valerian root and several related and recommended herb supplements against nervousness, anxiety, and insomnia. The results showed the presence of phytomelatonin in all the samples analyzed. The high phytomelatonin contents in valerian root and its supplements indicated that, in addition to the known constituents of valerian root such as valerenic acid, phytomelatonin also contributed to the phytotherapeutic activity of this plant since the relaxing and sleep-inducing activity of melatonin is well documented. The recommended daily doses of valerian are analyzed according to their phytomelatonin content, and recommendations are given on the possible synergistic action of the components of valerian as a relaxant and sleep inducer in patients with these dysfunctions. It is also recommended to document the phytomelatonin contents in phytotherapeutic preparations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Melatonin Phytomelatonin Phytotherapy Sedative Sleep-in Valerian

Kaynakça

  • Arnao, M.B., 2014. Phytomelatonin: discovery, content, and role in plants. Advances in Botany, e815769.
  • Arnao, M.B., Hernández‐Ruiz, J., 2009. Assessment of different sample processing procedures applied to the determination of melatonin in plants. Phytochemical Analysis, 20(1), 14-18.
  • Arnao, M.B., Hernández-Ruiz, J., 2013. Growth conditions influence the melatonin content of tomato plants. Food Chemistry, 138(2-3), 1212-1214.
  • Arnao, M.B., Hernández-Ruiz, J., 2014. Melatonin: plant growth regulator and/or biostimulator during stress?. Trends in Plant Science, 19(12), 789-797.
  • Arnao, M.B., Hernández-Ruiz, J., 2015. Phytomelatonin: Searching for plants with high levels as a natural source of nutraceuticals. In F. R. S. Atta-Ür-Rahman (Ed.), Studies in Natural Products Chemistry (Bioactive Natural Products) vol. 46 (Vol. 1–11, pp. 519–545). Elsevier Science Publishers.
  • Arnao, M.B., Hernández-Ruiz, J., 2018. The potential of phytomelatonin as a nutraceutical. Molecules, 23(1), 238.
  • Bartolucci, S., Mari, M., Di Gregorio, G., Piersanti, G., 2016. Observations concerning the synthesis of tryptamine homologues and branched tryptamine derivatives via the borrowing hydrogen process: synthesis of psilocin, bufotenin, and serotonin. Tetrahedron, 72(18), 2233-2238.
  • Barton, D.L., Atherton, P.J., Bauer, B.A., Moore Jr, D.F., Mattar, B.I., LaVasseur, B.I., Loprinzi, C.L., 2011. The use of Valeriana officinalis (valerian) in improving sleep in patients who are undergoing treatment for cancer: A phase III randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study: NCCTG Trial, N01C5. The Journal of Supportive Oncology, 9(1), 24-31.
  • Bent, S., Padula, A., Moore, D., Patterson, M., Mehling, W., 2006. Valerian for sleep: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The American Journal of Medicine, 119(12), 1005-1012.
  • Boonstra, E., De Kleijn, R., Colzato, L.S., Alkemade, A., Forstmann, B.U., Nieuwenhuis, S., 2015. Neurotransmitters as food supplements: the effects of GABA on brain and behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1520.
  • Borrás, S., Martínez-Solís, I., Ríos, J.L., 2021. Medicinal Plants for Insomnia Related to Anxiety: An Updated Review. Planta Medica, 87, 738–753.
  • Cheng, G., Ma, T., Deng, Z., Gutiérrez-Gamboa, G., Ge, Q., Xu, P., Sun, X., 2021. Plant-derived melatonin from food: A gift of nature. Food & Function, 12(7), 2829-2849.
  • Coppens, P., Da Silva, M.F., Pettman, S., 2006. European regulations on nutraceuticals, dietary supplements and functional foods: a framework based on safety. Toxicology, 221(1), 59-74.
  • Dahlitz, M., Alvarez, B., Parkes, J.D., English, J., Arendt, J., Vignau, J., 1991. Delayed sleep phase syndrome response to melatonin. The Lancet, 337(8750), 1121-1124.
  • Das, G., Shin, H.S., Tundis, R., Gonçalves, S., Tantengco, O.A.G., Campos, M.G., Patra, J.K., 2021. Plant Species of Sub-Family Valerianaceae—A Review on Its Effect on the Central Nervous System. Plants, 10(5), 846.
  • Dimpfel, W., Suter, A., 2008. Sleep improving effects of a single dose administration of a valerian/hops fluid extract—A double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled sleep-EEG study in a parallel design using electrohypnograms. European Journal of Medical Research, 13(5), 200–204.
  • EMA-HMP, 2018, September 17. Herbal medicinal products . European Medicines Agency. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/human-regulatory/herbal-medicinal-products
  • Ferracioli-Oda, E., Qawasmi, A., Bloch, M.H., 2013. Meta-analysis: melatonin for the treatment of primary sleep disorders. PloS One, 8(5), e63773.
  • Finley, J.W., Finley, J.W., Ellwood, K., Hoadley, J., 2014. Launching a new food product or dietary supplement in the United States: industrial, regulatory, and nutritional considerations. Annual Review of Nutrition, 34, 421-447.
  • Hadley, S.K., Petry, J.J., 2003. Valerian. American Family Physician, 67(8), 1755-1758.
  • He, L., Li, J.L., Zhang, J.J., Su, P., Zheng, S.L., 2003. Microwave assisted synthesis of melatonin. Synthetic Communications, 33(5), 741-747.
  • Hernández-Ruiz, J., Arnao, M.B., 2008. Distribution of melatonin in different zones of lupin and barley plants at different ages in the presence and absence of light. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56(22), 10567-10573.
  • Herxheimer, A., 2005. Jet lag. Clinical Evidence, (13), 2178-2183.
  • HMPC-EMA, 2016. European Union herbal monograph on Valeriana officinalis L., radix. Herbal Medicinal Products Committee, EMA/HMPC/150848/2015, 9.
  • Jan, J.E., Hamilton, D., Seward, N., Fast, D.K., Freeman, R.D., Laudon, M., 2000. Clinical trials of controlled‐release melatonin in children with sleep–wake cycle disorders. Journal of Pineal Research, 29(1), 34-39.
  • Kennedy, D.A., Lupattelli, A., Koren, G., Nordeng, H., 2013. Herbal medicine use in pregnancy: results of a multinational study. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 13(1), 355.
  • Kim, Y.I., Lee, H., Nirmala, F.S., Seo, H.D., Ha, T.Y., Jung, C.H., Ahn, J., 2022. Antioxidant Activity of Valeriana fauriei Protects against Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2022, 3645431.
  • Marde, V.S., Atkare, U.A., Gawali, S.V., Tiwari, P.L., Badole, S.P., Wankhede, N.L., Kale, M.B., 2022. Alzheimer’s disease and sleep disorders: Insights into the possible disease connections and the potential therapeutic targets. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 68, 102961.
  • Matura, J.M., Shea, L.A., Bankes, V.A., 2021. Dietary supplements, cytochrome metabolism, and pharmacogenetic considerations. Irish Journal of Medical Science, 1971, 1-9.
  • Mayeno, A.N., Gleich, G.J., 1994, July. The eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome: lessons from Germany. In Mayo Clinic Proceedings (Vol. 69, No. 7, pp. 702-704). Elsevier.
  • Miyasaka, L.S., Atallah, Á.N., Soares, B., 2006. Valerian for anxiety disorders. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (4), CD004515.
  • Naylor, S., Johnson, K.L., Williamson, B.L., Klarskov, K., Gleich, G.J., 1999. Structural characterization of contaminants in commercial preparations of melatonin by on-line HPLC-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 467, 769–777.
  • Palmieri, G., Contaldi, P., Fogliame, G., 2017. Evaluation of effectiveness and safety of a herbal compound in primary insomnia symptoms and sleep disturbances not related to medical or psychiatric causes. Nature and Science of Sleep, 9, 163-169.
  • Pérez-Llamas, F., Hernández-Ruiz, J., Cuesta, A., Zamora, S., Arnao, M.B., 2020. Development of a phytomelatonin-rich extract from cultured plants with excellent biochemical and functional properties as an alternative to synthetic melatonin. Antioxidants, 9(2), 158.
  • Rowe, S.B., 1999. What is a Nutrient? Defining the Food-Drug Continuum. In Round table forum, moderator’s comments. Georgetown University.
  • Shinjyo, N., Waddell, G., Green, J., 2020. Valerian root in treating sleep problems and associated disorders-A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine, 25, 2515690X20967323.
  • Singh, B., Sharma, R.A., 2020. Secondary Metabolites of Medicinal Plants, 4 Volume Set: Ethnopharmacological Properties, Biological Activity and Production Strategies (1st ed.). Wiley-VCH.
  • Soltani, A., Bahrami, F., Bahari, Z., Shankayi, Z., Graily-Afra, M., Sahraei, H., 2021. The effects of Valerian on sleep spindles in a model of neuropathic pain. Sleep Science, 14(Spec 2), 133-139.
  • Spiess, D., Winker, M., Chauveau, A., Abegg, V.F., Potterat, O., Hamburger, M., Simões-Wüst, A.P., 2021. Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Mental Diseases in Pregnancy: An In Vitro Safety Assessment. Planta Medica.
  • Taavoni, S., Ekbatani, N., Kashaniyan, M., Haghani, H., 2011. Effect of valerian on sleep quality in postmenopausal women: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Menopause, 18(9), 951-955.
  • Tammadon, M.R., Nobahar, M., Hydarinia-Naieni, Z., Ebrahimian, A., Ghorbani, R., Vafaei, A.A., 2021. The effects of valerian on sleep quality, depression, and state anxiety in hemodialysis patients: a randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial. Oman Medical Journal, 36(2), e255.
  • Thomson, D.W., Commeureuc, A.G., Berlin, S., Murphy, J.A., 2003. Efficient route to the pineal hormone melatonin by radical-based indole synthesis. Synthetic Communications, 33(20), 3631-3641.
  • Trauner, G., Khom, S., Baburin, I., Benedek, B., Hering, S., Kopp, B., 2008. Modulation of GABAA receptors by valerian extracts is related to the content of valerenic acid. Planta Medica, 74(1), 19-24.
  • Vanaclocha, B., Cañigueral Folcara, S., 2019. Fitoterapia. Vademécum de prescripción (5th ed.). Elsevier Science Publishers. https://tienda.elsevier.es/fitoterapia-vademecum-de-prescripcion-9788491132998.html
  • Wheatley, D., 2005. Medicinal plants for insomnia: a review of their pharmacology, efficacy and tolerability. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 19(4), 414-421.
  • Williamson, B.L., Tomlinson, A.J., Mishra, P.K., Gleich, G.J., Naylor, S., 1998. Structural characterization of contaminants found in commercial preparations of melatonin: similarities to case-related compounds from L-tryptophan associated with eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 11(3), 234-240.
  • Xie, Z., Chen, F., Li, W.A., Geng, X., Li, C., Meng, X., Yu, F., 2017. A review of sleep disorders and melatonin. Neurological Research, 39(6), 559-565.

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 176 - 181, 15.12.2022

Marta Losada Antonio Cano Josefa Hernández-ruiz Marino B. Arnao

https://doi.org/10.55484/ijpbp.1079005

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Arnao, M.B., 2014. Phytomelatonin: discovery, content, and role in plants. Advances in Botany, e815769.
  • Arnao, M.B., Hernández‐Ruiz, J., 2009. Assessment of different sample processing procedures applied to the determination of melatonin in plants. Phytochemical Analysis, 20(1), 14-18.
  • Arnao, M.B., Hernández-Ruiz, J., 2013. Growth conditions influence the melatonin content of tomato plants. Food Chemistry, 138(2-3), 1212-1214.
  • Arnao, M.B., Hernández-Ruiz, J., 2014. Melatonin: plant growth regulator and/or biostimulator during stress?. Trends in Plant Science, 19(12), 789-797.
  • Arnao, M.B., Hernández-Ruiz, J., 2015. Phytomelatonin: Searching for plants with high levels as a natural source of nutraceuticals. In F. R. S. Atta-Ür-Rahman (Ed.), Studies in Natural Products Chemistry (Bioactive Natural Products) vol. 46 (Vol. 1–11, pp. 519–545). Elsevier Science Publishers.
  • Arnao, M.B., Hernández-Ruiz, J., 2018. The potential of phytomelatonin as a nutraceutical. Molecules, 23(1), 238.
  • Bartolucci, S., Mari, M., Di Gregorio, G., Piersanti, G., 2016. Observations concerning the synthesis of tryptamine homologues and branched tryptamine derivatives via the borrowing hydrogen process: synthesis of psilocin, bufotenin, and serotonin. Tetrahedron, 72(18), 2233-2238.
  • Barton, D.L., Atherton, P.J., Bauer, B.A., Moore Jr, D.F., Mattar, B.I., LaVasseur, B.I., Loprinzi, C.L., 2011. The use of Valeriana officinalis (valerian) in improving sleep in patients who are undergoing treatment for cancer: A phase III randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study: NCCTG Trial, N01C5. The Journal of Supportive Oncology, 9(1), 24-31.
  • Bent, S., Padula, A., Moore, D., Patterson, M., Mehling, W., 2006. Valerian for sleep: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The American Journal of Medicine, 119(12), 1005-1012.
  • Boonstra, E., De Kleijn, R., Colzato, L.S., Alkemade, A., Forstmann, B.U., Nieuwenhuis, S., 2015. Neurotransmitters as food supplements: the effects of GABA on brain and behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1520.
  • Borrás, S., Martínez-Solís, I., Ríos, J.L., 2021. Medicinal Plants for Insomnia Related to Anxiety: An Updated Review. Planta Medica, 87, 738–753.
  • Cheng, G., Ma, T., Deng, Z., Gutiérrez-Gamboa, G., Ge, Q., Xu, P., Sun, X., 2021. Plant-derived melatonin from food: A gift of nature. Food & Function, 12(7), 2829-2849.
  • Coppens, P., Da Silva, M.F., Pettman, S., 2006. European regulations on nutraceuticals, dietary supplements and functional foods: a framework based on safety. Toxicology, 221(1), 59-74.
  • Dahlitz, M., Alvarez, B., Parkes, J.D., English, J., Arendt, J., Vignau, J., 1991. Delayed sleep phase syndrome response to melatonin. The Lancet, 337(8750), 1121-1124.
  • Das, G., Shin, H.S., Tundis, R., Gonçalves, S., Tantengco, O.A.G., Campos, M.G., Patra, J.K., 2021. Plant Species of Sub-Family Valerianaceae—A Review on Its Effect on the Central Nervous System. Plants, 10(5), 846.
  • Dimpfel, W., Suter, A., 2008. Sleep improving effects of a single dose administration of a valerian/hops fluid extract—A double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled sleep-EEG study in a parallel design using electrohypnograms. European Journal of Medical Research, 13(5), 200–204.
  • EMA-HMP, 2018, September 17. Herbal medicinal products . European Medicines Agency. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/human-regulatory/herbal-medicinal-products
  • Ferracioli-Oda, E., Qawasmi, A., Bloch, M.H., 2013. Meta-analysis: melatonin for the treatment of primary sleep disorders. PloS One, 8(5), e63773.
  • Finley, J.W., Finley, J.W., Ellwood, K., Hoadley, J., 2014. Launching a new food product or dietary supplement in the United States: industrial, regulatory, and nutritional considerations. Annual Review of Nutrition, 34, 421-447.
  • Hadley, S.K., Petry, J.J., 2003. Valerian. American Family Physician, 67(8), 1755-1758.
  • He, L., Li, J.L., Zhang, J.J., Su, P., Zheng, S.L., 2003. Microwave assisted synthesis of melatonin. Synthetic Communications, 33(5), 741-747.
  • Hernández-Ruiz, J., Arnao, M.B., 2008. Distribution of melatonin in different zones of lupin and barley plants at different ages in the presence and absence of light. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56(22), 10567-10573.
  • Herxheimer, A., 2005. Jet lag. Clinical Evidence, (13), 2178-2183.
  • HMPC-EMA, 2016. European Union herbal monograph on Valeriana officinalis L., radix. Herbal Medicinal Products Committee, EMA/HMPC/150848/2015, 9.
  • Jan, J.E., Hamilton, D., Seward, N., Fast, D.K., Freeman, R.D., Laudon, M., 2000. Clinical trials of controlled‐release melatonin in children with sleep–wake cycle disorders. Journal of Pineal Research, 29(1), 34-39.
  • Kennedy, D.A., Lupattelli, A., Koren, G., Nordeng, H., 2013. Herbal medicine use in pregnancy: results of a multinational study. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 13(1), 355.
  • Kim, Y.I., Lee, H., Nirmala, F.S., Seo, H.D., Ha, T.Y., Jung, C.H., Ahn, J., 2022. Antioxidant Activity of Valeriana fauriei Protects against Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2022, 3645431.
  • Marde, V.S., Atkare, U.A., Gawali, S.V., Tiwari, P.L., Badole, S.P., Wankhede, N.L., Kale, M.B., 2022. Alzheimer’s disease and sleep disorders: Insights into the possible disease connections and the potential therapeutic targets. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 68, 102961.
  • Matura, J.M., Shea, L.A., Bankes, V.A., 2021. Dietary supplements, cytochrome metabolism, and pharmacogenetic considerations. Irish Journal of Medical Science, 1971, 1-9.
  • Mayeno, A.N., Gleich, G.J., 1994, July. The eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome: lessons from Germany. In Mayo Clinic Proceedings (Vol. 69, No. 7, pp. 702-704). Elsevier.
  • Miyasaka, L.S., Atallah, Á.N., Soares, B., 2006. Valerian for anxiety disorders. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (4), CD004515.
  • Naylor, S., Johnson, K.L., Williamson, B.L., Klarskov, K., Gleich, G.J., 1999. Structural characterization of contaminants in commercial preparations of melatonin by on-line HPLC-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 467, 769–777.
  • Palmieri, G., Contaldi, P., Fogliame, G., 2017. Evaluation of effectiveness and safety of a herbal compound in primary insomnia symptoms and sleep disturbances not related to medical or psychiatric causes. Nature and Science of Sleep, 9, 163-169.
  • Pérez-Llamas, F., Hernández-Ruiz, J., Cuesta, A., Zamora, S., Arnao, M.B., 2020. Development of a phytomelatonin-rich extract from cultured plants with excellent biochemical and functional properties as an alternative to synthetic melatonin. Antioxidants, 9(2), 158.
  • Rowe, S.B., 1999. What is a Nutrient? Defining the Food-Drug Continuum. In Round table forum, moderator’s comments. Georgetown University.
  • Shinjyo, N., Waddell, G., Green, J., 2020. Valerian root in treating sleep problems and associated disorders-A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine, 25, 2515690X20967323.
  • Singh, B., Sharma, R.A., 2020. Secondary Metabolites of Medicinal Plants, 4 Volume Set: Ethnopharmacological Properties, Biological Activity and Production Strategies (1st ed.). Wiley-VCH.
  • Soltani, A., Bahrami, F., Bahari, Z., Shankayi, Z., Graily-Afra, M., Sahraei, H., 2021. The effects of Valerian on sleep spindles in a model of neuropathic pain. Sleep Science, 14(Spec 2), 133-139.
  • Spiess, D., Winker, M., Chauveau, A., Abegg, V.F., Potterat, O., Hamburger, M., Simões-Wüst, A.P., 2021. Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Mental Diseases in Pregnancy: An In Vitro Safety Assessment. Planta Medica.
  • Taavoni, S., Ekbatani, N., Kashaniyan, M., Haghani, H., 2011. Effect of valerian on sleep quality in postmenopausal women: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Menopause, 18(9), 951-955.
  • Tammadon, M.R., Nobahar, M., Hydarinia-Naieni, Z., Ebrahimian, A., Ghorbani, R., Vafaei, A.A., 2021. The effects of valerian on sleep quality, depression, and state anxiety in hemodialysis patients: a randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial. Oman Medical Journal, 36(2), e255.
  • Thomson, D.W., Commeureuc, A.G., Berlin, S., Murphy, J.A., 2003. Efficient route to the pineal hormone melatonin by radical-based indole synthesis. Synthetic Communications, 33(20), 3631-3641.
  • Trauner, G., Khom, S., Baburin, I., Benedek, B., Hering, S., Kopp, B., 2008. Modulation of GABAA receptors by valerian extracts is related to the content of valerenic acid. Planta Medica, 74(1), 19-24.
  • Vanaclocha, B., Cañigueral Folcara, S., 2019. Fitoterapia. Vademécum de prescripción (5th ed.). Elsevier Science Publishers. https://tienda.elsevier.es/fitoterapia-vademecum-de-prescripcion-9788491132998.html
  • Wheatley, D., 2005. Medicinal plants for insomnia: a review of their pharmacology, efficacy and tolerability. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 19(4), 414-421.
  • Williamson, B.L., Tomlinson, A.J., Mishra, P.K., Gleich, G.J., Naylor, S., 1998. Structural characterization of contaminants found in commercial preparations of melatonin: similarities to case-related compounds from L-tryptophan associated with eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 11(3), 234-240.
  • Xie, Z., Chen, F., Li, W.A., Geng, X., Li, C., Meng, X., Yu, F., 2017. A review of sleep disorders and melatonin. Neurological Research, 39(6), 559-565.
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Eczacılık ve İlaç Bilimleri
Bölüm Research Articles
Yazarlar

Marta Losada Bu kişi benim

Antonio Cano Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-8555-5053

Josefa Hernández-ruiz Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-1847-8809

Marino B. Arnao 0000-0001-8517-6889

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Şubat 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Losada, M., Cano, A., Hernández-ruiz, J., Arnao, M. B. (2022). Phytomelatonin content in Valeriana officinalis L. and some related phytotherapeutic supplements. International Journal of Plant Based Pharmaceuticals, 2(2), 176-181. https://doi.org/10.55484/ijpbp.1079005
AMA Losada M, Cano A, Hernández-ruiz J, Arnao MB. Phytomelatonin content in Valeriana officinalis L. and some related phytotherapeutic supplements. Int. J. Plant Bas. Pharm. Aralık 2022;2(2):176-181. doi:10.55484/ijpbp.1079005
Chicago Losada, Marta, Antonio Cano, Josefa Hernández-ruiz, ve Marino B. Arnao. “Phytomelatonin Content in Valeriana Officinalis L. And Some Related Phytotherapeutic Supplements”. International Journal of Plant Based Pharmaceuticals 2, sy. 2 (Aralık 2022): 176-81. https://doi.org/10.55484/ijpbp.1079005.
EndNote Losada M, Cano A, Hernández-ruiz J, Arnao MB (01 Aralık 2022) Phytomelatonin content in Valeriana officinalis L. and some related phytotherapeutic supplements. International Journal of Plant Based Pharmaceuticals 2 2 176–181.
IEEE M. Losada, A. Cano, J. Hernández-ruiz, ve M. B. Arnao, “Phytomelatonin content in Valeriana officinalis L. and some related phytotherapeutic supplements”, Int. J. Plant Bas. Pharm., c. 2, sy. 2, ss. 176–181, 2022, doi: 10.55484/ijpbp.1079005.
ISNAD Losada, Marta vd. “Phytomelatonin Content in Valeriana Officinalis L. And Some Related Phytotherapeutic Supplements”. International Journal of Plant Based Pharmaceuticals 2/2 (Aralık 2022), 176-181. https://doi.org/10.55484/ijpbp.1079005.
JAMA Losada M, Cano A, Hernández-ruiz J, Arnao MB. Phytomelatonin content in Valeriana officinalis L. and some related phytotherapeutic supplements. Int. J. Plant Bas. Pharm. 2022;2:176–181.
MLA Losada, Marta vd. “Phytomelatonin Content in Valeriana Officinalis L. And Some Related Phytotherapeutic Supplements”. International Journal of Plant Based Pharmaceuticals, c. 2, sy. 2, 2022, ss. 176-81, doi:10.55484/ijpbp.1079005.
Vancouver Losada M, Cano A, Hernández-ruiz J, Arnao MB. Phytomelatonin content in Valeriana officinalis L. and some related phytotherapeutic supplements. Int. J. Plant Bas. Pharm. 2022;2(2):176-81.
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