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Green Public Procurement as an Environmental Policy Instrument in the European Union

Year 2020, Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 85 - 119, 17.07.2020
https://doi.org/10.32450/aacd.770826

Abstract

Green public procurements are accepted as a policy instrument in the European Union (EU) in order to enhance the environmental sustainability of the markets. The study aims to determine the differences between the green public procurement and other environmental policy instruments in the EU and to reveal its relationship with other environmental policy instruments. In the study, in line with the aim, EU common environmental policy and its instruments are examined in terms of green public. Compared to other environmental policy instruments green public procurement is applied in a limited number of countries, it affects only a slight portion of the market, instead of producers decisions are made by consumers, and it promotes the use of ecological innovation and technologies.

References

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  • Akenji, Lewis. “Consumer Scapegoatism and Limits to Green Consumerism”. Journal of Cleaner Production 63 (2014): 13–23.
  • Aldenius, Malin, ve Jamil Khan. “Strategic Use of Green Public Procurement in the Bus Sector: Challenges and Opportunities”. Journal of Cleaner Production 164 (2017): 250–57.
  • Alejandre, Eider, Andrea Traspaderne, ve Alberto Ortiz de Elgea. “Best Practice on Green or Sustainable Public Procurement and New Guidelines”, 2010.
  • Annik, Fet, Michelsen Ottar, ve Boer Luitzen. “Green Public Procurement in Practice — The case of Norway”. Society and Economy 33, sayı 1 (2011): 183–98.
  • Avrupa Birliği Başkanlığı. “Fasıl 27 - Çevre”, 2018. https://www.ab.gov.tr/92.html.
  • Barde, Jean-Philippe. “Economic Instruments in Environmental Policy: Lessons from OECD Experience and their relevance to Developing Economies”, 1994.
  • Bauer, Bjørn, Jens Christensen, Karen Christensen, Tue Dyekjær-Hansen, ve Ida Bode. Benefits of Green Public Procurement. Copenhagen: TemaNord, 2009.
  • Bohm, Peter, ve Clifford S. Russell. “Comparative Analysis of Alternative Policy Instruments”. Içinde Handbook of Natural Resource and Energy Economics, editör A. V. Kneese ve J. L. Sweeney, 1:395–460. Elsevier, 1985.
  • Callan, Scott J., ve Janet M. Thomas. Environmental Economics & Management: Theory, Policy, and Applications. 6. Edition. Mason, Ohio: South-Western, Cengage Learning, 2013.
  • Cerutti, Alessandro K., Simone Contu, Fulvio Ardente, Dario Donno, ve Gabriele L. Beccaro. “Carbon Footprint in Green Public Procurement: Policy Evaluation from a Case Study in the Food Sector”. Food Policy 58 (2016): 82–93.
  • Czarnezki, Jason J. “Green Public Procurement, Legal Instruments for Promoting Environmental Interests in the United States and European Union”. Uppsala University, 2019.
  • Danilina, Vera, ve Federico Trionfet. “Green Public Procurement v.s. Environmental Taxation: implications for the EU-MENA environmental policy”, 2019. https://planbleu.org/sites/default/files/publications/femise_medbrief_16.pdf.
  • Day, Catherine. “Buying Green: The Crucial Role of Public Authorities”. Local Environment 10, sayı 2 (2005): 201–9.
  • Decision 1639/2006/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 2006 establishing a Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Programme (2007-2013), OJ L 310 of November 9, 2006 (y.y.).
  • Donatello, Shane, Rocío Rodríguez Quintero, Miguel Gama Caldas, Oliver Wolf, Paul Van Tichelen, Veronique Van Hoof, ve Theo Geerken. “Revision of the EU Green Public Procurement Criteria for Road Lighting and Traffic Signals”. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2019.
  • Ekins, Paul. “European Environmental Taxes and Charges Recent Experience, Issues and Trends”. Ecological Economics 31, sayı 1 (1999): 39–62.
  • European Commission [EC]. “Background and Approach”, 2019. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/gpp_criteria_en.htm.
  • ———. “Benefits of GPP”, 2019. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/benefits_en.htm.
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  • ———. “Environmental Taxes A Statistical Guide”. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2013. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/5936129/KS-GQ-13-005-EN.PDF.
  • ———.“EU GPP Criteria”, 2019. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/eu_gpp_criteria_en.htm.
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  • ———. “Green and Sustainable Public Procurement”, 2020. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/versus_en.htm.
  • ———.“Green Public Procurement”. Environment, 2019. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/index_en.htm.
  • ———. “What is GPP”, 2019. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/what_en.htm. European Environment Agency [EEA]. “Environmental Taxation and EU Environmental Policies”. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2016.
  • ———. “Policy instruments”. Environmental topics, 2016. https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/policy/intro.
  • European Parliament. “Environment Policy: General Principles and Basic Framework”. Brussels: European Parliament, 2019. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/ftu/pdf/en/FTU_2.5.1.pdf.
  • European Parliament, Council of the European Union. Directive 2003/87/EC of theEuropean Parliament and of the Council (2003). https://eurlex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32003L0087&from=EN.
  • ———. Regulation (EU) No 691/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council (2011). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri= OJ:L:2011:192:0001:0016:EN:PDF.
  • European Union. Buying Green! A Handbook on Green Public Procurement. 3. Edition. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2016.
  • Görlach, Benjamin. “What Constitutes an Optimal Climate Policy Mix? Defining the Concept of Optimality, Including Political and Legal Framework Conditions”. Berlin: Ecologic Institute, 2013. https://cecilia2050.eu/system/files/Görlach (2013)_What constitutes an optimalpolicy mix_0.pdf.
  • Grossman, Margaret Rosso. “Agriculture and the Polluter Pays Principle: An Introduction”. Oklahoma Law Review 59, sayı 1 (2006): 1–52.
  • Hasanbeigi, Ali, Renilde Becqué, ve Cecilia Springer. Curbing Carbon from Consumption: The Role of Green Public Procurement. San Francisco CA: Global Efficiency Intelligence, 2019.
  • Houses of Parliament. “EU Environmental Principles”. London, 2018.
  • Howlett, Michael. “Policy Instruments, Policy Styles and Policy Implementation”. Policy Studies Journal 19, sayı 2 (1991): 1–21.
  • INTOSAI Working Group on Environmental Auditing. “Market Based Instruments for Environmental Protection and Management”. INTOSAI WGEA paper. Jakarta, Indonesia, 2016.
  • Jordan, Andrew. “Introduction: European Union Environmental Policy – Actors, Institutions and Policy Processes”. Içinde Environmental Policy in the European Union, editör Andrew Jordan, 2. Edition., 1–18. Sterling, USA: Earthscan, 2005.
  • Kargı, Veli, ve Cihan Yüksel. “Çevresel Dışsallıklarda Kamu Ekonomisi Çözümleri”. Maliye Dergisi 159, sayı Temmuz-Aralık (2010): 183–202.
  • Leire, Charlotte, Oksana Mont, ve Carl Dalhammar. “Green Procurement Policies and Practices: Swedish Perspectives from the Public and Private Sectors”. Içinde Handbook of Environmental Policy, editör Johannes Meijer ve Arjan der Berg, 43–77. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.
  • Lenschow, Andrea. “Environmental Policy”. Içinde Policy-Making in the European Union, editör Helen Wallace, William Wallace, ve Mark A. Pollack, 5 Edition., 305–27. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
  • Lindeneg, Klavs. “Instruments in Environmental Policy -Different Approaches”. Waste Management & Research 10, sayı 3 (1992): 281–87.
  • Macrory, Richard. Principles of European Environmental Law. Groningen: Europa Law Publishing, 2004.
  • Majone, Giandomenico. “Choice among Policy Instruments for Pollution Control”. Policy Analysis 2, sayı 4 (1976): 589–613.
  • Marron, Donald. “Greener Public Purchasing as an Environmental Policy Instrument”. OECD Journal on Budgeting 3, sayı 4 (2003): 71–105.
  • Martinić, Stefan, ve Ana Kozina. “‘Europe 2020’ and the EU Public Procurement and State Aid Rules: Good Intentions That Pave a Road to Hell?” Croatian Yearbook of European Law and Policy 12, sayı 1 (2016): 207–49.
  • Mickwitz, Per. “A Framework for Evaluating Environmental Policy Instruments Context and Key Concepts”. Evaluation 9, sayı 4 (2003): 415–36.
  • Opschoor, Johannes Baptist, A. F. de Savornin Lohman, ve Hans B. Vos. Managing the Environment: The Role of Economic Instruments. Washington, DC: OECD Publications and Information Center, 1994.
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD]. “An OECD Framework for Effective and Efficient Environmental Policies”. Meeting of the Environment Policy Committee (EPOC) at Ministerial Level, Environment and Global Competitiveness, 2008. https://www.oecd.org/environment/toolsevaluation/41644480.pdf.
  • ———. “Green Public Procurement”, 2019. https://www.oecd.org/gov/publicprocurement/green/.
  • ———. “Green Public Procurement”, 2019. http://www.oecd.org/fr/gouvernance/green-procurement.htm.
  • ———. “Instrument Mixes for Environmental Policy”. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2007.
  • ———. “Recommendation of the Council on OECD Legal Instruments Improving the Environmental Performance of Public Procurement”. OECD Publications, 2002. https://legalinstruments.oecd.org/public/doc/46/46.en.pdf.
  • Pacheco-Blanco, Bélgica, ve María José Bastante-Ceca. “Green Public Procurement as an Initiative for Sustainable Consumption. An Exploratory Study of Spanish Public Universities”. Journal of Cleaner Production 133, sayı 1 (2016): 648– 56.
  • Parikka-Alhola, Katriina. “Promoting Environmentally Sound Furniture by Green Public Procurement”. Ecological Economics 68, sayı 1–2 (2008): 472–85.
  • Renda, Andrea, Jacques Pelkmans, Christian Egenhofer, Lorna Schrefler, Giacomo Luchetta, ve Can Selçuki. “The Uptake of Green Public Procurement in the EU27”. CEPS. Brussels, Belgium: European Commission, 2012. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/pdf/CEPS-CoE-GPP MAINREPORT.pdf.
  • Roberts, Jane. Environmental Policy. 2 Edition. Abingdon: Routledge, 2011. Schmitt, Sophie, ve Kai Schulze. “Choosing Environmental Policy Instruments: An Assessment of the ‘Environmental Dimension’ of EU Energy Policy”. European Integration Online Papers 15, sayı 1 (2011): 1–27.
  • Seht, Hauke von, ve Hermann E. Ott. “EU environmental principles: Implementation in Germany”. Wuppertal, 2000. https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/1077/file/WP105.pdf.
  • Selin, Henrik, ve Stacy D. VanDeveer. “EU Environmental Policy Making and Implementation: Changing Processes and Mixed Outcomes”. Içinde 14th Biennial Conference of the European Union Studies Association, 1–28. Boston, 2015.
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AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ’NDE ÇEVRE POLİTİKASI ARACI OLARAK YEŞİL KAMU ALIMLARI

Year 2020, Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 85 - 119, 17.07.2020
https://doi.org/10.32450/aacd.770826

Abstract

Piyasaların çevresel sürdürülebilirliğini artırabilmek için Avrupa Birliği’nde (AB) yeşil kamu alımları bir politika aracı olarak kabul edilmektedir. Çalışma AB’de yeşil kamu alımlarının diğer çevre politikası araçlarından farklılıklarını tespit etmeyi ve diğer çevre politikası araçları ile olan ilişkisini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaç kapsamında çalışmada yeşil kamu alımları özelinde AB ortak çevre politikası ve araçları incelenmiştir. Yeşil kamu alımları diğer çevre politikası araçlarına kıyasla daha sınırlı sayıda ülkede uygulanmakta, ilgili piyasanın küçük bir kısmını etkilemekte, kararlar üreticiler yerine tüketiciler tarafından verilmekte, ekolojik inovasyonu ve teknolojilerin kullanımını teşvik etmektedir.

References

  • Ahsan, Kamrul, ve Shams Rahman. “Green Public Procurement Implementation Challenges in Australian Public Healthcare Sector”. Journal of Cleaner Production 152 (2017): 181–97.
  • Akenji, Lewis. “Consumer Scapegoatism and Limits to Green Consumerism”. Journal of Cleaner Production 63 (2014): 13–23.
  • Aldenius, Malin, ve Jamil Khan. “Strategic Use of Green Public Procurement in the Bus Sector: Challenges and Opportunities”. Journal of Cleaner Production 164 (2017): 250–57.
  • Alejandre, Eider, Andrea Traspaderne, ve Alberto Ortiz de Elgea. “Best Practice on Green or Sustainable Public Procurement and New Guidelines”, 2010.
  • Annik, Fet, Michelsen Ottar, ve Boer Luitzen. “Green Public Procurement in Practice — The case of Norway”. Society and Economy 33, sayı 1 (2011): 183–98.
  • Avrupa Birliği Başkanlığı. “Fasıl 27 - Çevre”, 2018. https://www.ab.gov.tr/92.html.
  • Barde, Jean-Philippe. “Economic Instruments in Environmental Policy: Lessons from OECD Experience and their relevance to Developing Economies”, 1994.
  • Bauer, Bjørn, Jens Christensen, Karen Christensen, Tue Dyekjær-Hansen, ve Ida Bode. Benefits of Green Public Procurement. Copenhagen: TemaNord, 2009.
  • Bohm, Peter, ve Clifford S. Russell. “Comparative Analysis of Alternative Policy Instruments”. Içinde Handbook of Natural Resource and Energy Economics, editör A. V. Kneese ve J. L. Sweeney, 1:395–460. Elsevier, 1985.
  • Callan, Scott J., ve Janet M. Thomas. Environmental Economics & Management: Theory, Policy, and Applications. 6. Edition. Mason, Ohio: South-Western, Cengage Learning, 2013.
  • Cerutti, Alessandro K., Simone Contu, Fulvio Ardente, Dario Donno, ve Gabriele L. Beccaro. “Carbon Footprint in Green Public Procurement: Policy Evaluation from a Case Study in the Food Sector”. Food Policy 58 (2016): 82–93.
  • Czarnezki, Jason J. “Green Public Procurement, Legal Instruments for Promoting Environmental Interests in the United States and European Union”. Uppsala University, 2019.
  • Danilina, Vera, ve Federico Trionfet. “Green Public Procurement v.s. Environmental Taxation: implications for the EU-MENA environmental policy”, 2019. https://planbleu.org/sites/default/files/publications/femise_medbrief_16.pdf.
  • Day, Catherine. “Buying Green: The Crucial Role of Public Authorities”. Local Environment 10, sayı 2 (2005): 201–9.
  • Decision 1639/2006/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 2006 establishing a Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Programme (2007-2013), OJ L 310 of November 9, 2006 (y.y.).
  • Donatello, Shane, Rocío Rodríguez Quintero, Miguel Gama Caldas, Oliver Wolf, Paul Van Tichelen, Veronique Van Hoof, ve Theo Geerken. “Revision of the EU Green Public Procurement Criteria for Road Lighting and Traffic Signals”. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2019.
  • Ekins, Paul. “European Environmental Taxes and Charges Recent Experience, Issues and Trends”. Ecological Economics 31, sayı 1 (1999): 39–62.
  • European Commission [EC]. “Background and Approach”, 2019. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/gpp_criteria_en.htm.
  • ———. “Benefits of GPP”, 2019. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/benefits_en.htm.
  • ———. “Communication from the Commission, Europe2020, A Strategy for Smart, Sustainable and Inclusive Growth”. COM (2010) 2020 Final, sayı Brussels (2010).
  • ———. Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament “Integrated Product Policy Building on Environmental Life-Cycle Thinking”, COM(2003) 302. European Commision, 2003.
  • ———. “Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, ‘Stimulating Technologies for Sustainable Development: An Environmental Technologies Action Plan for the European Union’”. COM (2004) 38 Final, sayı Brussels (2004).
  • ———. “Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, Public Procurement for a Better Environment”. COM (2008) 400, sayı 2 (Brussels) (2008).
  • ———. “Communication From The Commission To The European Parliament, The Council, The European Economic And Social Committee And The Committee Of The Regions On The Sustainable Consumption and Production and Sustainable Industrial Policy Action Plan”. COM (2008) 397 Final, sayı Brussels (2008).
  • ———. “Directive 2014/24/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on Public Procurement and Repealing Directive 2004/18/EC”. Official Journal of the European Union L 94/65 (2014).
  • ———.“Eco-innovation Action Plan”. Environment, 2019. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/ecoap/about-action-plan/etap-previousaction-plan_en.
  • ———. “Environmental Taxes A Statistical Guide”. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2013. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/5936129/KS-GQ-13-005-EN.PDF.
  • ———.“EU GPP Criteria”, 2019. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/eu_gpp_criteria_en.htm.
  • ———.“EU Public Procurement Directives”, 2019. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/eu_public_directives_en.htm.
  • ———. “Green and Sustainable Public Procurement”, 2020. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/versus_en.htm.
  • ———.“Green Public Procurement”. Environment, 2019. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/index_en.htm.
  • ———. “What is GPP”, 2019. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/what_en.htm. European Environment Agency [EEA]. “Environmental Taxation and EU Environmental Policies”. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2016.
  • ———. “Policy instruments”. Environmental topics, 2016. https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/policy/intro.
  • European Parliament. “Environment Policy: General Principles and Basic Framework”. Brussels: European Parliament, 2019. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/ftu/pdf/en/FTU_2.5.1.pdf.
  • European Parliament, Council of the European Union. Directive 2003/87/EC of theEuropean Parliament and of the Council (2003). https://eurlex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32003L0087&from=EN.
  • ———. Regulation (EU) No 691/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council (2011). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri= OJ:L:2011:192:0001:0016:EN:PDF.
  • European Union. Buying Green! A Handbook on Green Public Procurement. 3. Edition. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2016.
  • Görlach, Benjamin. “What Constitutes an Optimal Climate Policy Mix? Defining the Concept of Optimality, Including Political and Legal Framework Conditions”. Berlin: Ecologic Institute, 2013. https://cecilia2050.eu/system/files/Görlach (2013)_What constitutes an optimalpolicy mix_0.pdf.
  • Grossman, Margaret Rosso. “Agriculture and the Polluter Pays Principle: An Introduction”. Oklahoma Law Review 59, sayı 1 (2006): 1–52.
  • Hasanbeigi, Ali, Renilde Becqué, ve Cecilia Springer. Curbing Carbon from Consumption: The Role of Green Public Procurement. San Francisco CA: Global Efficiency Intelligence, 2019.
  • Houses of Parliament. “EU Environmental Principles”. London, 2018.
  • Howlett, Michael. “Policy Instruments, Policy Styles and Policy Implementation”. Policy Studies Journal 19, sayı 2 (1991): 1–21.
  • INTOSAI Working Group on Environmental Auditing. “Market Based Instruments for Environmental Protection and Management”. INTOSAI WGEA paper. Jakarta, Indonesia, 2016.
  • Jordan, Andrew. “Introduction: European Union Environmental Policy – Actors, Institutions and Policy Processes”. Içinde Environmental Policy in the European Union, editör Andrew Jordan, 2. Edition., 1–18. Sterling, USA: Earthscan, 2005.
  • Kargı, Veli, ve Cihan Yüksel. “Çevresel Dışsallıklarda Kamu Ekonomisi Çözümleri”. Maliye Dergisi 159, sayı Temmuz-Aralık (2010): 183–202.
  • Leire, Charlotte, Oksana Mont, ve Carl Dalhammar. “Green Procurement Policies and Practices: Swedish Perspectives from the Public and Private Sectors”. Içinde Handbook of Environmental Policy, editör Johannes Meijer ve Arjan der Berg, 43–77. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.
  • Lenschow, Andrea. “Environmental Policy”. Içinde Policy-Making in the European Union, editör Helen Wallace, William Wallace, ve Mark A. Pollack, 5 Edition., 305–27. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
  • Lindeneg, Klavs. “Instruments in Environmental Policy -Different Approaches”. Waste Management & Research 10, sayı 3 (1992): 281–87.
  • Macrory, Richard. Principles of European Environmental Law. Groningen: Europa Law Publishing, 2004.
  • Majone, Giandomenico. “Choice among Policy Instruments for Pollution Control”. Policy Analysis 2, sayı 4 (1976): 589–613.
  • Marron, Donald. “Greener Public Purchasing as an Environmental Policy Instrument”. OECD Journal on Budgeting 3, sayı 4 (2003): 71–105.
  • Martinić, Stefan, ve Ana Kozina. “‘Europe 2020’ and the EU Public Procurement and State Aid Rules: Good Intentions That Pave a Road to Hell?” Croatian Yearbook of European Law and Policy 12, sayı 1 (2016): 207–49.
  • Mickwitz, Per. “A Framework for Evaluating Environmental Policy Instruments Context and Key Concepts”. Evaluation 9, sayı 4 (2003): 415–36.
  • Opschoor, Johannes Baptist, A. F. de Savornin Lohman, ve Hans B. Vos. Managing the Environment: The Role of Economic Instruments. Washington, DC: OECD Publications and Information Center, 1994.
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD]. “An OECD Framework for Effective and Efficient Environmental Policies”. Meeting of the Environment Policy Committee (EPOC) at Ministerial Level, Environment and Global Competitiveness, 2008. https://www.oecd.org/environment/toolsevaluation/41644480.pdf.
  • ———. “Green Public Procurement”, 2019. https://www.oecd.org/gov/publicprocurement/green/.
  • ———. “Green Public Procurement”, 2019. http://www.oecd.org/fr/gouvernance/green-procurement.htm.
  • ———. “Instrument Mixes for Environmental Policy”. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2007.
  • ———. “Recommendation of the Council on OECD Legal Instruments Improving the Environmental Performance of Public Procurement”. OECD Publications, 2002. https://legalinstruments.oecd.org/public/doc/46/46.en.pdf.
  • Pacheco-Blanco, Bélgica, ve María José Bastante-Ceca. “Green Public Procurement as an Initiative for Sustainable Consumption. An Exploratory Study of Spanish Public Universities”. Journal of Cleaner Production 133, sayı 1 (2016): 648– 56.
  • Parikka-Alhola, Katriina. “Promoting Environmentally Sound Furniture by Green Public Procurement”. Ecological Economics 68, sayı 1–2 (2008): 472–85.
  • Renda, Andrea, Jacques Pelkmans, Christian Egenhofer, Lorna Schrefler, Giacomo Luchetta, ve Can Selçuki. “The Uptake of Green Public Procurement in the EU27”. CEPS. Brussels, Belgium: European Commission, 2012. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/pdf/CEPS-CoE-GPP MAINREPORT.pdf.
  • Roberts, Jane. Environmental Policy. 2 Edition. Abingdon: Routledge, 2011. Schmitt, Sophie, ve Kai Schulze. “Choosing Environmental Policy Instruments: An Assessment of the ‘Environmental Dimension’ of EU Energy Policy”. European Integration Online Papers 15, sayı 1 (2011): 1–27.
  • Seht, Hauke von, ve Hermann E. Ott. “EU environmental principles: Implementation in Germany”. Wuppertal, 2000. https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/1077/file/WP105.pdf.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Süleyman Dikmen This is me 0000-0002-5434-0532

İclal Dağlıoğlu Şanlı This is me 0000-0002-0841-4158

Publication Date July 17, 2020
Submission Date March 3, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 19 Issue: 1

Cite

Chicago Dikmen, Süleyman, and İclal Dağlıoğlu Şanlı. “AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ’NDE ÇEVRE POLİTİKASI ARACI OLARAK YEŞİL KAMU ALIMLARI”. Ankara Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi 19, no. 1 (July 2020): 85-119. https://doi.org/10.32450/aacd.770826.

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