BREXIT, GÖÇ VE AVRUPA BÜTÜNLEŞME SÜRECİ

Öz

Sınırların kontrolü söylemi üzerinden ulusal egemenliğe bir tehdit olarak gösterilen ve halkın endişelerini tetikleyerek siyasi amaçlar için araçsallaştırılan göç konusu, Birleşik Krallık’ın (BK) Avrupa Birliği’nden (AB) ayrılmasında en temel belirleyici unsurlardan biri olmuştur. BK, Avrupa Birliği’nin göç, sığınma ve sınır yönetimi alanındaki politikalarının büyük ölçüde dışında kalmasına ve bu politika alanlarını kendi ulusal egemenliği kapsamında düzenlemesine rağmen, Brexit süresince ülkedeki Avrupa-şüpheci partiler göçmen karşıtı popülist söylemleriyle göç konusunu daha da siyasallaştırmıştır. Brexit, Avrupa bütünleşme sürecinin geleceği için de kuramsal bağlamda incelenebilecek somut bir örnek teşkil etmektedir. Son dönemlerde daha sık tartışılmaya başlayan “farklılaştırılmış entegrasyon” kavramına özellikle göç politikalarına katılım bağlamında örnek gösterilebilecek BK, Brexit tecrübesiyle Birliğin geleceğinin “farkılaştırılmış dağılma” kavramı üzerinden yeniden tartışılabileceğini de göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Birleşik Krallık/İngiltere
• göç
• Brexit
• farklılaştırılmış entegrasyon

Brexit, Migration and European Integration Process

Abstract

Migration issue which has been framed as a threat to national sovereignty within the discourse of “getting back the controls of the borders” and which has also been instrumentalized for political purposes by triggering concerns among the public, constitutes one of the most distinctive factors of Brexit. Although United Kingdom (UK) opts out European Union’s (EU) migration, asylum and border management policies to a great extent and keeps its sole national sovereignty in governing these areas, migration has been highly politicized by the Eurosceptic parties as part of their populist discourses during the Brexit process. Brexit also signifies a concrete case to be examined concerning the theoretical debates on the future of European integration. Brexit experience demonstrates that while the country’s participation to EU’s migration policies can be explained through the highly popular current debate of “differentiated integration”, it also opens a room for critically reconsidering the future of European integration through the new debate on “differentiated dissolution”.

Keywords

• United Kingdom
• migration
• Brexit
• differentiated integration

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