Artificial Intelligence and Healthcare Applications

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has increasingly become integrated into healthcare systems in recent years, particularly in areas such as diagnosis, treatment planning, clinical decision support systems, medical imaging, drug discovery and patient management. Advances in machine learning, deep learning, generative AI and multimodal AI systems are transforming clinical practice across many medical specialties, including radiology, internal medicine, surgical sciences and respiratory medicine. AI-assisted systems have the potential to reduce workload, contribute to early diagnosis, support personalized treatment approaches and improve health economics. However, important concerns regarding data security, algorithmic bias, clinical validation, ethical responsibility and regulatory frameworks remain under discussion. In this review, current applications of artificial intelligence in healthcare—including its use in internal and surgical sciences, radiological applications, health economic contributions, and ethical considerations—are evaluated in light of the current literature, emphasizing the need for clinical validation, human oversight, and ethical principles for the safe and sustainable integration of AI technologies into healthcare systems.

Keywords

• Artificial intelligence
• machine learning
• healthcare assistants

Supporting Institution

No institutional support was received.

Ethical Statement

The Helsinki Declaration, published by the World Medical Association (WMA), adheres to fundamental ethical guidelines that all medical and scientific research involving human participants must follow.

Yapay Zeka ve Sağlık Uygulamaları

Abstract

Yapay zekâ (YZ), son yıllarda sağlık hizmetlerinde tanı, tedavi planlaması, klinik karar destek sistemleri, tıbbi görüntüleme, ilaç geliştirme ve hasta yönetimi gibi birçok alanda giderek daha yaygın kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Makine öğrenmesi, derin öğrenme, üretken yapay zekâ ve multimodal yapay zekâ sistemlerindeki gelişmeler; radyoloji, dahili bilimler, cerrahi bilimler ve solunum hastalıkları başta olmak üzere birçok tıbbi branşta klinik uygulamaları dönüştürmektedir. Yapay zekâ destekli sistemlerin iş yükünü azaltma, erken tanıya katkı sağlama, kişiselleştirilmiş tedavi yaklaşımlarını destekleme ve sağlık ekonomisine katkıda bulunma potansiyeli bulunmaktadır. Bununla birlikte veri güvenliği, algoritmik yanlılık, klinik validasyon, etik sorumluluk ve yasal düzenlemeler gibi önemli sorunlar halen tartışılmaktadır. Bu derlemede yapay zekânın sağlık alanındaki güncel uygulamaları; dahili ve cerrahi bilimlerdeki kullanımları, radyolojik uygulamalar, sağlık ekonomisine katkıları ve etik boyutları güncel literatür ışığında değerlendirilmiş; sağlık sistemlerine güvenli ve sürdürülebilir entegrasyonu için klinik doğrulama, insan denetimi ve etik ilkelerin gerekliliği vurgulanmıştır.

Keywords

• Yapay zeka
• makine öğrenmesi
• sağlık asistanları

Supporting Institution

Kurumsal bir destek alınmamıştır.

Ethical Statement

Dünya Tıp Birliği (WMA) tarafından yayınlanan Helsinki Deklarasyonu, insan katılımcılarla yapılan tüm tıbbi ve bilimsel araştırmaların uyması gereken temel etik kurallara bağlı kalmaktadır.

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