Camili Vadisi’ndeki (Artvin, Türkiye) bazı akarsuların larval Simuliidae (Insecta, Diptera) türlerinin ekolojik gereksinimleri

Year 2021, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 97 - 107, 01.03.2021

Özge Başören , Nilgün Kazancı

https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.757088

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Temmuz 2016 tarihinde Türkiye’nin ilk ve tek biyosfer rezerv alanı olan Camili (Macahel) bölgesinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma ile Camili Vadisi’nde bulunan bazı akarsulardaki Simuliidae türlerinin ve Su Çerçeve Direktifi (SÇD) için önem taşıyan “referans istasyon”ların belirlenmesi, Su Çerçeve Direktifi (SÇD)’nin Sistem A ve B sınıflandırmasına göre çalışılan istasyonların ekolojik karakterlerinin tespit edilmesi, CCA analizi kullanılarak bazı çevresel değişkenler ile kaydedilen türler arasındaki ilişkinin ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, dokuz örnekleme noktasından Simuliidae familyasına ait 257 birey toplanmıştır. Her örnekleme alanında fizikokimyasal değişkenler (su sıcaklığı, pH, elektriksel iletkenlik, çözünmüş oksijen, akıntı hızı) ölçülmüştür. Teşhisler sonucunda Simulium (Nevermannia) angustitarse, Simulium (Nevermannia) cryophilum, Simulium (Nevermannia) vernum, Simulium (Simulium) bezzii, Simulium (Simulium) tuberosum, Simulium (Simulium) variegatum türleri tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma alanında antropojenik baskı önemsiz düzeyde olduğu için çalışılan istasyonlar ve Simuliidae faunası olumsuz etkilenmemiştir. Ayrıca, istasyonlardan altı tanesi referans istasyon özelliği göstermektedir.

Keywords

Camili (Macahel), fizikokimyasal değişkenler, Kanonik Uyum Analizi, referans istasyon, Simuliidae

Supporting Institution

Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Bilimsel Araştırmalar Birimi

Project Number

FHD-2015-7087

Ecological Requirements of Larval Simuliidae (Insecta, Diptera) Species of some Streams in Camili Valley (Artvin, Turkey)

Abstract

This study was carried out in July 2016 in Camili (Macahel) which is Turkey's first and only biosphere reserve area. The aims of this study were to investigate the Simuliidae species of some streams in Camili Valley, to identify the “reference site” which are important for Water Framework Directive (WFD), to determine ecological characteristics of the studied sites according to System A and System B Classification of Water Framework Directive (WFD), to explore the relationship between the recorded species and some environmental variables of streams by using CCA technique. For this purpose, 257 individuals of Simuliidae were sampled from nine studied sites. Physicochemical variables (dissolved oxygen, pH, water temperature, electrical conductivity, velocity) were measured at each studied site. In Camili Valley the following species were collected: Simulium (Nevermannia) angustitarse, Simulium (Nevermannia) cryophilum, Simulium (Nevermannia) vernum, Simulium (Simulium) bezzii, Simulium (Simulium) tuberosum, Simulium (Simulium) variegatum. Because anthropogenic stresses were insignificant in the research area, studied sites and Simuliidae fauna of the area were not affected negatively. Also, six of studied sites have reference habitat conditions.

Keywords

Canonical Correspondence Analysis, Camili (Macahel), physicochemical variables, reference site, Simuliidae

Project Number

FHD-2015-7087

References

• Adler, P.H. (2020). World Blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae): A comprehensive revision of the taxonomic and geographical inventory, 142 pp.
• Akay, E., & Dalkıran, N. (2019). Assessing biological water quality of Yalakdere stream (Yalova, Turkey) with benthic macroinvertebrate-based metrics. Biologia, 1-17. DOI:10.2478/s11756-019-00387-9
• Anonymous (2015). Yerüstü Su Kalitesi Yönetmeliği. Resmi Gazete, pp. 1-30.
• Arslan, N., Kökçü, C. A., & Mercan, D. (2016). Aquatic Oligochaetes Biodiversity in Turkey: Example of Lake Sapanca with Application of the Biotic Indices. International Journal of Advances in Chemical Enginering and Biological Sciences, 3(1), 27-31. DOI:10.15242/IJACEBS.AE0216131
• Arslan, N., Salur, A., Kalyoncu, H., Mercan, D., Barışık, B., & Odabaşı, D. A. (2016). The use of BMWP and ASPT indices for evaluation of water quality according to macroinvertebrates in Küçük Menderes River (Turkey). Biologia,71(1), 49-57. DOI:10.1515/biolog-2016-0005
• Bass, J., 1998, Last-instar larvae and pupae of the Simuliidae of Britain and Ireland: A key with brief ecological notes. Freshwater Biological Association, Cubria, UK, Scientific Publication 55, 102 pp.
• Başören, Ö., & Kazancı, N. (2016). Water quality assessment of Fırtına Stream (Rize, Turkey) by using various macroinvertebrate based metrics and physicochemical variables. Review of Hydrobiology, 9(1), 1-16.
• Başören, Ö., & Kazancı, N. (2017). Habitat characteristics of some Simuliidae (Insecta, Diptera) species. Review of Hydrobiology, 10(2), 73-80.
• Bernard, D. P., Neill, W. E., & Rowe, L. (1990). Impact of mild experimental acidification on short term invertebrate drift in a sensitive British Columbia stream. Hydrobiologia, 203,63-72.
• Bolat, H. A., Kazancı, N., Başören, Ö., & Türkmen, G. (2016). Aquatic Diptera (Insecta) fauna of streams in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey and their relationship with water quality. Review of Hydrobiology, 9(1), 47-72.
• Chmielewski, C. M., & Hall, R. J. (1992). Responses of Immature Blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae Experimental Pulses of Acidity. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 49(4), 833-840.
• Ciborowski, J. J. H., Craig, D. A., & Fry, K. M. (1997). Dissolved organic matter as food for black fly larvae (Diptera: Simuliidae). Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 16(4), 771-780.
• Council of European Communities (2000). Water Framework Directive (WFD) Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy. Official Journal of the European Communities (Vol. L327).
• CSN 75 7716 (1998). Water quality, biological analysis, determination of saprobic index, Prague, Czech Technical State Standard. Czech Standards Institute.
• Crosskey, R. W. (1990). The Natural History of Blackflies. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK. 711 pp.
• Crosskey, R.W. (2002). A taxonomic account of the blackfly fauna of Iraq and Iran, including keys for species identification (Diptera: Simuliidae). Journal of Natural History, 36(15), 1841-1886. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930110066846
• Crosskey, R. W. & Howard, T. M. A. (2004): A revised taxonomic and geographical inventory of world blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae). Department of Entomology, Natural History Museum, London.
• Crosskey, R.W. & Zwick, H. (2007). New Faunal Records with Taxonomic Annotations for the Blackflies of Turkey (Diptera: Simuliidae). Aquatic Insects, 29(1), 21-48. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650420701213853
• De Pauw N., Gabriels W. & Goethals P. L. M. (2006). River monitoring and assessment methods based on macroinvertebrates. In: Ziglio G., Siligardi M. & Flaim G. (Eds.): Biological monitoring of rivers, applications and perspectives. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 113-134.
• Duran, M., & Akyıldız, G. K. (2011). Evaluating Benthic Macroinvertebrate Fauna and Water Quality of Suleymanli Lake (Buldan-Denizli) in Turkey. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 63(2), 169-178.
• Ekingen, P., & Kazancı, N. (2012). Benthic macroinvertebrate fauna of the Aksu Stream (Giresun, Turkey) and habitat quality assessment based on European Union Water Framework Directive criteria. Review of Hydrobiology, 5(1), 35-55.
• Feld, C.K., Kiel, E., & Lautenschlager, M. (2002). The indication of morphological degradation of streams and rivers using Simuliidae. Limnologica, 32, 273-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0075-9511(02)80033-0
• Gültekin, Z. (2019). Ecological assessment approaches based on benthic invertebrates in Euphrates Tributaries in Turkey. Universität Koblenz-Landau, PhD Thesis, 73pp.
• Gültekin, Z., Remmers, W., Aydın, R., Winkelmann, C., & Hellmann, C. (2017). Characterisation of natural streams using community indices and basal resources of macroinvertebrates in the upper Euphrates Basin. Limnologica, 65, 34-37.
• Henderson, P. A., & Seaby, R. M. H. (2007). Environmental Community Analysis 2.1. Pisces Conservation Ltd, Lymington, UK
• Jedlicka, L., Kudela, M., & Stloukalova, V. (2004). Key to the identification of blackfly pupae (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Central Europe. Biologia Bratislava, 59(15), 157-178.
• Kazancı, N. (2006). Ordination of Simuliidae and climate change impact. Acta Entomologica Serbica, Supplement, 69-76.
• Kazancı, N., & Ertunç, Ö. (2008). On the Simuliidae (Insecta, Diptera) Fauna of Turkey. Review of Hydrobiology, 1(1), 27-36.
• Kazancı N., (2009). Records of Plecoptera (Insecta) species and effects of episodic acidification on physico-chemical properties of their habitats in the Eastern Black Sea Region and Yeşilırmak River Basin (Turkey). Review of Hydrobiology, 2(2), 197-206.
• Kazancı, N., & Ertunç, Ö. (2010). Use of Simuliidae (Insecta, Diptera) species as indicators of aquatic habitat quality of Yeşilırmak River Basin (Turkey). Review of Hydrobiology, 3(1), 27-36.
• Kazancı, N., Ekingen, P., Türkmen, G., Ertunç, Ö., Dügel, M., & Gültutan, Y. (2010a). Assessment of ecological quality of Aksu Stream (Giresun, Turkey) in Eastern Black Sea Region by using Water Framework Directive (WFD) methods based on benthic macroinvertebrates. Review of Hydrobiology, 3(2), 165-184.
• Kazancı, N., Türkmen, G., Ertunç, Ö., Ekingen, P., Öz, B., & Gültutan, Y. (2010b). Assessment of ecological quality of Yeşilırmak River (Turkey) by using macroinvertebrate-based methods in the content of Water Framework Directive. Review of Hydrobiology, 3(2), 89-110.
• Kazancı, N., Öz, B., Türkmen, G., & Ertunç Başören, Ö. (2011). Contributions to aquatic fauna of a Biodiversity Hotspot in Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey with records from running water interstitial fauna. Review of Hydrobiology, 4(2), 131-138.
• Kazancı, N., Başören, Ö., Türkmen, G., Öz, B., Ekingen, P., & Bolat, H. A. (2013a). Assessment of macroinvertebrate community structure and water quality of running waters in Camili (Artvin, Turkey); a part of Caucasus Biodiversity Hotspot, by using Water Framework Directive (WFD) methods. Review of Hydrobiology, 6(2), 91-102.
• Kazancı, N., Türkmen, G., Ekingen, P., & Başören, Ö. (2013b). Preparation of a biotic index (Yeşilırmak-BMWP) for water quality monitoring of Yeşilırmak River (Turkey) by using benthic macroinvertebrates. Review of Hydrobiology, 6(1), 1-29.
• Kazancı, N., Türkmen, G., & Başören, Ö. (2015). Application of BMWP and using benthic macroinvertebrates to determine the water quality of a transboundary running water, Çoruh River (Turkey). Review of Hydrobiology, 8(2), 119-130.
• Kazancı, N., Türkmen, G., Ekingen, P., & Başören, Ö. (2017). Evaluation of Plecoptera (Insecta) community composition using multivariate technics in a biodiversity hotspot. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 14, 1307-1316. DOI:10.1007/s13762-017-1245-y
• Kiel, E. (2001). Behavioral response of blackfly larvae (Simuliidae, Diptera) to different current velocities. Limnologica - Ecology and Management of Inland Waters, 31, 179-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0075-9511(01)80018-9
• Lautenschlager, M., & Kiel, E. (2005). Assessing morphological degradation in running waters using blackfly communities (Diptera, Simuliidae): Can habitat quality be predicted from land use? Limnologica, 35, 262-273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.limno.2005.04.003
• Lechthaler, W., & Car, M. (2005). Simuliidae – Key to Larvae and Pupae from Central and Western Europe. Vienna, CD-Rom - Edition.
• Lechthaler, W., Moog, O., & Car, M. (2017). Diptera: Simuliidae. In Moog, O. and Hartmann A. (Eds.): Fauna Aquatica Austriaca, Wien, BMLFUW.
• Myers, N., Mittermeier, R. A., Mittermeier, C. G., da Fonseca, G. A. B., & Kent, J. (2000). Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, 403: 853-858. doi:10.1038/35002501.
• Rosenberg, D. M., & Resh, V. H. (1993). Freshwater biomonitoring and benthic macroinvertebrates. Chapman and Hall, New York, 488 pp.
• Ross, D. H, & Merritt, R. W. 1978. The larval instars and population dynamics of five species of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) and their responses to selected environmental factors. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 56(8), 1633-1642.
• Rubtsov, I. A. (1990). Blackflies (Simuliidae). Fauna of the USSR Diptera, Brill Academic Publisher, 1042pp.
• Scheder, C., & Waringer, J. A. (2002). Distribution patterns and habitat characterization of Simuliidae of Simuliidae (Insecta: Diptera) in a low-order sandstone stream (Weidlingbach, Lower Austria). Limnologica, 32, 236-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0075-9511(02)80030-5
• Seitz, G. (1992). Verbreitung und Okologie der Kriebelmtick- en (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Niederbayern. Lauterbornia 11: 1-230.
• Seitz, G. (1994). Neue und bemerkenswerte Kriebelmückenfunde (Diptera: Simuliidae) für die deutsche Fauna. Lauterbornia, 15, 101-109.
• Türkmen, G., & Kazancı, N. (2015). Determining the Reference Ephemeroptera Communities in the Eastern Part of the Black Sea Region for the Implementation of the Water Framework Directive in Turkey. Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research, 17(1), 177-194.
• Türkmen, G., & Kazancı, N. (2016). Habitat quality assessment of streams in Altindere Valley (Trabzon, Turkey) by using physico-chemical variables and various biotic indices based on benthic macroinvertebrates. Review of Hydrobiology, 9(1), 17-36.
• UNESCO. 2005. Twenty-three New Biosphere Reserves Added to UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Network. www.unesco.org/mab. press release no: 2005-76.
• Wotton, R. S. (2009). Feeding in blackfly larvae (Diptera; Simuliidae) - the capture of colloids. Acta Zoologica Lituanica. 19, 1:64-67.
• Zahar, A. R. (1951). The Ecology and Distribution of Black-Flies (Simuliidae) in South-East Scotland. Journal of Animal Ecology, 20(1), 33-62.
• Zeybek, M., Kalyoncu, H., Karakaş, B., & Özgül, S. (2014). The use of BMWP and ASPT indices for evaluation of water quality according to macroinvertebrates in Değirmendere Stream (Isparta, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 38, 603-613. DOI:10.3906/zoo-1310-9
• Zeybek, M. (2017). Macroinvertebrate-based biotic indices for evaluating the water quality of Kargı Stream (Antalya, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 41, 476-486. DOI:10.3906/zoo-1602-10