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Utility of Nestin immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of granular cell tumor

Year 2018, Volume:3 Issue: 3, 160 - 164, 30.11.2018
https://doi.org/10.25000/acem.436429

Abstract

Aim: Granular cell tumors (GCTs) show neuroectodermal differentiation. Morphologically,
a wide variety of mesencymal tumors may have granular cell appearance. N
estin, which is an intermediate filament protein
expressed in undifferentiated cells during
central nerves system development and its tumors.
We aim to determine the diagnostic utility of Nestin in diagnosis of
GCTs. 

Methods:  Nestin
immunohistochemistry applied to GCT cases and other mesenchymal tumors which
may have granular cytoplasm and the major differential diagnostic consideration
of GCT.  A
total of 21 GCT from different tissues (including 7 in the esophagus,
8 originating from skin tissues, 4 in the tongue, 2 in the vocal cord)
, 17 gastrointestinal stromal tumor  in the gastrointestinal tract,
8 leiomyoma (5 in the esophagus and 3 originating from skin tissues), 4
schwannoma (1 in the esophagus and 3 originating from skin tissues),  
subcutaneous mesenchymal tumors ( including 7 neurofibroma, 5 fibroma, 15
dermatofibroma), 20 melanocytic nevi, 15 gastric xanthomas and 15 xanthalesma
of the skin were included the study.

Results: Nestin positivity was detected in all GCTs. Additionally,
s
trong Nestin positivity
was seen in all
gastrointestinal stromal tumors,
schwannoma and neurofibroma cases. However, N
estin was
negative in all leiomyoma, fibroma, dermatofibroma, melanocytic nevi, gastric
xanthoma and xanthalesma cases.
 







Conclusion:  The study showed that
Nestin immunohistochemistry has limitation in distinction of GCT from tumors
arising from neural cell lineage such as
gastrointestinal stromal tumor, schwannoma and neurofibroma; however, Nestin
as a neural marker provides an evidence to neural origin of GCT and could be useful
in distinction GCT from other mesenchymal tumors with granular cytoplasm such
as leiomyoma, dermatofibroma and melanocytic nevi.

References

  • 1- Di Tommaso L, Magrini E, Consales A, Poppi M, Pasquinelli G, Dorji T, et al. Malignant granular cell tumor of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve: report of a case with cytogenetic analysis. Hum Pathol. 2002;33:1237-40.
  • 2- Cardis MA, Ni J, Bhawan J. Granular cell differentiation: A review of the published work.J Dermatol. 2017;44:251-58.
  • 3-Stefansson K, Wollmann RL.S-100 protein in granular cell tumors (granular cell myoblastomas). Cancer. 1982;49:1834-8.
  • 4-Armin A, Connelly EM, Rowden G.An immunoperoxidase investigation of S-100 protein in granular cell myoblastomas: evidence for Schwann cell derivation. Am J Clin Pathol. 1983;79:37-44.
  • 5- Filie AC, Lage JM, Azumi N, Immunoreactivity of S100 protein, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and CD68 in adult and congenital granular cell tumors. Mod Pathol.1996;9:888-92.
  • 6- Parfitt JR, McLean CA, Joseph MG, Streutker CJ, Al-Haddad S, Driman DK. Granular cell tumours of the gastrointestinal tract: expression of Nestin and clinicopathological evaluation of 11 patients. Histopathology. 2006;48:424-30
  • 7- Singhi AD, Montgomery EA. Colorectal granular cell tumour: a clinicopathologic study of 26 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2010;34:1186-92.
  • 8-Kishaba Y, Matsubara D, Niki T. Heterogeneous expression of nestin in myofibroblasts of various human tissues. Pathol Int. 2010;60:378-85.
  • 9-Sugawara K, Kurihara H, Negishi M, Saito N, Nakazato Y, Sasaki T, et al. Nestin as a marker for proliferative endothelium in gliomas. Lab Invest. 2002;82:345-51.
  • 10- Bhattacharyya I, Summerlin DJ, Cohen DM, Ellis GL, Bavitz JB, Gillham LL. Granular cell leiomyoma of the oral cavity. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2006;102:353–9.
  • 11- Sarlomo-Rikala M, Tsujimura T, Lendahl U, Miettinen M, Patterns of Nestin and other intermediate filament expression distinguish between gastrointestinal stromal tumors, leiomyomas and schwannomas. APMIS. 2002;110:499-507.
  • 12- Shintaku M. Immunohistochemical localization of autophagosomal membrane-associated protein LC3 in granular cell tumor and schwannoma. Virchows Arch. 2011;459:315–9
  • 13-Mentzel T, Wadden C, Fletcher CD. Granular cell change in smooth muscle tumours of skin and soft tissue. Histopathology. 1994;24:223-31.
  • 14-Dobashi Y, Iwabuchi K, Nakahata J, Yanagimoto K, Kameya T. Combined clear and granular cell leiomyoma of soft tissue: evidence of transformation to a histiocytic phenotype. Histopathology. 1999;34:526-31.
  • 15- El-Gamal HM, Robinson-Bostom L, Saddler KD, Pan T, Mihm MC. Compound melanocytic nevi with granular cell changes. Am Acad Dermatol. 2004;50:765–6
  • 16- Tsujimura T, Makiishi-Shimobayashi C, Lundkvist J, Lendahl U, Nakasho K, Sugihara A, et al.Expression of the intermediate filament nestin in gastrointestinal stromal tumors and interstitial cells of Cajal. Am J Pathol. 2001;158:817-23.
  • 17-Hou YY, Tan YS, Xu JF, Wang XN, Lu SH, Ji Y, et al. Schwannoma of the gastrointestinal tract: a clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of 33 cases. Histopathology. 2006;48:536-45.
  • 18- Shimada S, Tsuzuki T, Kuroda M, Nagasaka T, Hara K, Takahashi E, et al. Nestin expression as a new marker in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Pathol Int. 2007;57:60-7.
  • 19- Zimmerman L, Parr B, Lendahl U, Cunningham M, McKay R, Gavin B, et al. Independent regulatory elements in the nestin gene direct transgene expression to neural stem cells or muscle precursors. Neuron. 1994;12:11–24.
  • 20- Kachinsky AM, Dominov JA, Miller JB. Myogenesis and the intermediate filament protein, nestin. Dev Biol. 1994;165:216–28.
  • 21- Sejersen T, Lendahl U. Transient expression of the intermediate filament nestin during skeletal muscle development. J Cell Sci.1993;106:1291–300.
  • 22- Brychtova S, Fiuraskova M, Hlobilková A, Brychta T, Hirnak J. Nestin expression in cutaneous melanomas and melanocytic nevi. J Cutan Pathol. 2007;34:370-5.
  • 23- Laga AC, Zhan Q, Weishaupt C, Ma J, Frank MH, Murphy GF. SOX2 and nestin expression in human melanoma: an immunohistochemical and experimental study. Exp Dermatol. 2011;20:339-45.
  • 24- Mori T, Misago N, Yamamoto O, Toda S, Narisawa Y.Expression of nestin in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans in comparison to dermatofibroma. J Dermatol. 2008;35:419-25.
  • 25- Bellezza G, Colella R, Sidoni A, Del Sordo R, Ferri I, Cioccoloni C, et al. Immunohistochemical expression of Galectin-3 and HBME-1 in granular cell tumors: a new finding. Histol Histopathol. 2008;23:1127-30.
  • 26- Bigotti G, Coli A, Del Vecchio M, Massi G. Evaluation of Galectin-3 expression by sarcomas, pseudosarcomatous and benign lesions of the soft tissues. Preliminary results of an immunohistochemical study. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2003;22:255-64.
  • 27- Fine SW, Li M. Expression of calretinin and the alphasubunit of inhibin in granular cell tumors. Am J Clin Pathol. 2003;119:259-64.
  • 28- Le BH, Boyer PJ, Lewis JE, Kapadia SB. Granular cell tumor: immunohistochemical assessment of inhibin-alpha, protein gene product 9.5, S100 protein, CD68, and Ki-67 proliferative index with clinical correlation. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2004;128:771-75.
  • 29- Andressen C, Blumcke I, Celio MR. Calcium-binding proteins: selective markers of nerve cells. Cell Tissue Res.1993;271:181-208.
  • 30- Hoang MP, Sinkre P, Albores-Saavedra J. Expression of protein gene product 9.5 in epithelioid and conventional malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2001;125:1321-25.
  • 31- Mahalingam M, LoPiccolo D, Byers HR. Expression of PGP 9.5 in granular cell nerve sheath tumors. J Cutan Pathol. 2001;28:282-86.
  • 32- Heerema MG, Suurmeijer AJ. Sox10 immunohistochemistry allows the pathologist to differentiate between prototypical granular cell tumors and other granular cell lesions. Histopathology. 2012;61:997-9.
  • 33- Campbell LK, Thomas JR, Lamps LW, Smoller BR, Folpe AL. Protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) is not a specific marker of neural and nerve sheath tumors: an immunohistochemical study of 95 mesenchymal neoplasms. Mod Pathol. 2003;16:963-69.

Granüler hücreli tümör tanısında Nestin immunhistokimyasının kullanımı

Year 2018, Volume:3 Issue: 3, 160 - 164, 30.11.2018
https://doi.org/10.25000/acem.436429

Abstract

Amaç: Granüler
hücreli tümorler (GCTs) nöroektodermal diferansiasyon gösterirler. Morfolojik
olarak pek çok mezenkimal tümor, granüler hücreli görünüme sahip olabilir. Nestin,
santral sinir sistemi gelişimi boyunca undiferansiye hücrelerde ve santral
sinir sistemi tümörlerinde eksprese edilen bir intermediate filament
proteindir. Çalışmamızda Nestin proteininin granüler hücreli tümör ayırıcı
tanısında kullanılabilirliğinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntemler: Çalışmamızda GCT tümör olguları ve
granüler sitoplazmaya sahip olabilecek ve granüler hücreli tümör ayırıcı tanısında
başlıca ele alınan mezenkimal tümörlere immunhistokimyasal olarak Nestin
antikoru uygulanmıştır.
 Farklı
dokulardan köken alan 21 GCT
(7’si
özofagus, 8’i deri,  4’ü dil,  2’si vokal korddan gelişen ) ,
17 GIST (gastrointestinal stromal
tumor- gastrointestinal kanaldan gelişen)
, 8 leiomyoma ( 5’i özofagus,  3’ü deriden gelişen), 4 schwannoma  (1’i özofagus, 3’ü deri yerleşimli) ve
subkutan yerleşimli mesenkimal tümörler (
7 nörofibroma,
5 fibroma, 15 dermatofibroma)  ile 20
melanositik nevüs,  15 gastrik ksantom ve
15 ksantalezma olgusu çalışmamıza dahil edilmiştir.

Bulgular: GCT’lerin tamamında Nestin pozitifliği görüldü. Ayrıca
tüm
GIST’ler,  schwannoma ve nörofibromada Nestin pozitif
olarak izlendi.   Bununla birlikte tüm
leiomyoma, fibroma,  dermatofibroma,  melanositik nevüs, gastrik ksantom ve  ksantalezmada
 olgularında  Nestin ekspresyonu görülmedi.







Sonuç: Çalışmamız Nestin immunhistokimyasının GCT’ün ayırıcı tanısında
özellikle GIST, Schwannoma ve nörofibroma gibi nöral orijinli tümörlerde
sınırlı olduğunu göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte nöral bir marker olan Nestin
GCT’ün nöral kökenine dair bir kanıt sunmaktadır.  Nestin, GCT ‘ün granüler sitoplazmaya sahip leiomyoma,
dermatofibroma gibi diğer mezenkimal tümörler ve melanositik nevüsden
ayırımında kullanılabilir.

References

  • 1- Di Tommaso L, Magrini E, Consales A, Poppi M, Pasquinelli G, Dorji T, et al. Malignant granular cell tumor of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve: report of a case with cytogenetic analysis. Hum Pathol. 2002;33:1237-40.
  • 2- Cardis MA, Ni J, Bhawan J. Granular cell differentiation: A review of the published work.J Dermatol. 2017;44:251-58.
  • 3-Stefansson K, Wollmann RL.S-100 protein in granular cell tumors (granular cell myoblastomas). Cancer. 1982;49:1834-8.
  • 4-Armin A, Connelly EM, Rowden G.An immunoperoxidase investigation of S-100 protein in granular cell myoblastomas: evidence for Schwann cell derivation. Am J Clin Pathol. 1983;79:37-44.
  • 5- Filie AC, Lage JM, Azumi N, Immunoreactivity of S100 protein, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and CD68 in adult and congenital granular cell tumors. Mod Pathol.1996;9:888-92.
  • 6- Parfitt JR, McLean CA, Joseph MG, Streutker CJ, Al-Haddad S, Driman DK. Granular cell tumours of the gastrointestinal tract: expression of Nestin and clinicopathological evaluation of 11 patients. Histopathology. 2006;48:424-30
  • 7- Singhi AD, Montgomery EA. Colorectal granular cell tumour: a clinicopathologic study of 26 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2010;34:1186-92.
  • 8-Kishaba Y, Matsubara D, Niki T. Heterogeneous expression of nestin in myofibroblasts of various human tissues. Pathol Int. 2010;60:378-85.
  • 9-Sugawara K, Kurihara H, Negishi M, Saito N, Nakazato Y, Sasaki T, et al. Nestin as a marker for proliferative endothelium in gliomas. Lab Invest. 2002;82:345-51.
  • 10- Bhattacharyya I, Summerlin DJ, Cohen DM, Ellis GL, Bavitz JB, Gillham LL. Granular cell leiomyoma of the oral cavity. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2006;102:353–9.
  • 11- Sarlomo-Rikala M, Tsujimura T, Lendahl U, Miettinen M, Patterns of Nestin and other intermediate filament expression distinguish between gastrointestinal stromal tumors, leiomyomas and schwannomas. APMIS. 2002;110:499-507.
  • 12- Shintaku M. Immunohistochemical localization of autophagosomal membrane-associated protein LC3 in granular cell tumor and schwannoma. Virchows Arch. 2011;459:315–9
  • 13-Mentzel T, Wadden C, Fletcher CD. Granular cell change in smooth muscle tumours of skin and soft tissue. Histopathology. 1994;24:223-31.
  • 14-Dobashi Y, Iwabuchi K, Nakahata J, Yanagimoto K, Kameya T. Combined clear and granular cell leiomyoma of soft tissue: evidence of transformation to a histiocytic phenotype. Histopathology. 1999;34:526-31.
  • 15- El-Gamal HM, Robinson-Bostom L, Saddler KD, Pan T, Mihm MC. Compound melanocytic nevi with granular cell changes. Am Acad Dermatol. 2004;50:765–6
  • 16- Tsujimura T, Makiishi-Shimobayashi C, Lundkvist J, Lendahl U, Nakasho K, Sugihara A, et al.Expression of the intermediate filament nestin in gastrointestinal stromal tumors and interstitial cells of Cajal. Am J Pathol. 2001;158:817-23.
  • 17-Hou YY, Tan YS, Xu JF, Wang XN, Lu SH, Ji Y, et al. Schwannoma of the gastrointestinal tract: a clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of 33 cases. Histopathology. 2006;48:536-45.
  • 18- Shimada S, Tsuzuki T, Kuroda M, Nagasaka T, Hara K, Takahashi E, et al. Nestin expression as a new marker in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Pathol Int. 2007;57:60-7.
  • 19- Zimmerman L, Parr B, Lendahl U, Cunningham M, McKay R, Gavin B, et al. Independent regulatory elements in the nestin gene direct transgene expression to neural stem cells or muscle precursors. Neuron. 1994;12:11–24.
  • 20- Kachinsky AM, Dominov JA, Miller JB. Myogenesis and the intermediate filament protein, nestin. Dev Biol. 1994;165:216–28.
  • 21- Sejersen T, Lendahl U. Transient expression of the intermediate filament nestin during skeletal muscle development. J Cell Sci.1993;106:1291–300.
  • 22- Brychtova S, Fiuraskova M, Hlobilková A, Brychta T, Hirnak J. Nestin expression in cutaneous melanomas and melanocytic nevi. J Cutan Pathol. 2007;34:370-5.
  • 23- Laga AC, Zhan Q, Weishaupt C, Ma J, Frank MH, Murphy GF. SOX2 and nestin expression in human melanoma: an immunohistochemical and experimental study. Exp Dermatol. 2011;20:339-45.
  • 24- Mori T, Misago N, Yamamoto O, Toda S, Narisawa Y.Expression of nestin in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans in comparison to dermatofibroma. J Dermatol. 2008;35:419-25.
  • 25- Bellezza G, Colella R, Sidoni A, Del Sordo R, Ferri I, Cioccoloni C, et al. Immunohistochemical expression of Galectin-3 and HBME-1 in granular cell tumors: a new finding. Histol Histopathol. 2008;23:1127-30.
  • 26- Bigotti G, Coli A, Del Vecchio M, Massi G. Evaluation of Galectin-3 expression by sarcomas, pseudosarcomatous and benign lesions of the soft tissues. Preliminary results of an immunohistochemical study. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2003;22:255-64.
  • 27- Fine SW, Li M. Expression of calretinin and the alphasubunit of inhibin in granular cell tumors. Am J Clin Pathol. 2003;119:259-64.
  • 28- Le BH, Boyer PJ, Lewis JE, Kapadia SB. Granular cell tumor: immunohistochemical assessment of inhibin-alpha, protein gene product 9.5, S100 protein, CD68, and Ki-67 proliferative index with clinical correlation. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2004;128:771-75.
  • 29- Andressen C, Blumcke I, Celio MR. Calcium-binding proteins: selective markers of nerve cells. Cell Tissue Res.1993;271:181-208.
  • 30- Hoang MP, Sinkre P, Albores-Saavedra J. Expression of protein gene product 9.5 in epithelioid and conventional malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2001;125:1321-25.
  • 31- Mahalingam M, LoPiccolo D, Byers HR. Expression of PGP 9.5 in granular cell nerve sheath tumors. J Cutan Pathol. 2001;28:282-86.
  • 32- Heerema MG, Suurmeijer AJ. Sox10 immunohistochemistry allows the pathologist to differentiate between prototypical granular cell tumors and other granular cell lesions. Histopathology. 2012;61:997-9.
  • 33- Campbell LK, Thomas JR, Lamps LW, Smoller BR, Folpe AL. Protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) is not a specific marker of neural and nerve sheath tumors: an immunohistochemical study of 95 mesenchymal neoplasms. Mod Pathol. 2003;16:963-69.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Original Research
Authors

Hilal Erinanç

Hüseyin Savaş Göktürk

Gülhan Kanat Ünler This is me

Erdal Karagülle

Publication Date November 30, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume:3 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Erinanç H, Göktürk HS, Kanat Ünler G, Karagülle E. Utility of Nestin immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of granular cell tumor. Arch Clin Exp Med. 2018;3(3):160-4.