A FORECAST ON THE POST-TRAUMATIC DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTHCARE WORKERS

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Trauma
• Traumatic Stress

A FORECAST ON THE POST-TRAUMATIC DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTHCARE WORKERS

Abstract

Traumatic events refer cases in which people come across with fear, helplessness, weakness, vulnerability. Along with traumatic events, a person experiences fear and helplessness in the extreme. During a traumatic event, the person may be irresistibly helpless. Some occupational groups are constantly confronted with traumatic events as a result of their work. Health workers, police officers, firefighters, civil defense forces and other some occupational groups encounter traumatic events because of their works. The purpose of this study is to determine the psychological problems experienced by emergency health workers and how they cope with these problems. For this purpose, "Hopelessness Scale, Locus of Control Scale, Problem Solving Inventory, Perceived Social Support Scale, Post-Traumatic Growth Scale, Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire, Post-Traumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale, Beck Depression Inventory" were used to determine psychological statements. The research was conducted in Erzincan city, which covers the employees of Mengücek Gazi Education-Research Hospital and Emergency Health Services Directorate of Private Neon Hospital. The sample was selected among the teams serving in the ambulances from the Emergency Health Services Branch Directorate. The scales sent to the stations were applied to a total of 400 emergency health workers.

Keywords

• Trauma
• Traumatic Stress
• Post-Traumatic Growth

References

1. Abramson, L. Y., Seligman, M. E. & Teasdale, J. D. (1978). Learned helplessness in humans; critique and reformulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87, 49-74.
2. Abramson, L. Y., Metalsky, G. I. & Alloy, L. B. (1988). The hopelessness theory of depression: Does the research test the theory? Ed. L. Y. Abramson. Social cognition and clinical psychology: A synthesis. New York: Guildford.
3. Abramson, L. Y., Metalsky, G. I. & Alloy, L. B. (1989). Hopelessnes depression: A theory based subtype of depression. Psychological Review, 96, 358-372.
4. Ali, T., Dunmore, E., Clark, D. & Ehlers, A. (2002). The role of negative beliefs in posttraumatic stress disorder: A comparison of assault victims and non victims. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 30, 249-257.
5. Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., Metalsky, G. I. & Hartledge, S. (1988). The hopelessness theory of depression: attributional aspects. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 27, 5-21.
6. Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği (1994). Mental bozuklukların tanısal ve sayımsal elkitabı, dördüncü baskı (DSM-IV). Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği, (Washington DC’den çeviren Köroğlu, E.). Ankara: Hekimler Yayın Birliği.
7. Antonovsky, A. (1987). Unrevealing the mystery of health: How people manage stress and stay well. San Fransico: Jossey-Bass.
8. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: the exercise of control. New York: W. H. Freeman.

9. Beck, A. T., Lesker, D. & Trexler, L. (1974). The measurement of pessimism: The Hopelessness Scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 861- 874.
10. Benight, C. C. (2004). Collective efficacy following a series of natural disasters. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 17, 401-420.
11. Benotsch E. G., Brailey, K., Vasterling, J. J., Uddo, M., Constans, J. I. & Sutker, P. B. (2000). War zone stress, personal and environmental resources, and PTSD symptoms in Gulf war veterans: a longitidunal prospective. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109, 205-213.
12. Bolstad, B. R. & Zinbarg, R. E. (1997). Sexual victimization, generalized perception of control, and posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 11, 523-540.
13. Bremner, J. D. (1999). Acute end chronic responses to psychological trauma: Where do we go from here? American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 349-351.
14. Bremner, J. D. ve Brett, E. (1997). Trauma-related dissociative states and long-term psychopathology in posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 10,37-49.
15. Brewin, C. R., Andrews, B. & Valentine, J. D. (2000). Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 748-766.
16. Brewin, C. R., Andrews, B., Rose, S., & Kirk, M. (1999). Acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder in victims of violent crime. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 360-366.
17. Brewin, C. R. & Holmes, E. A. (2003). Psychological theories of posttraumatic stress disorder. Clinical Psychology Review, 23, 339-376.
18. Brewin, C. R., Dalgleish, T. & Joseph, S. (1996). A dual representation theory of post traumatic stress disorder. Pychological Review, 103, 670-686.
19. Brewin, C. R. (2001). A cognitive neuroscience account of posttraumatic stress disorder and its treatment. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, 373, 393.
20. Brown, Mulhern & Joseph (2002). Incident-related stressors, locus of control, coping, and psychological distress among firefighters in Northern Ireland. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 15, 161-168.
21. Bryant, R. A. & Harvey, A. G. (1998). Traumatic memories and pseudomemories in posttraumatic stress disorder. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 12, 81-88.
22. Bryant, R. A. ve Harvey, A. G. (1997). Acute stres disorder: A critical review of diagnostic and theoretical issues. Clinical Psychology Review, 17, 757-773.
23. Bryant, R. A. ve Harvey, A. G. (1999). Acute stress disorder. A handbook of theory, assessment, and treatment. Washington DC: American Psychological Association.
24. Bryant, R. A. ve Harvey, A. G. (2003). Gender differences in the relationship between acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder following motor vehicle accidents. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 37, 226-229.
25. Calhoun, L. G. & Tedeschi, R. G. (1998). Posttraumatic growth: Future directions. Ed. R. G. Tedeschi, C. L. Park ve L. G. Calhoun. Posttraumatic growth: Positive changes in the aftermath of crisis. Mahwah. NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
26. Candel, I. & Merckelbach, H. (2004). Peritraumatic dissociation as a predictor of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: A critical review. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 45, 44-50.
27. Carr, V. J., Lewin, T. J. & Kenardy J. A. (1997). Psychological sequlea of the 1989 Newcastle earthquake: III. Role of vulnerability factors in post-disater morbidity. Psychological Medicine, 27, 179-190.
28. Clark, D. M. (1999). Anxiety disorders: Why they persist and how to treat them? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37, S5-S27.
29. Cohen, S. & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 77, 153-171.
30. Dağ, İ. (1991). Rotter’in İç-Dış Kontrol Odağı Ölçeği’nin (RİDKOÖ) üniversite öğrencileri için güvenirliği ve geçerliği. Psikoloji Dergisi, 7, 10-16.
31. Dağ, İ. (2002). Kontrol Odağı Ölçeği (KOÖ): Ölçek geliştirme, güvenirlik ve geçerlik çalışması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 17, 77-90.
32. Dakof, G. A. & Taylor, S. E. (1990). Victims’ perceptions of social support: What is helpful from whom? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 80-89.
33. Dalgleish, T. (1999). Cognitive theories of posttraumatic stress disorder. Ed. W. Yule, Post-traumatic stress disorders: concepts and therapy. Chichester: Wiley.
34. Damasio, A. R. (1999). Descartes’in yanılgısı. Varlık Yayınları. İstanbul
35. Diehl, A. S. & Prout, M. F. (2002). Effects of posttraumatic stress disorder and child sexual abuse on self-efficacy development. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry,72,262-265.