Nanokteknoloji/Nanopartikül, Çevre Ve Bal Arıları Arasındaki İlişki

Öz

Son yıllarda nanopartiküllerin sanayinin her alanında yaygın bir şekilde kullanılması ve artan üretim oranıyla birlikte gerek insan sağlığı üzerine etkileri gerekse çevre üzerine olan etkileri ülkemizde olduğu gibi dünya genelinde de endişe yaratmıştır. Bu nanopartiküllerin kullanılmadan önce toksiketkierinin ve çevredeki akıbetinin sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi için risk değerlendirilmesinin yapılması gerekmektedir. Nanotoksikoloji, nanopartikülllerden kaynaklanan sağlığa zararlı etkilerin açıklandığı toksikolojinin yeni bir dalı olarak ifade edilmektedir. Bu araştırmada bal arılarında bazı nanopartiküllerin titanyum dioksit, palladyum, platin ve bor nanopartiküllerinin bal arılarında toksik etkisiyle ilgili bilgi verilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bal arısı,nanopartikül,toksikoloji

Kaynakça

1. Aitken, R.J., Chaudhry, M.Q., Boxall, A.B.A., Hull, M., (2006). Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends. Occup. Med. 56, 300e306Biswas, P., Wu, W. C-Y. 2016. Nanoparticles and the Environment. SSN 1047-3289 J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 55:708–746.
2. Biswas, P., Wu, W. C-Y. (2016). Nanoparticles and the Environment. SSN 1047-3289 J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 55:708–746.
3. Budak GG, (2012) Gıda sektöründe nanoteknoloji ve insan sağlığı.
4. Capek, I. (2010). Nanosensors based on metal and composite nanoparticles and nanomaterials. Nanoscience and nanotechnologies. UNESCO EOLSS Publication.
5. Chang, M.C.O., Chow, J.C., Watson, J.G., Hopke, P.K., Yi, S.M., England, G.C. (2004). Measurement of Ultrafine Particle Size Distributions From Coal-, Oil-, and Gas-Fired Stationary Combustion Sources; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc., 54, 1494-1505.
6. Choi, H., Stathatos, E., Dionysiou, D.D. (2006). Sol-gel preparation of mesoporous photo catalytic TiO2 films and TiO2/Al2O3 composite membranes for environmental applications. Appl. Catal. BEnviron. 63, 60-67.
7. Crane, M., Handy, R.D., Garrod, J., Owen, R. (2008). Ecotoxicity test methods and environmental hazard assessment for engineered nanoparticles. Ecotoxicology, 17, 421-437.
8. Dağlıoğlu, Y., Kabakçı, D., Akdeniz D. (2015). Toxicity of Nano and non-nano Boron Particles on Apis mellifera (honey bee). Res. J. Chem. Env. Sci. Vol 3 [3] June 2015. 06-13.

9. Dağlıoğlu, Y., Kabakçı, D., Akdeniz D., Çelebi, M.S. (2015). Determining the acute toxic effects of Poly(vinylferrocenium) supported platinum nanoparticles (Pt/PVF+) on Apis mellifera. Mugla journal of science and technology, vol 2, no 2, pp.1-8.
10. Dağlıoğlu, Y., Önalan, Ş., Çelebi, S.M., Kabakçı, D., Akdeniz, G. (2015). The Evaluation of Toxic Effects of Poly(vinylferrocenium)-Supported Palladium NPS (Pd/PVF+) on Apis mellifera (Honey bee) ". International journal of development research. Vol. 5, Issue, 06, pp. 4577-4583.
11. Devillers, J, (2002). Acute toxicity pesticides to honey bee. In: Devillers, J, Pham-Delegue, MH,eds. Honey bees: estimating the environmental impact of chemicals, Taylor and Francis, London, pp 56-66.
12. Donaldson, K., Li, X.Y., MacNee, W. (1998).Ultrafine (Nanometre) Particle Mediated Lung Injury; J. Aero. Sci. 29, 553-560.
13. Ek, K.H. (2004). Morrison GM, Rauch S: Environmental routes for platinum group elements to biological materials – a review. Science of the Total Environment, 334–335, 21– 38. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.04.027.
14. Esterkin, C.R., Negro, A.C., Alfano, O.M., Cassano, A.E. (2005). Air pollution remediation in a fixed bed photocatalytic reactor coated with TiO2, AlChE J.51, 2298-2310.
15. Handy, R.D., Owen, R., Valsami-Jones, E. (2008). The ecotoxicology and chemistry of manufactured nanoparticles. Ecotoxicology 2008, 17, 287–314
16. Hogan, C.J., Lee, M.H., Biswas, P. (2004). Capture of Viral Particles in Soft X-Ray-Enhanced Corona Systems: Charge Distribution and Transport Characteristics; Aero. Sci. Technol. 38, 475-486.
17. Jakab, G.J., Risby, T.H., Hemenway, D.R. (1992). Use of Physical Chemistry and In Vivo Exposure to Investigate the Toxicity of Formaldehyde Bound to Carbonaceous Particles in the Murine Lung; Boston: Health Effects Institute, Report no. 53.
18. Kaste, P.J., Rice, B.M. (2004). Novel energetic materials for future force: the army pursues the next generation of propellant and explosives. The AMPTIAC Quarterly, 8 (2004) pp 84-90.
19. Kittelson, D.B. (1998). Engines and Nanoparticles: A Review; J. Aero. Sci. 1998, 29, 575-588.
20. Leopold, K., Maier, M., Weber, S., Schuster, M. (2008). Long-term study of palladium in road tunnel dust and sewage sludge ash.- Environmental Pollution 156, 341-347, 2008.
21. Liu X, Wazne M, Han Y, Christodoulatos C, Jasinkiewicz LK (2010). Effects of natural organic matter on aggregation kinetics of boron nanoparticles in monovalent and divalent electrolytes. Journal of colloid and interface science 348 pp 101-107.
22. McWilliams A. (2006). BBC Report highlights. nanotechnology: a realistic market assessment, http://www. Bcc research.com/report/NANO31B.html.accessed. Nagarajan, R. (2008). Nanoparticles: Building Blocks for Nanotechnology. Chapter DOI:10.1021/bk-2008-0996.ch001.
23. Özkan, Y., Irende, İ., Akdeniz, G., Kabakçı, D., Sökmen M. (2014). Evaluation of the Comparative Acute Toxic Effects of TiO2, Ag-TiO2 and ZnO-TiO2 Composite Nanoparticles on Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) J. Int. Environmental Application & Science, Vol. 10(1): 26-36.
24. Petersen MS, Petersen CC, Agger R, Sutmuller M, Jensen MçR, Sorensen PG, Mortensen MW, Hansen T, Bjornholm T, Gundersen HJ, Huiskamp R, Hokland M (2008). Boron nanoparticles inhibit tummour growth by boron neutron capture therapy in the murine B16-OVA model. Anticancer Res., 28 pp 571-576.
25. Risha GA, Evans B J, Boyer E, Wehrman RB, Kuo KK (2003). “Nano-sized aluminum and boron-based solid-fuel characterization” 39th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE joint propulsion conference and exhibit, Huntsville, AL.
26. Vincent, J.H.; Clement, C.F. (2000). Ultrafine Particles in Workplace Atmospheres; Philos. Trans. Royal Soc. Lond. Series a-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 358, 2673-2682.
27. Whitely, JD. and Murry, F. (2003). Anthropogenic platinum group element (Pt, Pd and Rh) concentrations in road dusts and roadside soils from Perth.- Western Australia, Sci Total Environ Dec 30; 317(1-3):121-35.
28. Zereini, F., C. Wieseman and W. Pütwann, (2007). Changes in palladium, platinum and rhodium concentrations and their spatial distribution in soils along a major highway in Germany from 1994 to 2004.- Environmental Science and Techology 41, 451-456, 2007.
29. Zhang, W.; Wang, C. (1997). Nanoscale Metal Particles for Dechlorination of PCE and PCBs; Environ. Sci. Technol. 1997, 31, 2154-2156.