Beslenme paradoksu: ultra-işlenmiş gıdaların biyolojik, davranışsal ve toplumsal yansımaları üzerine bir derleme

Abstract

Amaç: Bu derleme, ultra-işlenmiş gıdaların biyolojik, davranışsal ve toplumsal yansımalarını "Beslenme Paradoksu" çerçevesinde ele alarak, ultra-işlenmiş gıda tüketimini belirleyen mekanizmaları ve sağlık üzerindeki etkilerini bütüncül bir yaklaşımla değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Kapsam: Literatür taraması, ultra-işlenmiş gıda tüketiminin vücut ağırlığı artışı, metabolik mekanizmalar, psikolojik ve sosyal etkenler ile kronik hastalık riskleri üzerindeki etkilerini incelemiştir. Ayrıca NOVA sistemi gibi sınıflandırma yaklaşımları eleştirel bir perspektifle değerlendirilmiştir. Ana Temalar/Bulgular: Ultra-işlenmiş gıda tüketimi, hormonal dengesizlikler, bağırsak mikrobiyotası değişiklikleri, bağımlılık potansiyeli ve düşük sosyoekonomik durum gibi faktörlerle ilişkilidir. Kardiyovasküler hastalıklar, tip 2 diyabet, bazı kanser türleri, metabolik sendrom, mortalite riski ve depresyon gibi kronik hastalıklarla güçlü bağlantıları tespit edilmiştir. Tüketicinin, ultra-işlenmış gıdaların potansiyel zararlarını bilmesine rağmen ürüne yönelimi, ekonomik uygunluk, ulaşılabilirlik ve pazarlama stratejileri gibi etkenlerle açıklanmaktadır. Sonuç: Bu derleme, ultra-işlenmiş gıdaların yarattığı "Beslenme Paradoksu"nun üstesinden gelmek için multidisipliner müdahale stratejilerine acil ihtiyaç olduğunu göstermektedir. Bireysel çabalardan öte, gıda sistemlerinde köklü değişiklikler ve güçlü halk sağlığı politikaları gereklidir. Gelecek çalışmalar, beslenme ve psikopatoloji arasındaki kesişim noktalarına odaklanarak daha bütüncül yaklaşımlar geliştirmelidir.

Keywords

• Ultra-işlenmiş gıdalar
• beslenme Paradoksu
• kronik hastalıklar
• obezite
• halk sağlığı

The Nutrition Paradox: A Review on the Biological, Behavioral, and Societal Implications of Ultra Processed Foods

Abstract

Objective: This review aims to comprehensively evaluate the biological, behavioral, and societal implications of ultra-processed foods within the framework of the "Nutrition Paradox," assessing the mechanisms driving ultra-processed foods consumption and their health effects. Scope: The literature review examined the impact of ultra-processed foods consumption on weight gain, metabolic mechanisms, psychological and social determinants, and the risk of chronic diseases. Classification approaches like the NOVA system were critically appraised. Main Findings: Ultra-processed foods consumption is associated with hormonal imbalances, gut microbiota alterations, addictive potential, and socioeconomic factors. Strong links were identified between ultra-processed foods consumption and chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, various cancers, metabolic syndrome, mortality risk, and depression. Consumer inclination towards ultra-processed foods, despite awareness of potential harms, is explained by economic affordability, accessibility, and aggressive marketing strategies. Conclusion: This review demonstrates an urgent need for multidisciplinary intervention strategies to overcome the "Nutrition Paradox" created by ultra-processed foods. Beyond individual efforts, fundamental changes in food systems and robust public health policies are essential. Future research should focus on the intersection between nutrition and psychopathology to develop more holistic approaches.

Keywords

• Ultra-processed foods
• nutrition paradox
• chronic diseases
• obesity
• public health

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