Effects of Acid Resistance on Migration Behavior of Vitreous Enamels

Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 18 - 27, 29.06.2020

Nurullah Çöpoğlu , Yasin Bozkurt Yılmaz , Tamer Cengiz Buğra Çiçek

Abstract

A wide variety of cookware and utensils are continuously used throughout
the world. Owing to the high mechanical and thermal properties, metallic
surfaces such as cast iron, steel and aluminum are frequently used in this
field. However, during cooking, metal atoms can enter the food from the metal
surface due to the pH of the food, relatively high cooking temperature and
contact time of the processed food. This condition is called migration and when
the human body gets more metal than it needs to take daily or the harmful
elements enter the body, it causes many diseases, notably cancer. Enamel
coating is an inorganic coating that has high heat capacity owing to the
silicates in their chemical structure, high hardness and durability owing to
their amorphous structure, chemical resistance and abrasion resistance.
Hazardous compounds can be present in the enamel coatings which comes from the
minor components used in production of frit compositions such as NiO and CoO to
ensure chemical bonding in interface. These compounds can leach or migrate into
food and from there into human body. Therefore, some regulations and standards
have been developed to protect human health. ISO 4531:2018 standard states an
ICP analysis with limited release of 16 elements. However, some of these
elements have a vital importance in the enamel coating technology hence it was
aimed to replace the required oxides without causing a change in the enamel
structure. In this study, a typical borosilicate frit composition containing a
high proportion of RO₂ groups, was used to provide heat resistance
to the enamel structure and resistance to organic acids. The migration
properties were investigated according to ISO 4531:2018 standard. It is stated
that healthy and conforming to standards enamel compositions can be developed.  

Keywords

enamel coating, element release, ISO 4531:2018, food contact

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