Effect of bariatric surgery on night eating syndrome: A retrospective study

Abstract

Aim: Prevalence of night eating syndrome (NES) is higher in obese people. The effect of bariatric surgery on preoperative and postoperative eating disorders of obese patients remains controversial. This study aims to determine the preoperative and postoperative NES in patients who underwent bariatric surgery and the impact of surgery on this syndrome. Methods: The study was conducted on 29 patients who applied for bariatric surgery at a university hospital to treat morbid obesity. The questionnaire used as a data collection tool included the participants' sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, and the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ) elements. Groups with and without improvement in NES status with bariatric surgery were formed, and the groups were compared according to the other parameters. The relationship between night eating disorder, demographic characteristics, and anthropometric measurements were also evaluated. Results: Bariatric surgery was promising in the entire group, the mean preoperative body mass index in the entire group was 42.9 ± 5.56 kg/m2, and the mean postoperative 1st-year body mass index was 28.5 ± 5.98 kg/m2. When NEQ was evaluated, it was seen that 27.6% of the patients had NES before the surgery and 10.3% after the surgery. It was found that only smoking had a negative effect on the improvement in NES (p=0.045), while other parameters did not have significant effects (p>0.05). Conclusion: It has been observed that bariatric surgery positively affects NES. Although smoking negatively affects the improvement in NES, studies with larger samples are needed to evaluate these and other parameters more effectively

Keywords

• bariatric surgery
• obesity
• night eating syndrome

Bariatrik cerrahinin gece yeme sendromu üzerine etkisi: Retrospektif bir çalışma

Öz

Amaç: Obez kişilerde gece yeme sendromu (GYS) prevalansı daha yüksek oranda görülmektedir. Obez hastaların ameliyat öncesi ve sonrası yeme bozuklukları üzerine bariatrik cerrahinin etkisi tartışmalıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, obezite cerrahisi geçiren hastalarda ameliyat öncesi ve sonrası GYS görülme oranın ve ameliyatın bu sendroma etkisini belirlemektir. Yöntemler: Çalışma bir üniversite hastanesine morbid obezite cerrahi tedavisi için başvuran 29 hasta üzerinde yapıldı. Veri toplama aracı olarak kullanılan ankette, katılımcıların sosyodemografik özellikleri, antropometrik ölçümleri ve Gece Yeme Anketi (GYA) unsurlarına yer verilmiştir. Bariatrik cerrahi ile gece yeme sendromu durumunda düzelme olan ve olmayan gruplar oluşturuldu ve gruplar diğer parametrelere göre karşılaştırıldı. Ayrıca gece yeme bozukluğu ile demografik özellikler ve antropometrik ölçümler arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Demografik veriler incelendiğinde bariatrik cerrahinin yeterli kilo kaybını sağladığı görüldü. Preoperatif ortalama vücut kitle indeksi 42.9 ± 5.56 kg/m2 ve 1 yıl sonra ortalama vücut kitle indeksi 28.5 ± 5.98 kg/m2 olarak saptandı. GYA’i değerlendirildiğinde hastaların %27,6'sının ameliyat öncesi, %10,3'ünün ameliyat sonrası GYS yaşadığı görüldü. Sadece sigara içmenin GYS'deki iyileşme üzerinde olumsuz bir etkisi olduğu (p=0.045), diğer parametrelerin ise anlamlı bir etkisi olmadığı (p>0.05) bulundu. Sonuç: Bariatrik cerrahinin GYS üzerine olumlu etkileri olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Sigara içmek GYS'deki iyileşmeyi olumsuz etkilese de, bu ve diğer parametrelerin daha etkin değerlendirilmesi için daha büyük örneklemli çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• bariatrik cerrahi
• gece yeme sendromu
• obezite

References

1. 1. Semlitsch T, Stigler FL, Jeitler K, Horvath K, Siebenhofer A. Management of overweight and obesity in primary care-A systematic overview of international evidence-based guidelines. Obes Rev. 2019;20:1218-30. 2. Beckman L, Earthman C. Nutritional implications of bariatric surgery and the role of registered dietitians. J Acad Nutr Diet.2013;113:398-99.
2. 3. Panteliou E, Miras AD. What is the role of bariatric surgery in the management of obesity? Climacteric.2017;20:97-102.
3. 4.Wimmelmann CL, Dela F, Mortensen EL. Psychological predictors of weight loss after bariatric surgery: a review of the recent research. Obes Res Clin Pract.2014; 8:299-313.
4. 5. Zunker C, Karr T, Saunders R, Mitchell JE. Eating Behaviors post-bariatric surgery: a qualitative study of grazing, Obes Surg.2012;22:1225-31.
5. 6. Kaur J, Dang AB, Gan J, An Z, Krug I. Night Eating Syndrome in Patients With Obesity and Binge Eating Disorder: A Systematic Review. Front Psychol. 2022;12:766827.
6. 7. Uçtum S, Evaluation of binge eating disorder and investigation of nutritional status of patients after bariatric surgery [Master Thesis]. Istanbul: Okan University Institute of Health Sciences; 2019. [Access date: 16.09.2021].
7. 8. Kazan H, Tınkır NS, Durmus A, Durmus I, Guler AY. Eating addiction levels of obese individuals deciding on bariatric surgery. Anatolian J Psychiatry. 2019;20:94-7.
8. 9. Çöpür M, Saatcioğlu Tınkır N. Food Addiction. Türkiye Klinikleri Child Psychiatry. 2020;6:47-53.

9. 10. Sevinçer GM, Psychiatric management of obesity surgery in Turkey: the need for consensus and a guideline. Anatolian J Psychiatry. 2016;17:5-45.
10. 11. Opolski M, Chur-Hansen A, Wittert G. The eating-related behaviours, disorders and expectations of candidates for bariatric surgery. Clin Obes.2015;5:165-97.
11. 12. Çöpür M, Tınkır NS, Çöpür S. Effects of bariatric surgery on psychological well-being among adolescents: a case series study from Turkey. Anatolian J Psychiatry .2020;21:544-8.
12. 13. Orhan F, Tuncel D. Night Eating Disorders. Current Approaches in Psychiatry. 2009;1:132-154.
13. 14.Conceição EM, Utzinger LM, Pisetsky EM. Eating disorders and problematic eating behaviours before and after bariatric surgery: Characterization, assessment and association with treatment outcomes. Eur Eat Disord Rev.2015;23:417-25.
14. 15. Buchwald H, Oien DM. Metabolic/bariatric surgery worldwide 2008. Obes Surg. 2009;19:1605-11.
15. 16. Zwaan M, Marschollek M, Allison K C. The night eating syndrome (NES) in bariatric surgery patients, Eur Eat Disord Rev.2015;23:426-34.
16. 17. Allison KC, Lundgren JD, O'Reardon JP, Martino NS, Sarwer DB, Wadden TA, et al. The night eating questionnaire (neq): Psychometric properties of a measure of severity of the Night Eating Syndrome. Eat Behav. 2008;9:62-72.
17. 18. Atasoy N, Atik L, Saraçlı Ö, Konuk N, Ankara H, Güriz O, et al. The reliability and validity of Turkish version of the night eating questionnaire in psychiatric outpatient population. Anatolian J Psychiatry. 2014;15:238-47.
18. 19. Ivezaj V, Lawson JL, Lydecker JA, Duffy AJ, Grilo CM. Examination of night eating and loss-of-control eating following bariatric surgery. Eat Weight Disord. 2022;27:207-13.
19. 20. Çöpür M, Tınkır NS, Çöpür S. The emergence of depression and anxiety disorder in a patient following bariatric surgery: A case report. J Health Sci Life.2021;5: 47-50.
20. 21. Allison KC, Wadden TA, Sarwer DB, Fabricatore AN, Crerand CE, Gibbons LM, et al. Night eating syndrome and binge eating disorder among persons seeking bariatric surgery: Prevalence and related features. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2006;2:153-8.
21. 22. Zunker C, Karr T, Saunders R, Mitchell JE. Eating behaviors post-bariatric surgery: A qualitative study of grazing. Obes Surg.2012;22:1225-31.
22. 23. Colles SL, Dixon JB, O’Brien PE. Grazing and loss of control related to eating: Two high- risk factors following bariatric surgery. Obes J. 2008;16:615-22.
23. 24. Sáenz-Herrero M, Marta Zubia, Nuria Nuñez López-Ibor JJ, Cabranes JA, González-Pinto. The impact of bariatric surgery on the psychiatric morbidity of patients with morbid obesity. J Obes Eat Disord. 2015;1:3.
24. 25. Yahia N, Brown C, Potter S, Szymanski H, Smith K, Pringle L, et al. Night eating syndrome and its association with weight status, physical activity, eating habits, smoking status, and sleep patterns among college students. Eat Weight Disord. 2017;22:421-33.
25. 26. King WC, Chen JY, Mitchell JE. Prevalence of alcohol use disorders before and after bariatric surgery. JAMA.2012;307:2516-25.
26. 27. Maiz C, Alvarado J, Quezada N, Salinas J, Funke R, Boza C, et al. Bariatric surgery in 1119 patients with preoperative body mass ındex< 35 (kg/m2): Results at 1 year. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2015;11:1127-32. 28. Polat P. Eating attitudes, behaviors and dietary adherence of patients after bariatric surgery [Master Thesis]. Istanbul: Marmara University Institute of Health Sciences 2018. [Access date: 28.10.2021].
27. 29. Erdem NZ. Evaluation of Nutritional Status in Bariatric Surgery, Nutritional Support and Monitoring. Alpha M E (Ed). Nutritional Treatment in Diseases. Istanbul: Hatipoğlu; 2013.p.277-304.
28. 30. Işık Y. Evaluation of the nutritional quality with healthy eating index in patients of bariatric surgery [Master Thesis]. Istanbul: Bilgi University Institute of Graduate Programs; 2019. [Access date: 01.11.2021].
29. 31. Reid RER, Oparina E, Plourde H, Andersen RE. Energy intake and food habits between weight maintainers and regainers, five years after roux-en-y gastric bypass. Can J Diet Pract Res. 2016;77:195-8.
30. 32. Dineros H, Sinamban R, Siozon M, Llido LO, Yumang E, Gregorio AE. Obesity surgery in the Philippines: Experience in a private tertiary care hospital for years 2002 to 2004. Obes Surg. 2007;17:82-7.
31. 33. Gluck ME, Venti CA, Salbe AD, Votruba SB, Krakoff J. Higher 24-h respiratory quotient and higher spontaneous physical activity in nighttime eaters. Obesity. 2011;19:319-22.
32. 34. Baldofski S, Tigges W, Herbig B, Jurowich C, Kaiser S, Stroh C, et al. Nonnormative eating behavior and psychopathology in bariatric patients with binge-eating disorder and night eating syndrome. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2015;11:621-6.
33. 35. Ferreira Pinto T, Carvalho de Bruin PF, Sales de Bruin VM, Ney Lemos F, Azevedo Lopes FH, Marcos Lopes P. Effects of bariatric surgery on night eating and depressive symptoms: A prospective study, Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2017;13:1057-62.