An Analysis from the Perspective of Fundamental Rights on the Privatisation of Immigration Control via Carrier Sanctions in the EU

Abstract

The initial purpose of carrier obligations to fight against irregular migration has transformed to fight against terrorism as part of the US counter-terrorism policy after September 11th, 2001. Although EU was not as enthusiastic as the US to collect the data about passengers, some terrorist incidents have facilitated the US intervention with EU, and foreign terrorist fighters have also led to some international decisions regarding immigration control and restrictions on travel. So far, there have been three EU Directives for carrier obligations, and EU has concluded three agreements to share the PNR data with the US authorities. Stemming from the EU legislation and bilateral agreements, controversies on the protection of human rights and the data obtained from airline carriers remain to be tackled.

Keywords

• Carrier sanctions
• human rights
• data protection
• irregular migration
• counter-terrorism

AB’DE TAŞIYICI YAPTIRIMLARI YOLUYLA GÖÇMEN KONTROLÜNÜN ÖZELLEŞTİRİLMESİNİN TEMEL HAKLAR AÇISINDAN BİR ANALİZİ

Öz

Taşıyıcı yaptırımlarının amacında ve uygulamasında 11 Eylül 2001 sonrasında ABD’nin müdahalesiyle düzensiz göçle mücadeleden terörizmle mücadeleye doğru bir dönüşüm meydana gelmiştir. AB yolcu verilerinin toplanmasına yönelik taşıyıcı yaptırımları düzenlemesi yapmakta ABD kadar hevesli olmasa da Avrupa’da meydana gelen terör olayları taşıyıcı yaptırımları konusunda AB üzerinde baskı kurmak isteyen ABD’nin işini kolaylaştırmıştır. Ayrıca DAEŞ terör örgütüne katılmak isteyen yabancı terörist savaşçılar BM tarafından göçmen kontrolüne ve seyahat kısıtlamasına ilişkin bazı kararlar alınmasına neden olmuştur. Taşıyıcı yaptırımlarına yönelik temelde üç AB Direktifi bulunmakta olup, ayrıca PNR bilgilerinin ABD makamlarıyla paylaşılması amacıyla AB üç anlaşma yapmıştır. Tüm bu AB mevzuatı ve ikili anlaşmalardan kaynaklı olarak insan haklarının ve hava yolu taşıyıcılarından elde edilen verilerin korunmasına yönelik tartışmalar halen devam etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Taşıyıcı yaptırımları
• insan hakları
• veri koruma
• düzensiz göç
• terörle mücadele

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