PRACTICAL EVALUATION OF LIGHT POLLUTION PROBLEM IN URBAN LIGHTING WITH “DECISION TREE” METHOD

Abstract

Light pollution, which started in the late 20th century and spread more rapidly than predicted, is an environmental problem. Due to the increasing city life, urban lighting become essential to continue social daytime activities, such as entertainment, sports, shopping and transportation, at night. In addition to visual lighting, with the evolution of "the image of the city" concept, the lightening process of the components that constitute the perception of the city image has begun. Unplanned and uncontrolled urban lighting applications have increased by means of the capabilities provided by lighting technology and the increasing diversity of products in the lighting industry. Since light pollution is an interdisciplinary field in terms of its cause types and outcome effects, varied researches have been conducted on light pollution control techniques, and a number of standards or reports have been published by public authorities and international organizations. Today, light pollution control recommendations have increased and become more complex. A simplification of the subject is needed in order to evaluate the light pollution problem in urban lighting projects practically. The decision tree is a solution model that simplifies a problem by analyzing various alternatives through a graphic and the sequential evaluation of multiple decisions. The decision tree is a solution model that simplifies a problem involving a large number of factors, through the sequential evaluation of multiple decisions and using graphical support. In this study; forms of light pollution are explained, lighting principles and limit values that will reduce light pollution are reviewed in accordance with the standards and reports published by international organizations, and a practical guide that could be utilized in urban lighting projects is formed by using the "decision tree" developed in the light of this data. This study aims to contribute to increased architectural participation in solving the light pollution problem.

Keywords

• Light Pollution
• Urban Lighting
• Decision Tree

IŞIK KİRLİLİĞİ SORUNUNUN KENT AYDINLATMA PROJELERİNDE “KARAR AĞACI” YÖNTEMİ İLE PRATİK DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Abstract

Işık kirliliği; 20 yy’ın sonlarında başlayan ve öngörülenden hızlı bir şekilde ilerleyen çevresel bir sorundur. Artan kent hayatı sebebiyle kentlerin; eğlence, spor, alışveriş, ulaşım gibi gündüz işlevlerinin gece de devam etmesi toplumsal bir ihtiyaç haline gelmiştir. İşlevsel aydınlatmanın yanı sıra; “kent imajı” kavramının gelişmesi ile kent algısını oluşturan ögelerin aydınlatılması süreci başlamıştır. Aydınlatma teknolojisindeki gelişmelerin sunduğu imkanlar ve aydınlatma endüstrisindeki artan ürün çeşitliliği ile kent aydınlatma uygulamaları plansız ve kontrolsüz bir şekilde artmıştır. Bu sebeple; nedenleri ve sonuçları itibariyle interdisipliner bir alan olan ışık kirliliği önlemlerine yönelik çok yönlü araştırmalar yapılmış, kamu otoriteleri ve uluslararası organizasyonlar tarafından çok sayıda standart ve rapor yayınlanmıştır. Günümüzde, ışık kirliliği önlemlerine yönelik veriler artmış ve karmaşıklaşmıştır. Işık kirliliği sorununun kent aydınlatma projelerinde pratik bir şekilde değerlendirilebilmesi için konunun sadeleştirilmesine ihtiyaç vardır. Karar ağacı; çok sayıda değişkene bağlı bir problemi grafik desteği ile, birden fazla kararın ardışık değerlendirilmesi sonucu sadeleştirerek sonuca ulaştıran çözüm modelidir. Bu çalışmada; ışık kirliliği biçimleri açıklanmış, uluslararası kuruluşların yayınladığı standartlar ve raporlar doğrultusunda ışık kirliliğini azaltacak aydınlatma ilkeleri ve sınır değerler irdelenmiş ve bu bilgiler ışığında geliştirilen “karar ağacı” aracılığıyla kent aydınlatma projelerinde kullanılabilecek pratik bir rehber oluşturulmuştur. Yapılan çalışma ile; ışık kirliliği sorununun çözümüne yönelik mesleki katılımın artmasına katkı sunulması hedeflenmiştir.

Keywords

• Işık Kirliliği
• Kent Aydınlatma
• Karar Ağacı

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