Kitosanın fizikokimyasal özellikleri ve sağlık alanındaki uygulamaları

Abstract

Kitosan, yüksek kalitede bir yardımcı madde olarak birçok karaktere sahip olan polimerlerden biridir. Yüksek oranda kitin içeren kabuklu yan ürünlerinden kitin veya kitosan hazırlanmasına ilişkin mevcut çalışmalar, kitosan üretimi için endüstriyel hammadde olarak umut verici sonuçlar göstermiştir. Kaynağın düşük maliyeti endüstriyel ölçekte kitin üretimi için ekonomik olarak uygulanabilir bir kaynak olarak kullanılmasını göstermektedir. Kitosan ve türevleri tıp, eczacılık, biyoteknoloji, endüstri, tarım ve ticari araştırmalar gibi çeşitli alanlarda geniş bir uygulama yelpazesine sahiptir. Kitosan biyouyumluluğu, biyobozunurluğu, toksik olmaması, doğal kökeni ve biyolojik makromoleküllere benzerliği ile tıbbi ve endüstriyel uygulamalarda geniş yer bulmaktadır. Kitosanın yaygın olarak yer aldığı uygulamalar; oral, bukkal, nazal, transdermal, parenteral, vajinal, servikal, intrauterin ve rektal gibi çeşitli dozaj formları için farklı ilaç taşıyıcı sistemleri planlanması, gen terapisi, yara iyileşmesi ve yanıklar, doku mühendisliği, dermatoloji, oftalmoloji, diş hekimliği, biyosensörler ve biyo-görüntüleme, immobilize enzimler ve veterinerlikte yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, kitosanın bazı tıbbi uygulamaları üzerinde durulmuştur.

Keywords

• Kitosan
• Deasetilasyon
• Ekstraksiyon
• Sağlık uygulamaları

Physicochemical properties of chitosan and health applications

Abstract

Chitosan is one of the polymers with many characteristics as a high-quality excipient. Current studies on the preparation of chitin or chitosan from shellfish by-products with high chitin content have shown promising results as industrial raw materials for chitosan production. The low cost of the resource suggests its use as an economically viable source for chitin production on an industrial scale. Chitosan and its derivatives have a wide range of applications in various fields such as medicine, pharmacy, biotechnology, industry, agriculture, and commercial research. Chitosan is widely used in medical and industrial applications due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, natural origin, and similarity to biological macromolecules. The applications in which chitosan is widely used include planning different drug delivery systems for various dosage forms such as oral, buccal, nasal, transdermal, parenteral, vaginal, cervical, intrauterine, and rectal; gene therapy; wound healing and burns; tissue engineering; dermatology; ophthalmology; dentistry; biosensors and bioimaging; immobilized enzymes; and veterinary medicine. In this study, some medical applications of chitosan were emphasized.

Keywords

• Chitosan
• Deacetylation
• Extraction
• Health applications

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