A FAIR BALANCE BETWEEN THE RIGHT TO RELIGIOUS MANIFESTATION AND THE FREEDOM TO CONDUCT A BUSINESS IN THE CASES OF HEADSCARVES BAN IN PRIVATE EMPLOYMENT?

Abstract

The contribution questions the preliminary rulings given by the CJEU in Achbita and Wabe and Müller Cases that define the corporate neutrality policies banning wearing of religious clothes in private employment as indirect discrimination. The contribution argues that such corporate neutrality policies, though applied to all employees in the same way, constitute in fact direct discrimination for the devout followers of orthopraxis religions, such as Islam, Judaism and Sikhism, provide preference to employer’s freedom to conduct a business and economic interests over the employee’s right to religious manifestation and social rights, put the right to religious manifestation at the bottom of the hierarchy of grounds of discrimination and cause to economic and social exclusion of such minority employees, notwithstanding the European values.

Keywords

• Corporate Neutrality Policy
• Right to Religious Manifestation
• Freedom to Conduct a Business
• Direct or Indirect Discrimination
• Social and Economic Exclusion

Özel İşyerinde Başörtüsü Yasaklarına İlişkin Davalarda Dini İfade Hürriyeti ile Teşebbüs Hürriyeti Arasında Adil Bir Denge Söz Konusu mu?

Öz

Makale bazı kadın işçilerin özel işyerlerinden işyeri tarafsızlık politikası kuralları gereği başörtüsü takmaları gerekçesiyle çıkartılması neticesinde Avrupa Birliği Adalet Divanı’nın Achbita, Wabe ve Müller gibi kararları üzerinden söz konusu işyeri tarafsızlık politikasının dolaylı ayrımcılık oluşturduğuna dair içtihadını eleştirel olarak analiz etmektedir. Makale esasen sözkonusu özel işyeri politikası çerçevesinde konulan kuralların, yeknesak uygulansa bile, İslam, Yahudilik ve Sihizm gibi bazı orthopraxis din mensupları açısından doğrudan ayrımcılık teşkil ettiğini, işverenin teşebbüs hürriyeti ile economic çıkarlarını, işçilerin dini ifade hürriyeti ve sosyal haklarına tercih ettiğini, ayrımcılık kategorisi içerisinde din ifade özgürlüğünü en tabanda korunmaya layık bir ayrımcılık kategorisine sürüklediğini, AB değerlerine aykırılık teşkil edecek şekilde azınlık din mensuplarının ekonomik ve sosyal dışlanmasına yol açtığını savunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İşyeri Tarafsızlık Politikası
• Din ve İnanç İfade Hürriyeti
• Teşebbüs Hürriyeti
• Doğrudan veya Dolaylı Ayrımcılık
• Sosyal ve Ekonomik Dışlanmışlık

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