Evaluation of oral health awareness in pregnants

Year 2024, , 7 - 11, 30.01.2024

Suat Serhan Altıntepe Doğan Nebi Cansın Karakan Özgür Doğan İsmail Haktan Çelik Esra Nur Akgül

https://doi.org/10.47482/acmr.1347602

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the time-dependent effect of verbal and practical oral health education provided by dentists on 6- to 22-week-old pregnant women whose pregnancy is followed up by family physicians in health centers.
Methods: The study included fifty-four pregnant women participated. Oral hygiene education was given to the participants verbally and using a toothbrushing model. Periodontal indices such as the probing pocket depth (PPD), plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) were measured and recorded at the first and third month follow-up. The IBM SPSS v.26 statistical software was used for statistical analysis. All data were analyzed using the dependent t test.
Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in the PPD and PI parameters at the end of the one month (p<0.05). There was a decrease in the GI, yet it was not significant. At the end of the third month, there was a significant decrease in the PPD. There was a significant increase in the PI and GI (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Periodontal health status and oral hygiene habits should reach their optimum levels before pregnancy. In addition, follow-up appointments should be called during the whole pregnancy to ensure that oral hygiene habits are permanent.

Keywords

Oral and Dental Health Education, Preventive Dentistry, Pregnancy Education.

References

• Kinane DF, Attstrom R. Advances in the pathogenesis of periodontitiss. Group B consensus report of the fifth European workshop in periodontology. J Clin Periodontol. 2005; 32: 130-131.
• Singh T, Newman AB. Inflammatory markers in population studies of aging. Aging Res Rev. 2011; 10: 319-329.
• Mascarenhas P, Gapski R, Al-Shammari K, Wang H-L. Influence of sex hormones on the periodontium. J Clin Periodontol. 2003; 30: 671-681.
• Carrillo-de-Albornoz A, Figuero E, Herrera D, Bascones-Martínez A. Gingival changes during pregnancy: II. Influence of hormonal variations on the subgingival biofilm. J Clin Periodontol. 2010; 37: 230- 240.
• Silk H, Douglass AB, Douglass JM, Silk L. Oral health during pregnancy. Am Fam Physician. 2008; 77: 1139-1144.
• Khurshid Z, Naseem M, Sheikh Z, Najeeb S, Shahab S, Zafar MS. Oral antimicrobial peptides: Types and role in the oral cavity. Saudi Pharm J. 2016;24(5):515-524.
• Figuero E, Han YW, Furuichi Y. Periodontal diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes: Mechanisms. Periodontol 2000. 2020;83(1):175- 188.
• Amini K, Alihossaini Z, Ghahremani Z. Randomized Clinical Trial Comparison of the Effect of Verbal Education and Education Booklet on Preoperative Anxiety. J PeriAnesthesia Nurs. 2019; 34: 289-296.
• Löe H, Silness J. Periodontal Disease in Pregnancy I. Prevalence and Severity. Acta Odontol Scand. 1963; 21: 533-551.
• Saadaoui M, Singh P, Al Khodor S. Oral microbiome and pregnancy: A bidirectional relationship. J Reprod Immunol. 2021; 145:103293.
• Tilakaratne A, Soory M, Ranasinghe AW, Corea SM, Ekanayake SL, de Silva M. Effects of hormonal contraceptives on the periodontium, in a population of rural Sri-Lankan women. J Clin Periodontol. 2000; 27: 53-757.
• Nannan M, Xiaoping L, Ying J. Periodontal disease in pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes: Progress in related mechanisms and management strategies. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022; 9:963956.
• Uwambaye P, Munyanshongore C, Rulisa S, Shiau H, Nuhu A, Kerr MS. Assessing the association between periodontitis and premature birth: a case‒control study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021;21(1):204.
• Gürsoy M, Pajukanta R, Sorsa T, Könönen E. Clinical changes in periodontium during pregnancy and postpartum. J Clin Periodontol. 2008; 35: 576-583.
• Wu M, Chen SW, Jiang SY. Relationship between gingival inflammation and pregnancy. Mediators Inflamm. 2015; 2015:623427.
• Machado IN, Martinez SD, Barini R. Anencephaly: do the pregnancy and maternal characteristics impact the pregnancy outcome? ISRN Obstet Gynecol. 2012; 2012: 127490.