Türkiye Avrupa Birliği İlişkileri ve Entegrasyon Teorileri: Gramscı’ci Tarihsel Materyalizmin Literatüre Katkıları

Year 2012, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 141 - 166, 01.10.2012

Elif Uzgören

Abstract

Bu çalışma Türkiye-Avrupa Birliği ilişkileri literatürünün hangi teorik yaklaşımlardan etkilendiğini inceler ve eleştirel bir analiz getirmeyi amaçlar. Türkiye-Avrupa Birliği ilişkileri literatürde nasıl açıklanmaktadır ve hangi entegrasyon teorilerinden faydalanmaktadırlar? Literatürdeki eksiklikler nelerdir ve Gramsci’ci tarihsel materyalist bir yaklaşım literatüre nasıl katkılar sağlayabilir? Bu makale, Türkiye-Avrupa Birliği ilişkileri literatürünün teorik açıdan genelde ya hükümetlerarası yaklaşımdan ya da Avrupalılaşma perspektifinden etkilendiğini tartışacaktır. Bu bağlamda, literatür ya ilişkileri entegrasyondan ziyade devletlerarası ilişkiler olarak tanımlamakta ya da Avrupa’yı özerk olarak ele almakta ve Avrupa’nın eklemlendiği küreselleşme ve neoliberal yeniden yapılanma gibi yapısal faktörleri gözardı etmektedir. Aynı zamanda Türkiye’de ekonomik ve politik değişimi tartışırken Avrupa’nın rolünü abartmakta ve küresel faktörleri gözönünde bulundurmamaktadır. Ulusötesi alan ve süreçte işçilerin rolü gözardı edilmektedir. Literatür genelde ilişkilerin “şekline” odaklanmakta ve halen devam etmekte olan Türkiye’nin Avrupa yapıları ile entegrasyonunun sosyo-ekonomik içeriğini sorunsallaştıramamaktadır. Bu anlamda çalışma Gramsci’ci tarihsel materyalist analizlerin tartışmaya olan olası katkılarını inceler. Çalışmanın özgün yönü literatürde henüz Gramsci’ci tarihsel materyalist yaklaşımların Türkiye-Avrupa Birliği ilişkilerini açıklamaya yönelik olası katkılarını açıklayan bir çalışmanın yapılmamasından kaynaklanır

Keywords

Avrupa Entegrasyon Teorileri, Türkiye-Avrupa Birliği

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