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Türkiye-AB İlişkilerinin Başlangıcına Dönüş: Kurumsal Yapının İnşası ve Eksiklikleri

Year 2023, Volume: 22 Issue: 1, 1 - 34, 21.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.32450/aacd.1327000

Abstract

AET ve Yunanistan arasında imzalanan Atina Antlaşması sonrası, 1963 Ankara Antlaşması ile kurulan ortaklık tüm tartışmaları ve farklı yorumlarına rağmen bugün hala AB-Türkiye ilişkilerinin en temel kurumsal yapı taşını oluşturmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışma, müzakereleri paralel devam eden ve aynı dönemde imzalanan fakat AET ile ilişkilerde birbirinden farklı iki sürece yol açan iki ortaklık antlaşmasının karşılaştırılmalı bir analizini sunmaktadır. Açık arşiv dokümanları ve ikincil kaynaklar ile desteklenen çalışma Ankara antlaşması ile kurulan ortaklık yapısını yeni kurumsalcı yaklaşımlar ışığında karşılaştırmalı ve tarihsel bir analize tabii tutarak, ilişkilerin kurumsal temelini, tasarımını, içeriğini ve eksikliklerini, diğer antlaşma ile farklılıklarını tartışmayı ve günümüz ilişkilerine etkisini yeniden değerlendirmeyi hedeflemektedir.

References

  • "Agreement Establishing an Association between the European Economic Commmunity and Greece (63/107/EEC)."
  • "Agreement Establishing an Association between the European Economic Commmunity and Turkey ".
  • Arat, Tuğrul, and Çağrı Erhan. "AET’yle İlişkiler." In Türk Dış Politikası, edited by Baskın Oran, 808-53. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları 2009.
  • Arikan, Harun. Turkey and the Eu: An Awkward Candidate for Eu Membership? : Routledge, 2017.
  • Bennett, Andrew, Tasha Fairfield, and Hillel David Soifer. "Comparative Methods and Process Tracing." American Political Science Association Organized Section for Qualitative and Multi-Method Research, Qualitative Transparency Deliberations, Working Group Final Reports, Report III 1 (2019).
  • Birand, Mehmet Ali. "Turkey and the European Community." The World Today 34, no. 2 (1978): 52-61.
  • ———. Türkiye'nin Büyük Avrupa Kavgası, 1959-2004. Doğan Kitap, 2005.
  • Camyar, Isa, and Halit Mustafa Tagma. "Why Does Turkey Seek European Union Membership? A Historical Institutional Approach." Turkish Studies 11, no. 3 (2010): 371-86.
  • Capoccia, Giovanni, and R Daniel Kelemen. "The Study of Critical Junctures: Theory, Narrative, and Counterfactuals in Historical Institutionalism." World politics 59, no. 3 (2007): 341-69.
  • Christou, Konstantinos, and Alexander Sarris. "Trade Effects of the Greek Association with the European Economic Community, 1963-1977." In Working Paper no 109, edited by Dİvision of Agricultural Sciences University of California, 1980.
  • Collier, David. "Understanding Process Tracing." PS: Political Science & Politics 44, no. 4 (2011): 823-30. European Commission. "Turkey-Eec Relations 1963-1967." Brussels, 1968.
  • Dinan, Desmond. Ever Closer Union: An Introduction to European Integration. Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.
  • Dosemeci, Mehmet. "Turkish Opposition to the Common Market: An Archaeology of Nationalist Thought, 1967–1980." South European society and politics 17, no. 1 (2012): 87-107.
  • Conseil des Ministres de la Communauté Economique Europeenne. Note D'information Confidentielle (26 Février 1959) CM 2/1959 vols.: Archieve Historiques de'Union Européenne-Florence, 1959.
  • Eyyupoğlu, İsmail. "Tarihsel Süreçte Ankara Antlaşması Ve Türk Basınına Yansıması ". Atatürk Dergisi 7, no. 2 (2019): 31-53.
  • Feld, Werner. "The Association Agreements of the European Communities: A Comparative Analysis." International Organization 19, no. 2 (1965): 223-49.
  • Gaytancıoğlu, Kaan. "Türkiye’nin Avrupa Ekonomik Topluluğu’na Üyelik Başvurusu’nun Basına Yansımaları." Ankara Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi 8, no. 2 (2009): 47-64.
  • Hall, Peter A, and Rosemary CR Taylor. "Political Science and the Three New Institutionalisms." Political studies 44, no. 5 (1996): 936-57.
  • Hallstein. "Allocaiton Du Professeur Walter Hallstein, President De La Commission De La Communaute Economique Europeenne a L'ocasion De La Signature De La Convention D'association Avec La Turquie a Ankara, 12 Septembre 1963." In Voyage a Ankara I'ocassion De Signature De L'accord D'associaiton Avec La Turquie, 11-15/09, edited by EN-1617, 1963.
  • Icoz, Gülay, and Natalie Martin. "Historical Institutionalism and Eu–Turkey Relations: Path Dependence and Critical Junctures in the Accession Process." In Eu-Turkey Relations, 83-106: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2021.
  • Kalamotousakis, George J. "Greece's Association with the European Community: An Evaluation of the First Ten Years." In The Eec and the MediterraneanCountries, edited by A Shlaim and G.N. Yannopolulus, 141-60. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976.
  • Kazakos, Panos. "Greece and the Ec: Historical Review." In Greece and EC Membership Evaluated, edited by Panos Kazakos and P.C. Iokimidis, 1-9. London: Pinter Publishers, 1994.
  • Lalumiere, Catherine "Interview with Catherine Lalumière: Turkey and the European Union (Paris, 17 May 2006)." (2006).
  • Lasok, Dominik. "The Ankara Agreement: Principles and Interpretation." Marmara Üniversitesi Avrupa Topluluğu Enstitüsü Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi 1, no. 1&2 (1991): 27-47.
  • Lavdas, Kostas A. The Europeanization of Greece: Interest Politics and the Crises of Integration. Springer, 2016.
  • Lemaignen, Robert. "The Associaiton of the Overseas Countires with the European Economic Community ". In Bulletin of the European Economic Community August/September 1060 No 8/9, 5-13. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publicaitons of the European Communities 1960.
  • Lindner, Johannes, and Berthold Rittberger. "The Creation, Interpretation and Contestation of Institutions—Revisiting Historical Institutionalism." JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 41, no. 3 (2003): 445-73.
  • Mayer, Matthias M. "Governmental Preferences on Liberalising Economic Migration Policies at the Eu Level: Germany’s Domestic Politics, Foreign Policy, and Labour Market." London School of Economics and Political Science, 2011.
  • Neziroğlu, İrfan, and Tuncer Yılmaz. "Hükümetler, Programları Ve Genel Kurul Görüşmeleri." Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi, 2013.
  • Nose, Kazuhiro. "External Policy of the European Economic Community During the Association N Egotiations with Turkey (1959–63): Reconsidering the Origin of Eu-Turkey Relations." 国際公共政策研究 25, no. 1 (2020): 79-96.
  • Öniş, Z. "The Role of the European Union in Greek-Turkish Relations: Perpetuator of Conflict or Contributor to Peace?". In Greece and Turkey in the 21st Century: Conflict or Cooperation. A Political Economy Perspective, , edited by C. Kollias and G Günlük-Şenesen, 165-74. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2003.
  • Pesmazoglu, John. "The Meaning of the Athens Agreement." Bulletin of the European Economic Community. September-October 1962, no 9/10 (1962): 7-12.
  • Pierson, Paul. "Increasing Returns, Path Dependence, and the Study of Politics." American political science review 94, no. 2 (2000): 251-67.
  • ———. "The Limits of Design: Explaining Institutional Origins and Change." Governance 13, no. 4 (2000): 475-99.
  • ———. "The Path to European Integration:A Historical Institutionalist Analysis." Comparative Political Studies 29, no. 2 (1996): 123-63.
  • Pollack, Mark A. "The New Institutionalisms and European Integration." University of Hamburg, Faculty for Economics and Social Sciences, Department …, 2007.
  • Reiners, Wulf, and Ebru Turhan. Eu-Turkey Relations: Theories, Institutions, and Policies. Springer Nature, 2021.
  • Rey, Jean. "Adress by Jean Rey at the Signature of the Associaiton Agreement between Greece and the EEC (9 July 1961)." In Bullettin of the European Economic Communities. July/August 1961 No 7/8, 33-34. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publicaitons of the European Communities, 1961.
  • Saatçioğlu, Beken, Funda Tekin, Sinan Ekim, and Nathalie Tocci. "The Future of Eu-Turkey Relations: A Dynamic Association Framework Amidst Conflictual Cooperation." Istituto Affari Internazionali, 2019. Saraçoğlu, Tevfik. "Türkiye-Avrupa Ekonomik Topluluğu İlişkiler." Marmara Üniversitesi Avrupa Topluluğu Enstitüsü Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi 1, no. 1&2 (1992): 49-55.
  • Shlaim, Avi. "The Eec and Eastern Europe." Cambridge Books (2008).
  • Sofos, Spyros A. . "Reluctant Europeans? European Integration and the Transformation of Turkish Politics." In Europeanization and the Southern Periphery, edited by Kevin Featherstone and Geōrgios A. Kazamias, 243-60. London: Frank Cass, 2001.
  • Tsalicoglou, Iacovos S. Negotiating for Entry: The Accession of Greece to the European Community. Dartmouth Publishing Company, 1995.

BACK TO THE ORIGINS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION - TURKEY RELATIONS: ESTABLISHMENT OF AN INSTITUTIONALIZED PATHWAY AND ITS SHORTCOMINGS

Year 2023, Volume: 22 Issue: 1, 1 - 34, 21.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.32450/aacd.1327000

Abstract

After the Athens Agreement signed with Greece, Turkey became the second associate member of the EEC with ister kin duthe signature of the 1963 Ankara Agreement which established an institutionalized pathway that is open to interpretation and contestation until today. The study offers an analysis based on archival data, secondary sources and a comparison of two association agreements which negotiated and signed at the same time-span but resulted in two different pathways. Based on new institutionalist approaches, the article aims to situate the agreement and the association in a historical and comparative context while tracing the origins and shortcomings of this institutionalized pathway which is still relevant for Turkey-EU relations.

References

  • "Agreement Establishing an Association between the European Economic Commmunity and Greece (63/107/EEC)."
  • "Agreement Establishing an Association between the European Economic Commmunity and Turkey ".
  • Arat, Tuğrul, and Çağrı Erhan. "AET’yle İlişkiler." In Türk Dış Politikası, edited by Baskın Oran, 808-53. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları 2009.
  • Arikan, Harun. Turkey and the Eu: An Awkward Candidate for Eu Membership? : Routledge, 2017.
  • Bennett, Andrew, Tasha Fairfield, and Hillel David Soifer. "Comparative Methods and Process Tracing." American Political Science Association Organized Section for Qualitative and Multi-Method Research, Qualitative Transparency Deliberations, Working Group Final Reports, Report III 1 (2019).
  • Birand, Mehmet Ali. "Turkey and the European Community." The World Today 34, no. 2 (1978): 52-61.
  • ———. Türkiye'nin Büyük Avrupa Kavgası, 1959-2004. Doğan Kitap, 2005.
  • Camyar, Isa, and Halit Mustafa Tagma. "Why Does Turkey Seek European Union Membership? A Historical Institutional Approach." Turkish Studies 11, no. 3 (2010): 371-86.
  • Capoccia, Giovanni, and R Daniel Kelemen. "The Study of Critical Junctures: Theory, Narrative, and Counterfactuals in Historical Institutionalism." World politics 59, no. 3 (2007): 341-69.
  • Christou, Konstantinos, and Alexander Sarris. "Trade Effects of the Greek Association with the European Economic Community, 1963-1977." In Working Paper no 109, edited by Dİvision of Agricultural Sciences University of California, 1980.
  • Collier, David. "Understanding Process Tracing." PS: Political Science & Politics 44, no. 4 (2011): 823-30. European Commission. "Turkey-Eec Relations 1963-1967." Brussels, 1968.
  • Dinan, Desmond. Ever Closer Union: An Introduction to European Integration. Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.
  • Dosemeci, Mehmet. "Turkish Opposition to the Common Market: An Archaeology of Nationalist Thought, 1967–1980." South European society and politics 17, no. 1 (2012): 87-107.
  • Conseil des Ministres de la Communauté Economique Europeenne. Note D'information Confidentielle (26 Février 1959) CM 2/1959 vols.: Archieve Historiques de'Union Européenne-Florence, 1959.
  • Eyyupoğlu, İsmail. "Tarihsel Süreçte Ankara Antlaşması Ve Türk Basınına Yansıması ". Atatürk Dergisi 7, no. 2 (2019): 31-53.
  • Feld, Werner. "The Association Agreements of the European Communities: A Comparative Analysis." International Organization 19, no. 2 (1965): 223-49.
  • Gaytancıoğlu, Kaan. "Türkiye’nin Avrupa Ekonomik Topluluğu’na Üyelik Başvurusu’nun Basına Yansımaları." Ankara Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi 8, no. 2 (2009): 47-64.
  • Hall, Peter A, and Rosemary CR Taylor. "Political Science and the Three New Institutionalisms." Political studies 44, no. 5 (1996): 936-57.
  • Hallstein. "Allocaiton Du Professeur Walter Hallstein, President De La Commission De La Communaute Economique Europeenne a L'ocasion De La Signature De La Convention D'association Avec La Turquie a Ankara, 12 Septembre 1963." In Voyage a Ankara I'ocassion De Signature De L'accord D'associaiton Avec La Turquie, 11-15/09, edited by EN-1617, 1963.
  • Icoz, Gülay, and Natalie Martin. "Historical Institutionalism and Eu–Turkey Relations: Path Dependence and Critical Junctures in the Accession Process." In Eu-Turkey Relations, 83-106: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2021.
  • Kalamotousakis, George J. "Greece's Association with the European Community: An Evaluation of the First Ten Years." In The Eec and the MediterraneanCountries, edited by A Shlaim and G.N. Yannopolulus, 141-60. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976.
  • Kazakos, Panos. "Greece and the Ec: Historical Review." In Greece and EC Membership Evaluated, edited by Panos Kazakos and P.C. Iokimidis, 1-9. London: Pinter Publishers, 1994.
  • Lalumiere, Catherine "Interview with Catherine Lalumière: Turkey and the European Union (Paris, 17 May 2006)." (2006).
  • Lasok, Dominik. "The Ankara Agreement: Principles and Interpretation." Marmara Üniversitesi Avrupa Topluluğu Enstitüsü Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi 1, no. 1&2 (1991): 27-47.
  • Lavdas, Kostas A. The Europeanization of Greece: Interest Politics and the Crises of Integration. Springer, 2016.
  • Lemaignen, Robert. "The Associaiton of the Overseas Countires with the European Economic Community ". In Bulletin of the European Economic Community August/September 1060 No 8/9, 5-13. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publicaitons of the European Communities 1960.
  • Lindner, Johannes, and Berthold Rittberger. "The Creation, Interpretation and Contestation of Institutions—Revisiting Historical Institutionalism." JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 41, no. 3 (2003): 445-73.
  • Mayer, Matthias M. "Governmental Preferences on Liberalising Economic Migration Policies at the Eu Level: Germany’s Domestic Politics, Foreign Policy, and Labour Market." London School of Economics and Political Science, 2011.
  • Neziroğlu, İrfan, and Tuncer Yılmaz. "Hükümetler, Programları Ve Genel Kurul Görüşmeleri." Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi, 2013.
  • Nose, Kazuhiro. "External Policy of the European Economic Community During the Association N Egotiations with Turkey (1959–63): Reconsidering the Origin of Eu-Turkey Relations." 国際公共政策研究 25, no. 1 (2020): 79-96.
  • Öniş, Z. "The Role of the European Union in Greek-Turkish Relations: Perpetuator of Conflict or Contributor to Peace?". In Greece and Turkey in the 21st Century: Conflict or Cooperation. A Political Economy Perspective, , edited by C. Kollias and G Günlük-Şenesen, 165-74. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2003.
  • Pesmazoglu, John. "The Meaning of the Athens Agreement." Bulletin of the European Economic Community. September-October 1962, no 9/10 (1962): 7-12.
  • Pierson, Paul. "Increasing Returns, Path Dependence, and the Study of Politics." American political science review 94, no. 2 (2000): 251-67.
  • ———. "The Limits of Design: Explaining Institutional Origins and Change." Governance 13, no. 4 (2000): 475-99.
  • ———. "The Path to European Integration:A Historical Institutionalist Analysis." Comparative Political Studies 29, no. 2 (1996): 123-63.
  • Pollack, Mark A. "The New Institutionalisms and European Integration." University of Hamburg, Faculty for Economics and Social Sciences, Department …, 2007.
  • Reiners, Wulf, and Ebru Turhan. Eu-Turkey Relations: Theories, Institutions, and Policies. Springer Nature, 2021.
  • Rey, Jean. "Adress by Jean Rey at the Signature of the Associaiton Agreement between Greece and the EEC (9 July 1961)." In Bullettin of the European Economic Communities. July/August 1961 No 7/8, 33-34. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publicaitons of the European Communities, 1961.
  • Saatçioğlu, Beken, Funda Tekin, Sinan Ekim, and Nathalie Tocci. "The Future of Eu-Turkey Relations: A Dynamic Association Framework Amidst Conflictual Cooperation." Istituto Affari Internazionali, 2019. Saraçoğlu, Tevfik. "Türkiye-Avrupa Ekonomik Topluluğu İlişkiler." Marmara Üniversitesi Avrupa Topluluğu Enstitüsü Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi 1, no. 1&2 (1992): 49-55.
  • Shlaim, Avi. "The Eec and Eastern Europe." Cambridge Books (2008).
  • Sofos, Spyros A. . "Reluctant Europeans? European Integration and the Transformation of Turkish Politics." In Europeanization and the Southern Periphery, edited by Kevin Featherstone and Geōrgios A. Kazamias, 243-60. London: Frank Cass, 2001.
  • Tsalicoglou, Iacovos S. Negotiating for Entry: The Accession of Greece to the European Community. Dartmouth Publishing Company, 1995.
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects European Union
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Zeynep Özde Ateşok 0000-0002-0773-7270

Early Pub Date July 15, 2023
Publication Date July 21, 2023
Submission Date December 5, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 22 Issue: 1

Cite

Chicago Ateşok, Zeynep Özde. “BACK TO THE ORIGINS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION - TURKEY RELATIONS: ESTABLISHMENT OF AN INSTITUTIONALIZED PATHWAY AND ITS SHORTCOMINGS”. Ankara Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi 22, no. 1 (July 2023): 1-34. https://doi.org/10.32450/aacd.1327000.