Research Note
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Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 144 - 147, 31.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.47121/acarolstud.1743293

Abstract

References

  • Álvarez-Robles, E., Fuentes-Rousselin, H., Meoño-Sánchez, E., Recinos-Donis, R., Figueroa, L. and Guerra-Centeno, D. 2018. Preliminary study of external parasites of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from the natural reserve of the Parachute Brigade, San José, Escuintla Guatemala. REDVET, 19. [In Spanish]
  • Baumgarten, A. and Williamson, G.B. 2007. The distributions of howling monkeys (Alouatta pigra and A. palliata) in southeastern Mexico and Central America. Primates 48 (4): 310-315. doi: 10.1007/s10329-007-0049-y
  • Bermúdez, C.S., Apanaskevich, D., Domínguez, L., Guglielmone, A. (Eds), 2018. Garrapatas Ixodidae de Panama. Biblioteca Nacional, City of Panama, Panama, 129 pp. [In Spanish]
  • Bermúdez, C.S., Domínguez, A.L., Troyo, A., Montenegro, H.V.M. and Venzal, J.M. 2022. Ticks infesting humans in Central America: A review of their relevance in public health. Current Research in Parasitology and Vector-Borne Diseases, 2: 100065. doi: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2021.100065
  • CONAP. 2015. Plan Maestro de la Reserva de la Biósfera Maya, Segunda Actualización. Vol. I. Consejo Nacional de Áreas Protegidas, Guatemala, 314 pp. [In Spanish]
  • Cortés-Ortiz, L., Bermingham, E., Rico, C., Rodríguez-Luna, E., Sampaio, I. and Ruiz-García, M. 2003. Molecular systematics and biogeography of the Neotropical monkey genus, Alouatta. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 26 (1): 64-81. doi: 10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00308-1
  • Düttmann, C., Flores, B., Kadoch Z, N. and Bermúdez, C.S. 2016. Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of livestock in Nicaragua, with notes about distribution. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 70 (1): 125-135. doi: 10.1007/s10493-016-0059-9
  • Estrada-Peña, A., Mallón, A.R., Bermúdez, S., la Fuente, J. de, Domingos, A., et al., 2022. One health approach to identify research needs on Rhipicephalus microplus ticks in the Americas. Pathogens, 11 (10): 1180. doi: 10.3390/pathogens11101180
  • Galán-Acedo, C., Arasa-Gisbert, R., Arroyo-Rodríguez, V., Martínez-Ruiz, M., Rosete-Vergés, F.A. and Villalobos, F. 2023. Effects of habitat loss on Brazilian primates: assessing extinction thresholds in the Amazon and Atlantic Forest. Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation, 21 (2): 189-195. doi: 10.1016/j.pecon.2023.05.001
  • Guglielmone, A.A., Nava, S. and Robbins, R.G. 2021. Neotropical hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae): A critical analysis of their taxonomy, distribution, and host relationships. Springer, Switzerland, 486 pp. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-72353-8
  • Guglielmone, A.A. and Robbins, R.G. 2018. Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) parasitizing humans. A global overview. Springer, Switzerland. 314 pp. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-95552-0
  • IICA. 1988. Estudio ecológico y epidemiológico de garrapatas en Guatemala. Instituto Interamericano de Cooperación para la Agricultura, 43 pp. [In Spanish]
  • INE. 2005. Número de fincas censales, existencia animal, producción pecuaria y características complementarias de la finca censal y del productor(a) agropecuario. Vol. IV. Censo Nacional Agropecuario, Guatemala, 345 pp. [In Spanish]
  • Klass, K., Van Belle, S., Campos-Villanueva, A., Mercado Malabet, F., Estrada, A. 2020. Effects of variation in forest fragment habitat on black howler monkey demography in the unprotected landscape around Palenque National Park, Mexico. PeerJ, 8: e9694. doi: 10.7717/peerj.9694
  • Kowalewski, M.M. and Raño, M. 2017. Howler Monkey (Alouatta). The International Encyclopedia of Primatology, 1-3. doi: 10.1002/9781119179313.wbprim0184
  • Labruna, M.B. and Guglielmone, A.A. 2009. Ticks of new world tapirs. Tapir Conservation, 18 (25): 21-28.
  • Labruna, M.B., Jorge, R.S.P., Sana, D.A., Jácomo, A.T.A., Kashivakura, C.K., et al. 2005. Ticks (Acari: Ixodida) on wild carnivores in Brazil. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 36: 149-163. doi: 10.1007/s10493-005-2563-1
  • Lima, F.R. de, Martins, T.F., Castro, P.H.G. de, Souza Júnior, J.C. de, Felippi, D.A., et al. 2023. New records of Amblyomma ticks parasitizing neotropical primates in Brazil. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 14 (4): 102169. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102169
  • MAPA. 2023. Ficha de Análisis por Sectores, Guatemala - Fichas del país. Guatemala, 8 pp. [In Spanish]
  • Martins, T.F., Teixeira, R.H.F., Souza, J.C., Luz, H.R., Montenegro, M.M., et al. 2021. Ticks (Parasitiformes: Ixodida) on new world wild primates in Brazil. International Journal of Acarology, 47 (2): 95-106. doi: 10.1080/01647954.2020.1870554
  • Pereira, D.F.S., Ribeiro, H.S., Gonçalves, A.A.M., Silva, A.V. da, Lair, D.F., et al. 2022. Rhipicephalus microplus: An overview of vaccine antigens against the cattle tick. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 13 (1): 101828. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101828
  • Repullés, K. and Galán-Acedo, C. 2025. Effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on the occurrence of Alouatta guariba in Brazil. Land, 14 (3): 490. doi: 10.3390/land14030490
  • Rodas, A., Monterroso, I. and Stoian, D. 2021. Dinámicas productivas en torno al cambio de uso del suelo y sus repercusiones en la Reserva de Biósfera Maya (RBM) en Petén, Guatemala. The Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor, Indonesia & World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya, 43 pp. [In Spanish]
  • Rojas Zapata, M.A., Rúa Gomez, M.A., Sepúlveda Correa, M., Echeverri Alzate, S., et al., 2022. Presencia de la garrapata Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus en municipios seleccionados del Altiplano Norte de Antioquia. Sinergia, 1 (12): 34-45. [In Spanish]
  • SCEP. 2023. Informe de transición 2023-2024: carta de navegación municipal Melchor de Mencos, Petén, Guatemala, 95 pp. [In Spanish]
  • Solórzano-García, B., Zubillaga, D., Piñero, D. and Vázquez-Domínguez, E. 2021. Conservation implications of living in forest remnants: Inbreeding and genetic structure of the northernmost mantled howler monkeys. Biotropica, 53 (4): 1163-1177. doi: 10.1111/btp.12958
  • Schott, D., Ribeiro, P.R., Souza, V.K. de, Surita, L.E., Amorim, D.B. et al. 2020. Clinical and pathological aspects of first report of Tunga penetrans infestation on southern brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans) in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Journal of Medical Primatology, 49 (6): 315-321. doi: 10.1111/jmp.12491
  • Teglas, M., Matern, E., Lein, S., Foley, P., Mahan, S.M. and Foley, J. 2005. Ticks and tick-borne disease in Guatemalan cattle and horses. Veterinary Parasitology, 131 (1-2): 119-127. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.04.033
  • Vázquez-Domínguez, E., Solórzano-García, B., Reyes-Vázquez, M. and Zubillaga-Martín, D. 2025. Population genetics and evolutionary history of the black howler monkey Alouatta pigra and hybrid populations in Mexico. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 13: 1551979. doi: 10.3389/fevo.2025.1551979
  • Vecino Cortés, J.A., Betancourt Echeverri, J.A., Cárdenas Argüelles, J. and Pulido Herrera, A.L. 2010. Distribution of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks on cattle and farms from Altiplano Cundiboyacense (Colombia). Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria, 11 (1): 73-84. [In Spanish] doi: 10.21930/rcta.vol11_num1_art:197
  • Van Belle, S. and Estrada, A. 2006. Demographic features of Alouatta pigra populations in extensive and fragmented forests. In: New perspectives in the study of Mesoamerican primates: distribution, ecology, behavior, and conservation. Barrett, L. (Ed.). Springer, Boston, USA, 121-142.
  • Zimmermann, N.P., Aguirre, A.D.A.R., Rodrigues, V.D.S., Garcia, M.V., Medeiros, J.F., et al. 2018. Wildlife species, Ixodid fauna and new host records for ticks in an Amazon forest area, Rondônia, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, 27: 177-182. doi: 10.1590/s1984-296120180022

A rare case of Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) infestation on a Black Howler Monkey (Alouatta pigra) (Primates: Atelidae) in Petén, Guatemala

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 144 - 147, 31.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.47121/acarolstud.1743293

Abstract

Rhipicephalus microplus is a globally significant one-host tick that primarily infests cattle. In the Neotropics, this species has been reported on various wild mammals—such as cervids, tapirs, rodents, bats, carnivores and primates—as well as occasionally from humans. Here we report a rare case of R. microplus infestation in a rescued black howler (Alouatta pigra) from Melchor de Mencos, Petén, Guatemala. This tick-host association, documented at the ARCAS Wildlife Rescue Centre, highlights the expanding host range of R. microplus and emphasises the importance of continued surveillance regarding its health consequences in wildlife, zoonotic potential, and host adaptability.

Ethical Statement

Not applicable.

Supporting Institution

This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

Thanks

We thank the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) for their technical support through the Selva Maya Program. We also extend our gratitude to Publio Gonzalez (Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama) for his assistance and guidance in the preparation of the map.

References

  • Álvarez-Robles, E., Fuentes-Rousselin, H., Meoño-Sánchez, E., Recinos-Donis, R., Figueroa, L. and Guerra-Centeno, D. 2018. Preliminary study of external parasites of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from the natural reserve of the Parachute Brigade, San José, Escuintla Guatemala. REDVET, 19. [In Spanish]
  • Baumgarten, A. and Williamson, G.B. 2007. The distributions of howling monkeys (Alouatta pigra and A. palliata) in southeastern Mexico and Central America. Primates 48 (4): 310-315. doi: 10.1007/s10329-007-0049-y
  • Bermúdez, C.S., Apanaskevich, D., Domínguez, L., Guglielmone, A. (Eds), 2018. Garrapatas Ixodidae de Panama. Biblioteca Nacional, City of Panama, Panama, 129 pp. [In Spanish]
  • Bermúdez, C.S., Domínguez, A.L., Troyo, A., Montenegro, H.V.M. and Venzal, J.M. 2022. Ticks infesting humans in Central America: A review of their relevance in public health. Current Research in Parasitology and Vector-Borne Diseases, 2: 100065. doi: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2021.100065
  • CONAP. 2015. Plan Maestro de la Reserva de la Biósfera Maya, Segunda Actualización. Vol. I. Consejo Nacional de Áreas Protegidas, Guatemala, 314 pp. [In Spanish]
  • Cortés-Ortiz, L., Bermingham, E., Rico, C., Rodríguez-Luna, E., Sampaio, I. and Ruiz-García, M. 2003. Molecular systematics and biogeography of the Neotropical monkey genus, Alouatta. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 26 (1): 64-81. doi: 10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00308-1
  • Düttmann, C., Flores, B., Kadoch Z, N. and Bermúdez, C.S. 2016. Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of livestock in Nicaragua, with notes about distribution. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 70 (1): 125-135. doi: 10.1007/s10493-016-0059-9
  • Estrada-Peña, A., Mallón, A.R., Bermúdez, S., la Fuente, J. de, Domingos, A., et al., 2022. One health approach to identify research needs on Rhipicephalus microplus ticks in the Americas. Pathogens, 11 (10): 1180. doi: 10.3390/pathogens11101180
  • Galán-Acedo, C., Arasa-Gisbert, R., Arroyo-Rodríguez, V., Martínez-Ruiz, M., Rosete-Vergés, F.A. and Villalobos, F. 2023. Effects of habitat loss on Brazilian primates: assessing extinction thresholds in the Amazon and Atlantic Forest. Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation, 21 (2): 189-195. doi: 10.1016/j.pecon.2023.05.001
  • Guglielmone, A.A., Nava, S. and Robbins, R.G. 2021. Neotropical hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae): A critical analysis of their taxonomy, distribution, and host relationships. Springer, Switzerland, 486 pp. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-72353-8
  • Guglielmone, A.A. and Robbins, R.G. 2018. Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) parasitizing humans. A global overview. Springer, Switzerland. 314 pp. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-95552-0
  • IICA. 1988. Estudio ecológico y epidemiológico de garrapatas en Guatemala. Instituto Interamericano de Cooperación para la Agricultura, 43 pp. [In Spanish]
  • INE. 2005. Número de fincas censales, existencia animal, producción pecuaria y características complementarias de la finca censal y del productor(a) agropecuario. Vol. IV. Censo Nacional Agropecuario, Guatemala, 345 pp. [In Spanish]
  • Klass, K., Van Belle, S., Campos-Villanueva, A., Mercado Malabet, F., Estrada, A. 2020. Effects of variation in forest fragment habitat on black howler monkey demography in the unprotected landscape around Palenque National Park, Mexico. PeerJ, 8: e9694. doi: 10.7717/peerj.9694
  • Kowalewski, M.M. and Raño, M. 2017. Howler Monkey (Alouatta). The International Encyclopedia of Primatology, 1-3. doi: 10.1002/9781119179313.wbprim0184
  • Labruna, M.B. and Guglielmone, A.A. 2009. Ticks of new world tapirs. Tapir Conservation, 18 (25): 21-28.
  • Labruna, M.B., Jorge, R.S.P., Sana, D.A., Jácomo, A.T.A., Kashivakura, C.K., et al. 2005. Ticks (Acari: Ixodida) on wild carnivores in Brazil. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 36: 149-163. doi: 10.1007/s10493-005-2563-1
  • Lima, F.R. de, Martins, T.F., Castro, P.H.G. de, Souza Júnior, J.C. de, Felippi, D.A., et al. 2023. New records of Amblyomma ticks parasitizing neotropical primates in Brazil. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 14 (4): 102169. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102169
  • MAPA. 2023. Ficha de Análisis por Sectores, Guatemala - Fichas del país. Guatemala, 8 pp. [In Spanish]
  • Martins, T.F., Teixeira, R.H.F., Souza, J.C., Luz, H.R., Montenegro, M.M., et al. 2021. Ticks (Parasitiformes: Ixodida) on new world wild primates in Brazil. International Journal of Acarology, 47 (2): 95-106. doi: 10.1080/01647954.2020.1870554
  • Pereira, D.F.S., Ribeiro, H.S., Gonçalves, A.A.M., Silva, A.V. da, Lair, D.F., et al. 2022. Rhipicephalus microplus: An overview of vaccine antigens against the cattle tick. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 13 (1): 101828. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101828
  • Repullés, K. and Galán-Acedo, C. 2025. Effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on the occurrence of Alouatta guariba in Brazil. Land, 14 (3): 490. doi: 10.3390/land14030490
  • Rodas, A., Monterroso, I. and Stoian, D. 2021. Dinámicas productivas en torno al cambio de uso del suelo y sus repercusiones en la Reserva de Biósfera Maya (RBM) en Petén, Guatemala. The Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor, Indonesia & World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya, 43 pp. [In Spanish]
  • Rojas Zapata, M.A., Rúa Gomez, M.A., Sepúlveda Correa, M., Echeverri Alzate, S., et al., 2022. Presencia de la garrapata Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus en municipios seleccionados del Altiplano Norte de Antioquia. Sinergia, 1 (12): 34-45. [In Spanish]
  • SCEP. 2023. Informe de transición 2023-2024: carta de navegación municipal Melchor de Mencos, Petén, Guatemala, 95 pp. [In Spanish]
  • Solórzano-García, B., Zubillaga, D., Piñero, D. and Vázquez-Domínguez, E. 2021. Conservation implications of living in forest remnants: Inbreeding and genetic structure of the northernmost mantled howler monkeys. Biotropica, 53 (4): 1163-1177. doi: 10.1111/btp.12958
  • Schott, D., Ribeiro, P.R., Souza, V.K. de, Surita, L.E., Amorim, D.B. et al. 2020. Clinical and pathological aspects of first report of Tunga penetrans infestation on southern brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans) in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Journal of Medical Primatology, 49 (6): 315-321. doi: 10.1111/jmp.12491
  • Teglas, M., Matern, E., Lein, S., Foley, P., Mahan, S.M. and Foley, J. 2005. Ticks and tick-borne disease in Guatemalan cattle and horses. Veterinary Parasitology, 131 (1-2): 119-127. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.04.033
  • Vázquez-Domínguez, E., Solórzano-García, B., Reyes-Vázquez, M. and Zubillaga-Martín, D. 2025. Population genetics and evolutionary history of the black howler monkey Alouatta pigra and hybrid populations in Mexico. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 13: 1551979. doi: 10.3389/fevo.2025.1551979
  • Vecino Cortés, J.A., Betancourt Echeverri, J.A., Cárdenas Argüelles, J. and Pulido Herrera, A.L. 2010. Distribution of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks on cattle and farms from Altiplano Cundiboyacense (Colombia). Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria, 11 (1): 73-84. [In Spanish] doi: 10.21930/rcta.vol11_num1_art:197
  • Van Belle, S. and Estrada, A. 2006. Demographic features of Alouatta pigra populations in extensive and fragmented forests. In: New perspectives in the study of Mesoamerican primates: distribution, ecology, behavior, and conservation. Barrett, L. (Ed.). Springer, Boston, USA, 121-142.
  • Zimmermann, N.P., Aguirre, A.D.A.R., Rodrigues, V.D.S., Garcia, M.V., Medeiros, J.F., et al. 2018. Wildlife species, Ixodid fauna and new host records for ticks in an Amazon forest area, Rondônia, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, 27: 177-182. doi: 10.1590/s1984-296120180022
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Conservation and Biodiversity, Veterinary Parasitology
Journal Section Research Note
Authors

Irena Dione Méndez 0009-0005-7085-9130

Sergio Alejandro Morales This is me 0009-0002-8107-8143

Jorge David Morán 0000-0001-9344-8602

Lillian Dominguez 0000-0003-4636-5876

Sergio Bermudez Castillero 0000-0003-1830-3133

Publication Date July 31, 2025
Submission Date July 15, 2025
Acceptance Date July 23, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Méndez, I. D., Morales, S. A., Morán, J. D., … Dominguez, L. (2025). A rare case of Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) infestation on a Black Howler Monkey (Alouatta pigra) (Primates: Atelidae) in Petén, Guatemala. Acarological Studies, 7(2), 144-147. https://doi.org/10.47121/acarolstud.1743293
AMA Méndez ID, Morales SA, Morán JD, Dominguez L, Bermudez Castillero S. A rare case of Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) infestation on a Black Howler Monkey (Alouatta pigra) (Primates: Atelidae) in Petén, Guatemala. Acarol. Stud. July 2025;7(2):144-147. doi:10.47121/acarolstud.1743293
Chicago Méndez, Irena Dione, Sergio Alejandro Morales, Jorge David Morán, Lillian Dominguez, and Sergio Bermudez Castillero. “A Rare Case of Rhipicephalus Microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) Infestation on a Black Howler Monkey (Alouatta Pigra) (Primates: Atelidae) in Petén, Guatemala”. Acarological Studies 7, no. 2 (July 2025): 144-47. https://doi.org/10.47121/acarolstud.1743293.
EndNote Méndez ID, Morales SA, Morán JD, Dominguez L, Bermudez Castillero S (July 1, 2025) A rare case of Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) infestation on a Black Howler Monkey (Alouatta pigra) (Primates: Atelidae) in Petén, Guatemala. Acarological Studies 7 2 144–147.
IEEE I. D. Méndez, S. A. Morales, J. D. Morán, L. Dominguez, and S. Bermudez Castillero, “A rare case of Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) infestation on a Black Howler Monkey (Alouatta pigra) (Primates: Atelidae) in Petén, Guatemala”, Acarol. Stud., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 144–147, 2025, doi: 10.47121/acarolstud.1743293.
ISNAD Méndez, Irena Dione et al. “A Rare Case of Rhipicephalus Microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) Infestation on a Black Howler Monkey (Alouatta Pigra) (Primates: Atelidae) in Petén, Guatemala”. Acarological Studies 7/2 (July2025), 144-147. https://doi.org/10.47121/acarolstud.1743293.
JAMA Méndez ID, Morales SA, Morán JD, Dominguez L, Bermudez Castillero S. A rare case of Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) infestation on a Black Howler Monkey (Alouatta pigra) (Primates: Atelidae) in Petén, Guatemala. Acarol. Stud. 2025;7:144–147.
MLA Méndez, Irena Dione et al. “A Rare Case of Rhipicephalus Microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) Infestation on a Black Howler Monkey (Alouatta Pigra) (Primates: Atelidae) in Petén, Guatemala”. Acarological Studies, vol. 7, no. 2, 2025, pp. 144-7, doi:10.47121/acarolstud.1743293.
Vancouver Méndez ID, Morales SA, Morán JD, Dominguez L, Bermudez Castillero S. A rare case of Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) infestation on a Black Howler Monkey (Alouatta pigra) (Primates: Atelidae) in Petén, Guatemala. Acarol. Stud. 2025;7(2):144-7.

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