Retrospective analysis of quality of life in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss

Abstract

Aim: Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) is the unfortunate experience of rapid hearing loss and may affect patients’ quality of life at different levels. The study’s purpose is to measure how individuals were affected socially, psychologically, and mentally after they experienced ISSNHL. Methods: This study was designed as a cross-sectional study with archive research and included patients who were diagnosed with ISSNHL between 2015 and 2020. Patients were asked to answer the Short Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire form via tele-conversation. According to pure tone audiometry tests performed after treatment, patients were divided into two groups: “completely recovered” (<20 dB) and “partially recovered” (thresholds remained >20 dB). Mean scores of SF-36 quality of life subcategories were analyzed for each group. Results: The patients included 48 (58.5%) males and 34 (41.5%) females. As a result of the analyses, there were significant differences in physical functioning (p=0.046), vitality (p=0.049), and general health scores (p=0.038) between the two groups after the ISSNHL treatment. Although the mean scores of patients who were completely recovered were higher, no significant difference was found in the physical-role (p=0.125), emotional-role (p>0.05), mental health (p>0.05), bodily pain (p=0.48), and social role (p=0.713) subcategory scores between the two groups. Conclusion: Our results showed that successful treatment and recovery prevented all kinds of the disease's potential physical and mental complications. Morbidity effects were felt by patients with somewhat more serious problems and could not make a full recovery.

Keywords

• Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss
• Quality of life
• General health
• Short Form 36

Ani idiopatik sensorinöral işitme kaybı olan hastalardaki yaşam kalitesinin retrospektif analizi

Öz

Amaç: Ani idiyopatik sensörinöral işitme kaybı (AİK), işitme kaybının hızla gerçekleştiği ve bireylerin yaşam kaliteleri üzerinde değişken seviyelerde etkisi olabilen talihsiz bir hastalık olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışma, kişilerin AİK geçirdikten sonra sosyal, psikolojik ve mental olarak nasıl ve ne düzeyde etkilendiklerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Yöntemler: Retrospektif arşiv taraması yapılarak kesitsel olarak planlanan çalışmaya 2015 ve 2020 yılları arasında AİK tanısı almış hastalar dahil edildi. Hastalara telefon görüşmesi yoluyla Short Form 36 (SF-36) yaşam kalitesi ölçeği anketi uygulandı. Tedavi sonrası saf ses odyometri test sonuçlarına göre hastalar 2 gruba ayrıldı: ‘tam iyileşen’ (<20 dB) ve ‘tam iyileşmeyen’ (eşikler >20 dB olarak devam eden). SF-36 yaşam kalitesi alt ölçekleri için ortalama skorlar iki grup için de hesaplandı. Bulgular: Toplam 48 (58,5%) erkek ve 34 (41,5%) kadın hasta dahil edildi. Analizlerin sonucunda, AİK tedavisi sonrasında 2 grup arasında fiziksel fonksiyon (p=0,046), enerji-canlılık-vitalite (p=0,049) ve genel sağlık ölçütü (p=0,038) skorlarında anlamlı fark bulundu. Fiziksel rol güçlüğü (p=0,125), emosyonel rol güçlüğü (p>0,05), ruhsal sağlık (p>0,05), ağrı (p=0,48) ve sosyal rol güçlüğü (p=0,713) alt kategorileri skorlarında 2 grup arasında anlamlı fark olmasa da tam iyileşen hastaların ortalama skorları daha yüksek izlendi. Sonuç: Sonuçlarımız, başarılı bir tedavi ve iyileşme sürecinin hastalığın potansiyel tüm fiziksel ve mental komplikasyonlarının önüne geçtiğini göstermiştir. Tam iyileşemeyen hastaların edindiği bu morbiditenin kişi üzerinde etkileri ise bir şekilde daha ciddi sorunlar ile ileride hissedilmeye başlanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ani idiyopatik işitme kaybı
• Yaşam kalitesi
• Genel sağlık
• Short Form 36

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