Research Article
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Species composition of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on domestic animals and their public health importance in Tamil Nadu, South India

Year 2021, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 16 - 21, 27.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.47121/acarolstud.766636

Abstract

This study was carried out in Madurai district, Tamil Nadu State, South India. Ticks were collected from cows, dogs, goats, cats, and fowls. The overall percentage of tick infestation in these domestic animals was 21.90%. The following ticks were identified: Amblyomma integrum, Haemaphysalis bispinosa, Haemaphysalis paraturturis, Haemaphysalis turturis, Haemaphysalis intermedia, Haemaphysalis spinigera, Hyalomma anatolicum, Hyalomma brevipunctata, Hyalomma kumari, Rhipicephalus turanicus, Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides and Rhipicephalus sanguineus. The predominant species recorded from these areas is R. sanguineus (27.03%) followed by both R (B.) microplus (24.12%) and R. (B.) decoloratus (18.82%). The maximum tick infestation rate was recorded in animals from rural areas (25.67%), followed by semi-urban (21.66%) and urban (16.05%) areas. This study proved the predominance of hard ticks as parasites on domestic animals and will help the public health personnel to understand the ground-level situation and to take up necessary control measures to prevent tick-borne diseases.

Supporting Institution

ICMR- Vector Control Research Centre, Indra Nagar, Puducherry, India

Thanks

Indian Council of Medical Research

References

  • Arthur, D.R. 1962. Ticks and disease. Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK, 445 pp.
  • Bandaranayaka, K.O., Apanaskevich, D.A. and Rajakaruna, R.S. 2016. Life cycle of Amblyomma integrum (Acari: Ixodidae) under laboratory conditions. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 69: 335-345. doi: 10.1007/s10493-016-0034-5
  • Barandika, J.F., Hurtado, A., Garcia-Esteban, C., Gil, H., Escudero, R., Barral, M., Jado, I., Juste, R.A., Anda, P. and Garcia-Perez, A.L. 2007. Tick-borne zoonotic bacteria in wild and domestic small mammals in Northern Spain. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 73 (19): 6166-6171. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00590-07
  • Brites-Neto, J., Roncato Duarte, K.M. and Martins, T.F. 2015. Tick-borne infections in human and animal population worldwide. Veterinary World 8 (3):301-315. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.301-315
  • Chhillar, S., Chhilar, J.S. and Kaur, H. 2014. Investigations on some hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting domestic buffalo and cattle from Haryana, India. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 2: 99-104.
  • Chochlakis, D., Loannou, I., Papadopoulos, B., Tselentis, Y. and Psaroulaki, A. 2014. Rhipicephalus turanicus: from low numbers to complete establishment in Cyprus. Its possible role as a bridge vector. Parasites & Vectors, 7: 8-11. doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-S1-P11
  • Dantas-Torresa, F., Martins, T.F., Munoz-Lealb, S., Onofrio, V.C. and Barros-Battesti, D.M. 2019. Ticks (Ixodida: Argasidae, Ixodidae) of Brazil: Updated species checklist and taxonomic keys. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 10 (6):1-45. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.06.012
  • Dhanda, V. and Ramachandrarao. T. 1964. A report on collection of ixodid ticks made in North East Fortier Agency India. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 52: 1139-1153.
  • Estrada-Pena, A. and Jongejan, F. 1999. Ticks feeding on humans: a review of records on human-biting Ixodoidea with special references to pathogen transmission. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 23: 685-715. doi: 10.1023/a:1006241108739
  • Gandhi, S., Dave, P., Patel, G.C., Khatri, H.J., Shah, N. and Mishra, U. 2011. An epidemiological investigation of a multisource outbreak of Congo Crimean Haemorrhagic fever (CCHF). Journal of Communicable Diseases, 43: 161-167.
  • Geevargheese, G. and Mishra, A.C. 2011. Haemaphysalis ticks of India. Elsevier, London, UK, 253 pp.
  • Geevarghese, G., Fernandes, S. and Kulkarani, S.M. 1997. A checklist of Indian ticks (Acari: Ixodidae). Indian Journal of Animal Science, 67: 566-574.
  • Geevarghese, G. and Dhanda, V. 1987. The Indian Hyalomma ticks (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India, 119 pp.
  • Ghosh, S., Azhahianambi, P. and Yadav, M.P. 2007. Upcom-ing and future strategies of tick control: a review. Journal of Vector Borne Diseases, 44: 79-89.
  • Guglielmone, A.A., Sánchez, M.E., Franco, L.G., Nava, S., Rueda, L.M. and Robbins, R.G. 2015. Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae). A non-profit open-access web portal for original descriptions of tick species (valid and invalid), dubious and uncertain names, and selected nomina nuda. Available http://rafaela.inta.gob.ar/nombresgarrapatas/ (Last accessed: 18 August 2020).
  • Jagannath, M.S., Muraleedharan, K. and Hiregoudar, L.S. 1979. Prevalence of ixodid ticks of cattle at Bangalore. Indian Journal of Animal Science, 49: 890-894.
  • Jagannath, M.S. and Lokesh, V.V. 1988. Incidence of ixodid ticks of sheep and goats in Kolar district. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 58: 72-76.
  • Kaul, H.N., Shetty, P.S., Ghalsasi, G.R. and Dhanda, V. 1990. Survey of ticks (Acarina: Ixodidae) for Crimean haem-orrhagic fever virus activity in Jammu and Kashmir state, India. Indian Journal of Medical Sciences, 91: 5-8.
  • Kumar, K., Balakrishnan, N., Katayal, R. and Gill, K.S. 2002. Prevalence of ixodid ticks in Nilgiri district of Tamil Nadu State (India). Journal of Communicable Diseases, 34: 124-127.
  • Kumar, K., Sexena, V.K. and Lal, S. 2008. Prevalence of vectors of scrub typhus, plague and KFD in district Shimoga, Karnataka state, India. In: Vector borne diseases: Epidemiology and control. Tyagi, B.K. (Ed.). Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, India, 205-211.
  • Latha, B.R., Aiyasami, S.S., Pattabiraman, G., Sivaraman, T. and Rajavelu, G. 2004. Seasonal activity of ticks on small ruminants in Tamil Nadu State, India. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 36: 121-133. doi: 10.1023/B:TROP.0000012108.42526.11
  • Liyanaarachchi, D.R., Rajakaruna, R.S., Dikkumbura, A.W. and Rajapakse, R.P.V.J. 2015. Ticks infesting wild and domestic animals and humans of Sri Lanka with new host records. Acta Tropica, 142: 64-70. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.11.001
  • Mehta, D.R. 1937. Studies on typhus in the Simla hills part viii ectoparasites of rats and shrews with special reference to their possible role in the transmission of typhus. Indian Journal of Medical Sciences, 25: 353-365.
  • Miranpuri, G.S. and Singh, J. 1978. Ticks and mites from domestic animals in Assam, India and their possible role in transmission of diseases. Indian Journal of Parasitology, 2: 11-14.
  • Parola, P. and Raoult, D. 2001. Ticks and tick borne bacterial diseases in humans: An emerging infectious threat. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 32: 897-928. doi: 10.1086/319347
  • Pattnaik, P. 2006. Kyasanur forest disease: an epidemiological view in India. Reviews in Medical Virology, 16: 151-165. doi: 10.1002/rmv.495
  • Prakasan, K. and Ramani, N. 2007. Tick parasites of domestic animals of Kerala, South India. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 2: 74-80. doi: 10.3923/ajava.2007.74.80
  • Saxena, V.K., Kaushal, K. and Rajagopal, R. 1984. Vertical distribution of ticks of domestic animals in Nilgiri hills (Tamil Nadu). Journal of Communicable Diseases, 16: 323-325.
  • Saxena, V.K. 1997. Ixodid ticks infesting rodents and sheep in diverse biotopes of South-India. Journal of Parasitology, 83: 766-767. doi: 10.2307/3284262
  • Sen, P. 1938. A checklist and host list of Ixodidae (ticks) occurring in India. Indian Journal of Veterinary Science Animal Husbandary, 8: 133-149.
  • Shanmugam, J., Smirnova, S.E. and Chumakov, M. P. 1976. Presence of antibody to arboviruses of the Crimean Haemorrhagic Fever Congo (CHF Congo) group in human beings and domestic animals in India. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 64: 1403-1413.
  • Sharrif, M. 1928. A revision of Indian Ixodidae with special reference to the collections in the Indian Museum. Records of the Indian Museum, 30: 217-344.
  • Shobana, G., Gunasekaran, C. and Lena, M. 2013. A survey on ticks parasites in domestic animals of Villupuram district, South India. Research Journal of Animal, Vet-erinary and Fishery Sciences, 1 (5): 21-23.
  • Ghosh, S. and Nagar, G. 2014. Problem of tick and tick borne disease in India with special emphasis progress in control research: a review. Journal of Vector Borne Diseases, 51: 259-270.
  • Tonetti, N., Berggoetz, M., Ruhle, C., Pretorius, A.M. and Gern, L. 2009. Ticks and tick-borne pathogens from wildlife in the Free State province. South Africa. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 45 (2): 437-446. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-45.2.437
  • Varma, R.N. and Mahadevan, B. 1970. Ixodid ticks collected in the Eastern Himalayas and their potential disease relationships. Indian Journal of Medical Science, 58 (6): 693-706.
  • Walker, A.R., Bouattour, A., Camicas, J.L., Estrada-Pena, A., Horak, I.G., Latif, A.A., Pegram, R.G. and Preston, P.M. 2003. Ticks of domestic animals in Africa: a guide to identification of species. Bioscience Reports, Edinburgh Scotland, UK, 221 pp.
Year 2021, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 16 - 21, 27.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.47121/acarolstud.766636

Abstract

References

  • Arthur, D.R. 1962. Ticks and disease. Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK, 445 pp.
  • Bandaranayaka, K.O., Apanaskevich, D.A. and Rajakaruna, R.S. 2016. Life cycle of Amblyomma integrum (Acari: Ixodidae) under laboratory conditions. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 69: 335-345. doi: 10.1007/s10493-016-0034-5
  • Barandika, J.F., Hurtado, A., Garcia-Esteban, C., Gil, H., Escudero, R., Barral, M., Jado, I., Juste, R.A., Anda, P. and Garcia-Perez, A.L. 2007. Tick-borne zoonotic bacteria in wild and domestic small mammals in Northern Spain. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 73 (19): 6166-6171. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00590-07
  • Brites-Neto, J., Roncato Duarte, K.M. and Martins, T.F. 2015. Tick-borne infections in human and animal population worldwide. Veterinary World 8 (3):301-315. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.301-315
  • Chhillar, S., Chhilar, J.S. and Kaur, H. 2014. Investigations on some hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting domestic buffalo and cattle from Haryana, India. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 2: 99-104.
  • Chochlakis, D., Loannou, I., Papadopoulos, B., Tselentis, Y. and Psaroulaki, A. 2014. Rhipicephalus turanicus: from low numbers to complete establishment in Cyprus. Its possible role as a bridge vector. Parasites & Vectors, 7: 8-11. doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-S1-P11
  • Dantas-Torresa, F., Martins, T.F., Munoz-Lealb, S., Onofrio, V.C. and Barros-Battesti, D.M. 2019. Ticks (Ixodida: Argasidae, Ixodidae) of Brazil: Updated species checklist and taxonomic keys. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 10 (6):1-45. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.06.012
  • Dhanda, V. and Ramachandrarao. T. 1964. A report on collection of ixodid ticks made in North East Fortier Agency India. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 52: 1139-1153.
  • Estrada-Pena, A. and Jongejan, F. 1999. Ticks feeding on humans: a review of records on human-biting Ixodoidea with special references to pathogen transmission. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 23: 685-715. doi: 10.1023/a:1006241108739
  • Gandhi, S., Dave, P., Patel, G.C., Khatri, H.J., Shah, N. and Mishra, U. 2011. An epidemiological investigation of a multisource outbreak of Congo Crimean Haemorrhagic fever (CCHF). Journal of Communicable Diseases, 43: 161-167.
  • Geevargheese, G. and Mishra, A.C. 2011. Haemaphysalis ticks of India. Elsevier, London, UK, 253 pp.
  • Geevarghese, G., Fernandes, S. and Kulkarani, S.M. 1997. A checklist of Indian ticks (Acari: Ixodidae). Indian Journal of Animal Science, 67: 566-574.
  • Geevarghese, G. and Dhanda, V. 1987. The Indian Hyalomma ticks (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India, 119 pp.
  • Ghosh, S., Azhahianambi, P. and Yadav, M.P. 2007. Upcom-ing and future strategies of tick control: a review. Journal of Vector Borne Diseases, 44: 79-89.
  • Guglielmone, A.A., Sánchez, M.E., Franco, L.G., Nava, S., Rueda, L.M. and Robbins, R.G. 2015. Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae). A non-profit open-access web portal for original descriptions of tick species (valid and invalid), dubious and uncertain names, and selected nomina nuda. Available http://rafaela.inta.gob.ar/nombresgarrapatas/ (Last accessed: 18 August 2020).
  • Jagannath, M.S., Muraleedharan, K. and Hiregoudar, L.S. 1979. Prevalence of ixodid ticks of cattle at Bangalore. Indian Journal of Animal Science, 49: 890-894.
  • Jagannath, M.S. and Lokesh, V.V. 1988. Incidence of ixodid ticks of sheep and goats in Kolar district. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 58: 72-76.
  • Kaul, H.N., Shetty, P.S., Ghalsasi, G.R. and Dhanda, V. 1990. Survey of ticks (Acarina: Ixodidae) for Crimean haem-orrhagic fever virus activity in Jammu and Kashmir state, India. Indian Journal of Medical Sciences, 91: 5-8.
  • Kumar, K., Balakrishnan, N., Katayal, R. and Gill, K.S. 2002. Prevalence of ixodid ticks in Nilgiri district of Tamil Nadu State (India). Journal of Communicable Diseases, 34: 124-127.
  • Kumar, K., Sexena, V.K. and Lal, S. 2008. Prevalence of vectors of scrub typhus, plague and KFD in district Shimoga, Karnataka state, India. In: Vector borne diseases: Epidemiology and control. Tyagi, B.K. (Ed.). Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, India, 205-211.
  • Latha, B.R., Aiyasami, S.S., Pattabiraman, G., Sivaraman, T. and Rajavelu, G. 2004. Seasonal activity of ticks on small ruminants in Tamil Nadu State, India. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 36: 121-133. doi: 10.1023/B:TROP.0000012108.42526.11
  • Liyanaarachchi, D.R., Rajakaruna, R.S., Dikkumbura, A.W. and Rajapakse, R.P.V.J. 2015. Ticks infesting wild and domestic animals and humans of Sri Lanka with new host records. Acta Tropica, 142: 64-70. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.11.001
  • Mehta, D.R. 1937. Studies on typhus in the Simla hills part viii ectoparasites of rats and shrews with special reference to their possible role in the transmission of typhus. Indian Journal of Medical Sciences, 25: 353-365.
  • Miranpuri, G.S. and Singh, J. 1978. Ticks and mites from domestic animals in Assam, India and their possible role in transmission of diseases. Indian Journal of Parasitology, 2: 11-14.
  • Parola, P. and Raoult, D. 2001. Ticks and tick borne bacterial diseases in humans: An emerging infectious threat. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 32: 897-928. doi: 10.1086/319347
  • Pattnaik, P. 2006. Kyasanur forest disease: an epidemiological view in India. Reviews in Medical Virology, 16: 151-165. doi: 10.1002/rmv.495
  • Prakasan, K. and Ramani, N. 2007. Tick parasites of domestic animals of Kerala, South India. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 2: 74-80. doi: 10.3923/ajava.2007.74.80
  • Saxena, V.K., Kaushal, K. and Rajagopal, R. 1984. Vertical distribution of ticks of domestic animals in Nilgiri hills (Tamil Nadu). Journal of Communicable Diseases, 16: 323-325.
  • Saxena, V.K. 1997. Ixodid ticks infesting rodents and sheep in diverse biotopes of South-India. Journal of Parasitology, 83: 766-767. doi: 10.2307/3284262
  • Sen, P. 1938. A checklist and host list of Ixodidae (ticks) occurring in India. Indian Journal of Veterinary Science Animal Husbandary, 8: 133-149.
  • Shanmugam, J., Smirnova, S.E. and Chumakov, M. P. 1976. Presence of antibody to arboviruses of the Crimean Haemorrhagic Fever Congo (CHF Congo) group in human beings and domestic animals in India. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 64: 1403-1413.
  • Sharrif, M. 1928. A revision of Indian Ixodidae with special reference to the collections in the Indian Museum. Records of the Indian Museum, 30: 217-344.
  • Shobana, G., Gunasekaran, C. and Lena, M. 2013. A survey on ticks parasites in domestic animals of Villupuram district, South India. Research Journal of Animal, Vet-erinary and Fishery Sciences, 1 (5): 21-23.
  • Ghosh, S. and Nagar, G. 2014. Problem of tick and tick borne disease in India with special emphasis progress in control research: a review. Journal of Vector Borne Diseases, 51: 259-270.
  • Tonetti, N., Berggoetz, M., Ruhle, C., Pretorius, A.M. and Gern, L. 2009. Ticks and tick-borne pathogens from wildlife in the Free State province. South Africa. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 45 (2): 437-446. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-45.2.437
  • Varma, R.N. and Mahadevan, B. 1970. Ixodid ticks collected in the Eastern Himalayas and their potential disease relationships. Indian Journal of Medical Science, 58 (6): 693-706.
  • Walker, A.R., Bouattour, A., Camicas, J.L., Estrada-Pena, A., Horak, I.G., Latif, A.A., Pegram, R.G. and Preston, P.M. 2003. Ticks of domestic animals in Africa: a guide to identification of species. Bioscience Reports, Edinburgh Scotland, UK, 221 pp.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Structural Biology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Krishnamoorthi Ranganathan This is me

Govindarajan Renu This is me

Elango Ayyanar This is me

Rajamannar Veeramanoharan This is me

Philip Samuel Paulraj 0000-0001-6476-1544

Publication Date January 27, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 3 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Ranganathan, K., Renu, G., Ayyanar, E., Veeramanoharan, R., et al. (2021). Species composition of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on domestic animals and their public health importance in Tamil Nadu, South India. Acarological Studies, 3(1), 16-21. https://doi.org/10.47121/acarolstud.766636
AMA Ranganathan K, Renu G, Ayyanar E, Veeramanoharan R, Paulraj PS. Species composition of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on domestic animals and their public health importance in Tamil Nadu, South India. Acarol. Stud. January 2021;3(1):16-21. doi:10.47121/acarolstud.766636
Chicago Ranganathan, Krishnamoorthi, Govindarajan Renu, Elango Ayyanar, Rajamannar Veeramanoharan, and Philip Samuel Paulraj. “Species Composition of Hard Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on Domestic Animals and Their Public Health Importance in Tamil Nadu, South India”. Acarological Studies 3, no. 1 (January 2021): 16-21. https://doi.org/10.47121/acarolstud.766636.
EndNote Ranganathan K, Renu G, Ayyanar E, Veeramanoharan R, Paulraj PS (January 1, 2021) Species composition of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on domestic animals and their public health importance in Tamil Nadu, South India. Acarological Studies 3 1 16–21.
IEEE K. Ranganathan, G. Renu, E. Ayyanar, R. Veeramanoharan, and P. S. Paulraj, “Species composition of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on domestic animals and their public health importance in Tamil Nadu, South India”, Acarol. Stud., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 16–21, 2021, doi: 10.47121/acarolstud.766636.
ISNAD Ranganathan, Krishnamoorthi et al. “Species Composition of Hard Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on Domestic Animals and Their Public Health Importance in Tamil Nadu, South India”. Acarological Studies 3/1 (January 2021), 16-21. https://doi.org/10.47121/acarolstud.766636.
JAMA Ranganathan K, Renu G, Ayyanar E, Veeramanoharan R, Paulraj PS. Species composition of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on domestic animals and their public health importance in Tamil Nadu, South India. Acarol. Stud. 2021;3:16–21.
MLA Ranganathan, Krishnamoorthi et al. “Species Composition of Hard Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on Domestic Animals and Their Public Health Importance in Tamil Nadu, South India”. Acarological Studies, vol. 3, no. 1, 2021, pp. 16-21, doi:10.47121/acarolstud.766636.
Vancouver Ranganathan K, Renu G, Ayyanar E, Veeramanoharan R, Paulraj PS. Species composition of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on domestic animals and their public health importance in Tamil Nadu, South India. Acarol. Stud. 2021;3(1):16-21.

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