The New Face of Terror: Biological Terror

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1-2, 97 - 106, 31.12.2021

Aybuke A. Isbır Turan

Öz

Terrorism is serially growing in global, threat the security of
world and rises the danger of bioterrorism. This mini review includes terror,
terrorism and the potential danger or treat of bioterrorism. And also
biological agents that could be sweated, last developments in novel technologies,
detecting and/or controlling the biological treat. Terror; an event
that been brought into action. Terrorism, on the other hand, describes the
method has followed to realize the strategy or ideology of terrorism to achieve
its religious, political or economic goals. The causes of terrorism are
very diverse. For example it can be economic, psychological, ethnic, geopolitical
and socio-cultural. The main types of terrorism; individual terrorism,
supranational terrorism, biological terrorism, narco-terrorism, counter-
state terrorism and global terrorism. Bioterrorism can be ideological,
religious, political or economic gain by individuals, groups or governments
and the use of biological agents cause disease or death among humanbeings,
many animals and plants. Underlying purpose is to use biological pathogens,
which have negative effects on people in particular and all living
things in general, as biological weapons. For example, during World War
II, Japanese forces tried various infectious diseases such as anthrax, plague
and smallpox on prisoners in Manchuria and caused deaths. Today, proxy
wars are taking place between terrorist structures and regular armies, and
the use of biological agents as a weapon is a very strong possibility. Two
concepts emerge here; biological warfare and bioterrorism. Attacks targeting
military structures are considered “biological warfare”and attacks targeting
civilians are considered “bioterrorism”.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Terror, Terrorism, Bioterrorism, Biological Warfare

Terörün Yeni Yüzü: Biyolojik Terör

Öz

Küresel terörizm hızla büyüyen ve aynı zamanda dünya güvenliğine
yönelik bir tehdittir ve biyoterörizm riskini artırmaktadır. Bu derlemede
terör, terörizm ve potansiyel biyoterörizm tehdidi tartışılmaktadır. Ayrıca
istismar edilebilecek ajanlar, teknolojilerdeki son gelişmeler ve kasıtlı olarak
başlatılan biyolojik tehlikenin tespiti ve kontrolünü de ele alınmaktadır.
Terör; eylem haline getirilmiş bir olay, terörizm ise terörün dini, siyasi veya
ekonomik amaçlarına ulaşma stratejisini veya ideolojisini gerçekleştirmek
için izlediği yöntemi anlatmaktadır. Terörizmin sebepleri etnik, psikolojik,
kültürel, ekonomik, jeopolitik ve sosyal çevre olmak üzere çok çeşitli olabilir.
Başlıca terör çeşitleri; bireysel terörizm, devlete karşı terörizm, ulusüstü
terörizm, biyolojik terörizm, narko-terörizm, ve küresel terörizmdir.
Biyoterörizm; kişiler, gruplar veya hükümetler tarafından ideolojik, dini,
politik veya ekonomik kazanç sağlamak için insanlar, hayvanlar ve bitkiler
arasında hastalığa ve/veya ölüme sebebiyet vermek amacıyla biyolojik
ajanların kasıtlı olarak kullanılması veya kullanılma tehdididir. Temelinde
yatan amaç; özelde insanların genelde ise tüm canlılarda olumsuz etkileri
olan biyolojik patojenleri, biyolojik silah şeklinde kullanmaktır. Örneğin
II. Dünya Savaşında Japon kuvvetleri, Mançurya’daki esirler üzerinde şarbon,
veba ve çiçek gibi kolayca yayılabilen çeşitli enfeksiyon hastalıklarını
deneyip ölümlerine neden olmuşlardır. Günümüzde terörist yapılar ile düzenli
ordular arasında vekâlet savaşları yaşanmaktadır ve silah olarak da
biyolojik ajanların kullanılması oldukça kuvvetli bir olasılıktır. Burada
karşımıza iki tane kavram çıkmaktadır. Bu kavramlar; biyolojik savaş ve
biyolojik terör yani biyoterörizmdir. Askeri yapılanmaları hedefleyen saldırılar
“biyolojik savaş”, sivil halkı hedefleyen saldırılar ise “biyoterörizm”
olarak kabul edilmektedir. Biyoterör eylemlerinin sebepleri; politik, dinsel,
fikirsel veya suç nedenli olabilir, kitlesel veya bireysel olarak planlanabilir
veya terörist faaliyetlerin dahilinde olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Terör, Terörizm, Biyoterör, Biyolojik Savaş

Kaynakça

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